Glycosciences

Octyl α-D-galactopyranoside is a synthetic, complex carbohydrate. It is an oligosaccharide that has been fluorinated and modified with a methyl group at the C-2 position. This product is custom synthesized and can be glycosylated, polysaccharides, or modified with other chemical groups. It has high purity and is available in small quantities.

Varenicline N-glucoside is a modification of varenicline, which is an antagonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. This compound has been synthesized using custom synthesis and glycosylation to obtain high purity. It has been methylated and fluorinated in order to remove any impurities. Varenicline N-glucoside is a carbohydrate with a molecular weight of 581.5 g/mol, consisting of one monosaccharide and one disaccharide. It also contains a complex carbohydrate with an oligosaccharide chain that is composed of glycosylation and saccharide units. The CAS number for this compound is 873302-31-9.

CO2-philic compound; used in pharmaceuticals and CO2-based processes

a-Acetobromo-D-xylose is an oligosaccharide sugar used in glycosylation and polysaccharide modifications. It is synthesized by the fluorination of xylose with acetic acid, bromine, and a base. The product is purified by vacuum distillation and recrystallization. In addition to its use as a carbohydrate, this product can be modified using methylation or click chemistry to create derivatives.

O-(2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-N-hydroxysuccinimide is a synthetic glycosylation reagent. It has the CAS number 896730-84-0 and is available for custom synthesis. O-(2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-N-hydroxysuccinimide is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and saccharides. It is also used in click chemistry to modify proteins and other biomolecules. This product has a purity of 99% or higher and can be modified at any position with fluorination or methylation.

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that has been shown to have antimicrobial properties. It has been found to be effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and fungi by disrupting their cell membranes. In addition, xylitol appears to have the ability to reduce plasma glucose levels in animals and humans. Xylitol has also been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria in acidic environments by binding with proteins on the bacterial cell membrane. This binding prevents the transport of nutrients into the cell and results in cell death. Xylitol is not metabolized by human cells because it cannot be broken down into acetaldehyde or acetate. However, xylitol can be metabolized by certain types of liver cells.
Xylitol BP/EP is a drug that belongs to the class of antidiabetic agents used for lowering blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type II (insulin-dependent diabetes). It is an exogenous insulin secretagogue that stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic

Bearberry has been used for centuries to treat various disorders of the urinary tract and prostate. The active ingredient in bearberry is a flavonol glycoside called arbutin, which is converted to hydroquinone during metabolism. As an antioxidant, hydroquinone inhibits the oxidation of LDL cholesterol and may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis. Hydroquinone has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in rat liver microsomes and tissue culture, inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis by blocking cyclooxygenase activity. In vitro, bearberry extracts have been shown to inhibit bacterial growth on agar plates with pH levels from 4-7 and at concentrations between 0.1-1%. It was found that bearberry extracts were most effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, with MIC values ranging from 2-4 mg/mL. Bearberry extract was observed to be more effective than ampicillin against these strains in a chromatographic assay.

Short-term marker of glycemic control

D-Galactosamine (GalN) is an aldohexose (2-Amino-2-deoxygalactose) in which the hydroxyl group at position 2 is replaced by an amino group (Collins, 2006). Galactosamine (as the N-Acetyl derivative) forms a key part of both N- and O-linked glycoproteins, glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans. Treatment of experimental animals with D-galactosamine / lipopolysaccharide causes lethal liver injury characterized by apoptosis of the hepatocyte and it is used as a laboratory model to study the effect of therapeutic agents (Hirono, 2001).

1-O-Methyl-β-D-glucuronic acid is a β-glucuronidase inducer.

3, 4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidinone (3R,4R,5S) is a custom synthesis of a fluorinated compound that has been modified through methylation and monosaccharide substitution. This product has been designed for use in Click chemistry applications. The CAS number for this product is 100906-64-6.

The main cell-wall components of baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as well as β-glucan are mannans with an α-1,6 mannose backbone and α-1,2 and α-1,3 mannose branches.
The image was kindly provided by Dr. Chris Lawson.

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-benzyl-6-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-a-D-mannopyranose is a synthetic glycoside that can be used as a building block for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. It is a fluorinated sugar that can be modified with methyl groups and other functional groups. This product is available in high purity and can be custom synthesized to meet your specific needs.

Methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-galactopyranoside is a carbohydrate that is modified by the addition of fluorine at the 3 position. It has CAS number 88274-25-3 and belongs to the group of oligosaccharides. Methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-(b, b'-D, galactopyranosyl)-b, D galactopyranoside is a synthetic polymer that is glycosylated with methyl groups. This product can be custom synthesized for your needs.

