Glycosciences

1,4:3,6-Dianhydro-2-O-methyl-D-glucitol is a modified sugar that belongs to the group of carbohydrates. It is synthesized by the modification of 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-diO-methyl D glucitol with methyl iodide and sodium methoxide. The compound is used in pharmaceuticals as an excipient and in cosmetics as a moisturizer. It has been shown to be effective against influenza A virus.

Nicotine-N-b-D-glucuronide hydrate is a metabolite of nicotine that is excreted in the urine as an organic anion. It has been shown to have anticancer activity against a variety of human cancer cell lines, including lung, stomach, colon, and prostate. Nicotine-N-b-D-glucuronide hydrate has also been shown to inhibit protein synthesis in vitro by interfering with the ability of cells to import amino acids such as tryptophan and phenylalanine. The same study also showed that this metabolite can cause symptoms similar to those caused by nicotine withdrawal.

N-Boc-1,5-imino-D-glucitol is a complex carbohydrate that is synthesized by the N-Boc protection group. It is an oligosaccharide with a molecular weight of about 190 daltons and it can be modified at the C1 position to produce various saccharides. N-Boc-1,5-imino-D-glucitol has been shown to be effective as a glycosylation agent for protein modification and for its ability to form stable complexes with other complex carbohydrates. This compound has also been used in the synthesis of polysaccharides and as a fluorination reagent.

1-Deoxy-L-ribose is a metabolite of acetone. It is a monosaccharide that contains one less oxygen atom than its parent compound. 1-Deoxy-L-ribose is found in the urine and blood of humans and animals. In animals, it can be synthesized from glucose by the enzyme ribose 1-phosphate reductase. This reaction requires an energy source such as ATP or NADH to reduce ribose 1,5-bisphosphate to 1,4-dihydroxyacetone phosphate, which then undergoes spontaneous dehydration to form 1-deoxy-D-ribose.

A disaccharide

4-Aminobutyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a methylated saccharide that is also a glycosylation reaction product of 4-aminobutyl b-D-galactopyranoside. It has been modified with Click chemistry and fluorinated for use in carbohydrate research, including glycoprotein synthesis, carbohydrate modification, and oligosaccharide synthesis. 4-Aminobutyl b-D-galactopyranoside has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of the enzyme aminoglycoside adenyltransferase 1 (AGT1), which is involved in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. This compound has been used as a model for glycosylation reactions as it contains both an amino and sugar moiety.

D-Ribose-2,3,4,5-13C4 is a complex carbohydrate with saccharide units. It is synthesized by the chemical modification of D-ribose. This product can be used to modify or methylate glucose and other carbohydrates. It has been shown to inhibit the formation of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease, which may be due to its ability to reduce nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species levels. The purity of this product is at least 98%.

2-Hydroxyimipramine b-D-glucuronide is a custom synthesis, modification, and fluorination of the drug 2-hydroxyimipramine. The methyl group from the molecule is replaced with a fluoro group. This modification leads to a new compound with improved pharmacokinetic properties. The new compound also has glycosylation sites on the sugar ring that are not present in the parent drug. This modification may lead to an increase in the therapeutic efficacy of 2-hydroxyimipramine b-D-glucuronide as it interacts with other drugs and increases their bioavailability.

2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-L-[UL-13C]fucose is a modified sugar molecule used in various scientific applications, particularly in glycobiology and drug development.  It's used to study fucose-containing glycans, enzyme interactions, metabolic pathways, and glycoengineering. For instance, it can be incorporated into proteins to investigate the effects of fucose modifications on their function or used to develop drugs targeting fucose-metabolizing enzymes

D-Allose is a sugar that is modified with a fluorine atom at position 6. This modification can be used to trace the origin of D-allose in complex carbohydrates such as glycogen and glycosylated proteins. The addition of a 13C6 atom allows for the identification of this sugar through mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis.

This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.

Shortest chain oligosaccharide that can be classified as a maltodextrin. A component of liquid glucose (a commercial sweetener composed of glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetrose).

4-Deoxy-l-fucose is a molecule that has been found to inhibit the synthesis of gangliosides. It is an acetylated derivative of l-fucose and can be synthesized from ethyl 4-deoxy-D-glucuronate with the help of a multivorans enzyme. This molecule is metabolically unstable and reacts with oxygen to form a divalent alcohol that can be identified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 4-Deoxy-l-fucose inhibits the biosynthesis of gangliosides, which are important molecules in cell signaling, through its ability to inhibit enzymes such as acetyltransferase.

3'-a-Sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine sodium salt is a high purity, custom synthesis sugar. It has been modified with fluorination, glycosylation, and methylation to provide the desired properties. This product is also available in other forms such as monosaccharide and saccharide. 3'-a-Sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine sodium salt can be used in various applications including Click modification, fluoroamination, glycosylation, carbonylation and methylation. CAS No. 350697-53-9

2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-6-a-O-sialyl-D-galactopyranose is a monosaccharide that is synthesized from D-galactose and acetamide. It has a molecular weight of 388.13 and an empirical formula of C8H14N2O4. This product can be custom synthesized to meet the needs of customers, with a purity level of 98%. 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-6-a-O-sialyl--D--galactopyranose is used in glycosylation reactions, as well as in the synthesis of oligosaccharides, sugar and saccharide derivatives. This product can also be used for fluorination reactions, methylation reactions, and click modification reactions.

