Amines

(N,N-Dimethyl)methyleneammonium iodide is a potent antagonist for the histamine H2 receptor that has been shown to inhibit gastric acid secretion. It is an enantiopure compound that can be prepared by asymmetric synthesis using palladium complexes. The methylene group in this molecule is activated with hydroxylamine and acrylates, which are then reacted with ethyl diazoacetate and amines to produce (N,N-dimethyl)methyleneammonium iodide. (N,N-Dimethyl)methyleneammonium iodide is a potent antagonist at the histamine H2 receptor, where it can inhibit gastric acid secretion and reduce stomach ulcers. It also has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects.

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Tetrabutylammonium difluorotriphenylsilicate is a model system for studying the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution at an unsymmetrical carbon center. It is used in analytical chemistry to prepare samples for analysis. Tetrabutylammonium difluorotriphenylsilicate has been shown to be an effective and selective reagent for the synthesis of picolinic acid, which can be used as a precursor for the synthesis of nicotinamide riboside, a vitamin B3 derivative. The reaction proceeds via an SN2 mechanism, where hydrogen fluoride (HF) acts as a nucleophile that attacks the electrophilic carbon center of allyl chloride (CH2=CH-CH2Cl) to form an intermediate with two alkyl groups on opposite sides. The reaction product is then hydrolyzed to release tetrabutylammonium chloride (tBuNH4Cl).

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2-Amino-6-chloropyrazine (2ACP) is an inhibitor that binds to the active site on human protein kinase C (PKC). It has been shown to inhibit PKC by hydrogen bonding with the hydroxide ion, which blocks its catalytic activity. 2ACP has been studied for its potential use in treating cancer and for inhibiting amine oxidases, which are enzymes associated with inflammation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The inhibition of these enzymes may help to reduce stenosis in the lungs or other organs. 2ACP also has been shown to have antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium complex, and M. leprae by inhibiting DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis. 2ACP inhibits the kinase receptor on the cell membrane that phosphorylates a water molecule into a chlorine atom, which then reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form free radicals that can kill bacteria

3-Methoxybenzene-1,2-diamine is a chloride surfactant that is cationic at low concentrations. It is most commonly used as a cross-linking agent in polymers and also has anti-inflammation properties. 3-Methoxybenzene-1,2-diamine is an osmotic agent that binds to water molecules, which prevents the loss of water from cells and increases cell volume. This chemical also has been shown to be an antagonist of 5Ht4 receptors and can be used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as asthma. 3-Methoxybenzene-1,2-diamine has been shown to have low toxicity in rats when consumed in dietary concentrations.

Diisopropylamine is a tertiary amine and a component of trifluoroacetic acid. It is an amide with physiological effects that are not well understood. The diisopropylamine molecule has been shown to undergo transfer reactions, which may be due to steric interactions between the intramolecular hydrogen and nitrogen atoms. Trifluoroacetic acid can be found in reaction solution, such as in the formation of diazo compounds or as an intermediate in the reaction of ethyl acetate and sodium hypochlorite. Diisopropylamine is metabolized through dehydrogenative reactions, which involve the conversion of a group from one part of a molecule to another by removal of hydrogen atoms. This process generates reactive oxygen species and free radicals that may lead to oxidative stress in cells.