Fucogalactan (GFS) is a polysaccharide isolated and purified from the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida. The polysaccharide is a sulphated galactose containing fucan. Fucogalactan is currently under investigation for possible therapeutic indications including anti-inflammatory properties, immuno- modulating activities, inhibition of tumor growth, stem cell replentishment, antiviral activity, dementia and ulcer healing.Fucoidan ≥ 75 %
The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.

Polysorbate 20 is a sodium salt of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, which is a biocompatible polymer. It is used as an emulsifier in pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, and other personal care products. Polysorbate 20 has been shown to be effective against the production of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a protein that regulates the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the blood. This drug has also been shown to enhance the production of monoclonal antibodies by human serum cells. Polysorbate 20 can be used for cell lysis and biological sample handling due to its ability to dissolve proteins, including biological samples such as tissue sections or blood smears.

Candesartan N-glucuronide is a metabolite of candesartan. It is produced by human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, which belongs to the subfamily of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferases. Candesartan N-glucuronide inhibits angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) and has minimal effects on angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2). Candesartan N-glucuronide binds to the AT1 receptor and blocks its activation by angiotensin II. This binding inhibits the uptake of sodium ions into cells and causes an increase in potassium ion secretion, leading to vasodilation. Candesartan N-glucuronide also induces the expression of cytochrome P450 3A5, which results in increased metabolism of drugs such as paclitaxel.

Chondroitin disaccharide 6S sodium salt is a synthetic, fluorinated, oligosaccharide that has been custom synthesized and glycosylated. It is a sugar-based compound with a high purity and excellent solubility in water. It was synthesized by click modification of the sugar monomer with an amine group at the reducing end. The chondroitin disaccharide 6S sodium salt was further modified with methylation to yield a product with a higher purity.

Alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD) derivative with a hydrophilic exterior and lipophilic cavity (smaller than β-CDs and γ-CDs) to allocate certain guest molecules. This structural characteristic enables applications in molecular encapsulation, solubility enhancement, and stabilization across multiple industries. In pharmaceuticals, it serves as a drug delivery vehicle, enhancing the bioavailability and stability of active ingredients. The food industry utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, as well as a functional ingredient for its effects on lipid metabolism. In cosmetics, it acts as a complex agent for fragrances and active components. Its applications extend to analytical chemistry for chiral separation and to materials science for developing smart materials and nanosystems.

Chiral synthon; used to synthesise analgoues of natural products

Pectins are regarded as linear chains of α-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid, a homogalacturonan (pectic acid). In the products of commerce, the degree of methylation has a vital influence on the properties of pectin, especially the solubility and gel forming characteristics.

Fructodecasaccharide is a methylated, custom-synthesized oligosaccharide that is a polysaccharide with the molecular formula C10H17O11. Fructodecasaccharide is a complex carbohydrate that consists of a monosaccharide and two disaccharides. It has been modified to include fluorine atoms in the glycosidic linkages between the sugar residues. This modification can alter the physical properties of fructodecasaccharide, such as increasing its solubility and stabilizing its structure. Fructodecasaccharide is used in many industries as a high-purity, synthetic product for use in medical applications, including pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

a-D-Lactose 1-phosphate barium salt is a modification of a D-lactose monosaccharide. It is a complex carbohydrate that has been synthesized using the polyol method. The CAS number for this product is 103404-65-5. This product is available in high purity and the molecular weight of this compound is 576. a-D-Lactose 1-phosphate barium salt can be used as an ingredient in pharmaceuticals, food products, and cosmetics. It has been shown to have anticariogenic activities and may be used as a substitute for sucrose in food products.

Ribulose 5-phosphate sodium is a chemical that can be used to inhibit the enzyme ribulose phosphate reductase. Ribulose 5-phosphate sodium has been shown to inhibit glycolaldehyde production in the chloroplasts of plants, effectively reducing the amount of carbon dioxide produced. This chemical has also been shown to have an inhibitory effect on other enzymes involved in carbon fixation and assimilation. The effectiveness of this chemical is dependent on the specific plant species and environmental conditions.

L-Threonic acid-1,4-lactone is a nutrient solution for mammalian tissue. It is a coenzyme that acts as an intermediate in the conversion of dehydroascorbic acid to erythronate and participates in the synthesis of 4-hydroxycinnamic acid from 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid. L-Threonic acid-1,4-lactone has been shown to inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. The physiological levels of L-Threonic acid-1,4-lactone are not yet known, but it has been shown to have inhibitory properties on HIV infection at concentrations that do not affect cellular metabolism or induce reactive oxygen species production. L-Threonic acid-1,4-lactone also has been shown to prevent hepatic steatosis and fatty liver disease by inhibiting lipid accumulation via its ability to

Reference compound for metabolites of the pentosephosphate pathway

Silodosin O-beta-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of silodosin, a drug used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. It is the glucuronide conjugate of silodosin and its presence in plasma can be quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The solvents used in HPLC are acetonitrile and ammonium formate. The chromatographic separation is achieved with a mobile phase consisting of an organic solvent (acetonitrile) and an ion pairing agent (ammonium formate) that interacts with the analyte and forms an ion pair. The sensitivity of HPLC for this analyte can be improved by using deuterated solvents.