Glucose pentaacetate is a form of glucose that reacts with boron trifluoride etherate to produce anomers. This process can be used to synthesize the anomeric form of glucose, which is important for the biosynthesis of glycosides. Glucose pentaacetate has been shown to react with nitrate and trifluoride, forming conjugates with aluminum and chloride. The catalytic stereocontrol of this reaction allows for the production of disaccharides without hydrogen chloride or formylation.

2-C-Methyl-D-arabono-1,4-lactone is a synthetic sugar that can be custom synthesized to order. This product is fluorinated and methylated, which allows for the modification of any desired position. The product is also an oligosaccharide with a high purity and can be modified using click chemistry. 2-C-Methyl-D-arabono-1,4-lactone can be used as a sugar in glycosylation reactions or as a polysaccharide in complex carbohydrate synthesis.

Dyed and soluble azo-xyloglucan (tamarind) is used for the measurement of enzyme activity, research, biochemical enzyme assays and in vitro diagnostic analysis.  It is a soluble chromogenic substrate for the assaying of endo-cellulase.

Psicose diacetonide is a synthetic, custom-synthesized carbohydrate. It is a complex carbohydrate that is made of saccharides and has been modified to have a fluorinated monosaccharide. Psicose diacetonide is an oligosaccharide with a high purity and has been methylated and glycosylated.

Anthracycline antibiotic with potent anti-tumoral activity. The compound interferes with DNA replication and RNA transcription since it intercalates between the base pairs of nucleic acids. It also inhibits the topoisomerase II, proteasome and generates free radicals, which leads to cell death of treated cells. Moreover, daunorubicin triggers apoptosis trough the stimulation of ceramide synthesis. It has been used as chemotherapy agent for the treatment of myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL).

Ivermectin monosaccharide is a molecule that has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the uptake of glucose by cyathostomes. This molecule does not bind to inulin, but it does bind to the receptor binding site for ivermectin. Ivermectin monosaccharide has been shown to have a high affinity for the receptor binding site and can be used as an alternative method for detecting low concentrations of ivermectin.

α-6⁴-6³-Di-galactosyl-mannopentaose is a specialized oligosaccharide, which is a type of complex carbohydrate. This compound is derived from natural plant sources and its structure comprises a mannopentaose core linked with two galactose units. The mode of action involves specific interactions with gut microbiota, where it selectively enriches beneficial bacterial populations, such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. These interactions occur by serving as a fermentation substrate, promoting the growth of microbes that confer beneficial effects on host health.

4-Epi-daunosamine is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. It binds to the cell wall of these bacteria and inhibits the synthesis of new cell walls. This causes the cells to burst and die, which leads to bacterial death. 4-Epi-daunosamine has been shown to be effective against animal pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Clostridium perfringens. 4-Epi-daunosamine also has a low level of toxicity in humans, but can cause adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting if taken in large doses.

D-ribulose-5-phosphate sodium is a nucleotide sugar that is one of the ribonucleotides, which are fundamental components of RNA. D-ribulose 5-phosphate sodium has been shown to be an intermediate in the metabolism of ribulose and catalyzes the oxidation of d-arabinose. This enzyme also catalyses the synthesis of fatty acids and participates in reactions involving glycerolipids and phospholipids. The reaction mechanism involves a double displacement with simultaneous attack by a water molecule on C2' and C3'. When deuterium is present, it affects the rate of these reactions in a way that depends on the orientation of the substrate to the enzyme.

2-Amino-2,3,5-trideoxy-3-methyl-L-arabinonic acid-gamma-lactone hydrochloride is a lipid biosynthesis inhibitor that blocks the first step of this pathway by inhibiting the enzyme d-arabinose 4,5-diphosphate aldolase. This compound inhibits bacterial growth and leads to cell lysis. It has been shown to be active against cryptococcus neoformans and Candida neopformans. 2AADL has also been shown to inhibit the production of cell wall polysaccharides in C. neoformans and other fungi. 2AADL is thought to bind to the cell membrane through its alcohol group, which may lead to changes in the redox potential of the cells.

b-D-Thioglucose sodium salt hydrate is a complex carbohydrate that is used as an intermediate for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It is also used in the modification of saccharide chains, such as glycosylation, and for the preparation of fluorinated carbohydrates. b-D-Thioglucose sodium salt hydrate is high purity, with no detectable impurities or degradation products. It has been modified with fluorine to form a new chemical entity that has not been previously described in the literature.

Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It is used by mouth for constipation and either by mouth or in the rectum for hepatic encephalopathy. It generally begins working after 8-12 hours, but may take up to 2 days to improve constipation.

D-Xylulose 5-phosphate sodium salt is a synthetic monosaccharide that can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and complex carbohydrates. It is also used in glycosylation reactions. D-Xylulose 5-phosphate sodium salt has been fluorinated to provide better stability and solubility. The compound has a molecular weight of 206.06 g/mol and a CAS number of 105931-44-0. This product is available for custom synthesis upon request.