Digalactosyl diglyceride is a lipid that is found in the wax of plants. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and can be used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Digalactosyl diglyceride binds to nuclear DNA and inhibits fatty acid synthesis, which leads to membrane destabilization.

3'-Sialyl Lewis X-sp-biotin is a Custom synthesis, Modification, Fluorination, Methylation, Monosaccharide, Synthetic, Click modification, Oligosaccharide, saccharide that can be modified to have a variety of different functions. It can be used as a building block for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. 3'-sialyl Lewis X-sp-biotin is also used in the production of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins.

Cholesterol b-D-glucoside is a modified cholesterol that has been fluorinated and methylated. It is a complex carbohydrate that can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. Cholesterol b-D-glucoside is soluble in water, alcohols, and ethers and is insoluble in chloroform. The CAS number for Cholesterol b-D-glucoside 7073-61-2. This product is available for custom synthesis, which means it can be made to order with the specifications you need.

Lewis B tetrasaccharide-sp-biotin is a high purity, custom synthesis of saccharides. The saccharide is modified with a Click modification and fluorination. Glycosylation, methylation, and other modifications are also present in this product. Lewis B tetrasaccharide-sp-biotin is used in research for the glycosylation of proteins and to study carbohydrate binding proteins.

6-Deoxy-6-iodo-a-cyclodextrin is a cavity-forming agent that is used in the treatment of dental cavities. It has been shown to be effective against Streptococcus mutans and is less toxic than other cavity treatments. 6-Deoxy-6-iodo-a-cyclodextrin also has phosphorescence and can be used as a fluorescent tracer. This molecule has been shown to form complexes with 3-bromoquinoline, which are good substrates for cyclodextrin synthesis. In addition, it reacts with 6-bromo2 naphthol to form a complex that includes an electron donor and an electron acceptor. The complex absorbs light at wavelengths of 400 nm or more and emits light at wavelengths of 500 nm or less, making it useful for luminescent imaging systems.

S-(-)-Perillyl alcohol glucoside is a glycoconjugate that has been shown to inhibit β-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. It is used in the treatment of cancers, such as colorectal cancer, by inhibiting glucose uptake into cells. S-(-)-Perillyl alcohol glucoside may also have anticancer effects by inhibiting glucose transporters and caspases.

Intermediate for β-glucosides; potential PET surface modification reagent

Applications N,N-[Iminobis(trimethylene)]bis-D-gluconamide (cas# 86303-20-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

UDP-2-ketopropyl-a-D-galactose is a synthetic compound that belongs to the group of oligosaccharides. It is an excellent candidate for glycosylation, methylation, and click modification. The product has a CAS number, which provides high purity and custom synthesis. The product is also a complex carbohydrate with a variety of modifications.

Used for studies of the D-lactose pathway by non-invasive techniques, using ¹â¹F-NMR spectroscopy or positron emission from the ¹âžF-labeled compound.

(2R,4R)-2-[D-Xylo-tetrahydroxybut-1-yl]-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid is a methylated saccharide that has been modified by the click chemistry method. It is a synthetic product with high purity and good quality. This compound can be used for glycosylation and oligosaccharide synthesis. (2R,4R)-2-[D-Xylo-tetrahydroxybut-1-yl]-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid has CAS No. 110270-19-4 and can be found in complex carbohydrates in nature.

1,5-α-L-Arabinohexaose is a carbohydrate. It is a nonreducing sugar that can be found in plants. 1,5-α-L-Arabinohexaose has an optimum pH of 5 and an ethanol concentration of 0.02%. The enzyme form of 1,5-α-L-Arabinohexaose is α-(1→6)-glycosidase. This enzyme hydrolyzes the α-(1→6) glycosidic bond between two glucose residues in a polysaccharide chain to produce β-(1→4) bonds. It also hydrolyzes the β-(1→4) glycosidic bond between two galactose residues to produce β-(1→2) bonds and oxidizes the terminal carbon atom to produce aldehyde products.
A structural analysis of this carbohydrate was conducted using marine microorganisms and it was found that they contain galacturonic acid and sugar residues

1,3:1,4 b-Glucotriose (A) is a custom synthesis that is available with a purity of ≥98%. It is a fluorinated polysaccharide with a complex structure that can be modified to produce different variations. The methylation status of the compound can be customized as well. This product is an oligosaccharide and polysaccharide sugar that contains one glucose unit. It has been synthesized from the monosaccharide sugar and it can be used for chemical modification or for research purposes.