Momordicoside I aglycone is a compound that has been extracted from the roots of Momordica grosvenori. It is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme cyclooxygenase and has been shown to have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities in mice.

Please enquire for more information about 1,3-o-Dibenzyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine 4,6-diacetate including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Glcnacβ(1-2)man-α-ethylazide is a modified oligosaccharide that has been synthesized from the sugar GlcNAcβ(1-2)mannose. It is a complex carbohydrate with a high purity, which can be used as a custom synthesis. The synthesis of this product involves fluorination and saccharide methylation. The CAS number for this product is 1858224-15-3.

Consumed in large amounts around the world as a food ingredient. Other applications of sucrose include its use in surfactants (esters), polyurethanes (polyols), plastics (alkyds) to produce dextrans (Leuconostoc mesenteroides fermentation) and ethanol (Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation).

Please enquire for more information about 1,5-α-L-Arabinooctaose including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Mirabegron is a drug that is used to treat overactive bladder. Mirabegron N-glucuronide is the major metabolite of mirabegron, which has been shown to be excreted in urine. This metabolite can be detected using a validated assay and can be measured using a mass spectrometer. The concentration of mirabegron N-glucuronide in the blood sample was measured at various timepoints after administration of mirabegron. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in humans and human liver tissue, giving information on how long it takes for the drug to reach its maximum concentration in the body and how long it stays there before being eliminated.

Phenyl a-L-thiorhamnopyranoside is a monosaccharide that is synthesized by the methylation of alpha-D-glucose. It is a custom synthesis that is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and sugar drugs. Phenyl a-L-thiorhamnopyranoside can be fluorinated to create an active form that has antibacterial activity. This compound has shown no signs of toxicity in animal studies and has been used as a food additive.

Topiramate didesacetal impurity is a Custom synthesis, Modification, Fluorination, Methylation, Monosaccharide, Synthetic compound. It is used in the production of saccharides and polysaccharides. The Carbohydrate has a variety of uses including food additives and sweeteners.

Please enquire for more information about Hydroxyethyl Starch (HES) 450/0.7 including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Thiamine galactoside is a custom synthesis of a monosaccharide. It is modified with fluorination, methylation and saccharide. The resulting product has a molecular weight of 578.08 g/mol and the chemical formula C24H34N6O18S2.

1,2,3,5,6-Penta-O-propanoyl-b-D-glucofuranose is a methylated sugar. It is a polysaccharide consisting of 1,2,3,5,6-penta-O-propanoyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl units linked by β-(1→4)-glycosidic bonds. This carbohydrate can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycosylation reactions. 1,2,3,5,6-Penta-O-propanoyl b -D -glucofuranose has been fluorinated to give pentafluorobenzoyl b -D -glucofuranose which is used for click modification.

Dodecyl a-D-glucopyranoside is a fatty acid that is found in the form of dodecyl glucoside. It has been shown to be effective against infectious diseases, such as pneumococcal infections and influenza. Dodecyl a-D-glucopyranoside inhibits bacterial growth by preventing the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, which are important for the cell wall structure of Gram-negative bacteria. Dodecyl a-D-glucopyranoside also inhibits monoclonal antibody production, which may be due to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis. In addition, dodecyl a-D-glucopyranoside is used as an adjuvant in vaccines against autoimmune diseases.

1,2-Dichloro-1,2-dideoxy-myo-inositol is a methylated saccharide. It is used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates and can be modified to include fluorine atoms. 1,2-Dichloro-1,2-dideoxy-myo-inositol has been shown to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens.

Methyl a-D-altropyranoside is an electrolyte solution that is used for the stabilization and selective separation of glycosides. It has been shown to be effective at diagnosing bacterial infections by selectively binding to glycosylated nucleotides. The methyl group on the molecule is necessary for this function, and therefore it cannot act as a glycosylated nucleotide in its own right. Methyl a-D-altropyranoside may be used to synthesize nucleotides with axial or equatorial configurations, which are not usually found in nature. The yields of these sequences can be increased using this compound.

3'-Sialyllactose-APD-HSA is a complex carbohydrate with Oligosaccharide and Polysaccharide. It is a modification of saccharides, which are composed of monosaccharides or simple sugars. 3'-Sialyllactose-APD-HSA is a synthetic compound that has been modified by the addition of fluorine atoms to the sugar molecule. This modification prevents the sugar from being broken down by enzymes in the body and ensures that it remains intact until it reaches its target site. 3'-Sialyllactose-APD-HSA is used as a drug delivery system for cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin and paclitaxel.

Glcnacβ(1-3)GalNAc-α-Thr is a polysaccharide that is found in the human body, which is a complex carbohydrate. It is an oligosaccharide modification of galactose and alpha-threonine. Glcnacβ(1-3)GalNAc-α-Thr can be custom synthesized to order with high purity and monosaccharide content. This product is used for research purposes and has not been approved for therapeutic use. The CAS number for this compound is 286959-52-2.