Antimicrobiens

<p>Anthelmintic; inhibitor of tubulin polymerization</p>

<p>Netropsin dihydrochloride is a pyrrole-amidine antibiotic with action on AT-rich sequences of DNA to inhibit replication and is used for research on DNA-binding properties and antiviral activity.</p>

<p>Torezolid (Tedizolid) is an oxazolidinone antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and is used for treating acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.</p>

<p>Cefpodoxime proxetil is a prodrug of cefpodoxime with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating bacterial infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and gonorrhea.</p>

<p>Natural diterpene; anti-microbial</p>

<p>Gamithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis and is used for treating respiratory infections in cattle, pigs, and sheep.</p>

<p>Herbicidin K is a naturally derived herbicide, known for its biological origin from microbial fermentation processes. It is primarily sourced from certain strains of Streptomyces, a genus of Gram-positive bacteria notable for their diverse secondary metabolites. The mode of action of Herbicidin K involves the inhibition of key enzymatic pathways within target plants, leading to the disruption of cellular functions and ultimately plant death. This selectivity is particularly effective against broadleaf weeds, providing a targeted approach to weed management.</p>

<p>Griselimycin is an antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterial genus *Streptomyces*. This compound exhibits its mode of action by targeting bacterial protein synthesis, specifically binding to the DNA polymerase sliding clamp, thereby inhibiting replication and cell division in a range of bacterial pathogens. Griselimycin has been the focus of renewed scientific interest due to its potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including multi-drug-resistant strains. The compound’s unique mode of action makes it a promising candidate for further development in the treatment of tuberculosis and potentially other bacterial infections that have developed resistance to more commonly used antibiotics. Advances in understanding its biosynthesis have facilitated semi-synthetic modifications, potentially enhancing its pharmacokinetic properties and antimicrobial spectrum. The applications of Griselimycin extend to research contexts where understanding resistance mechanisms and novel antibiotic development are critical. Continued exploration of this compound may contribute significantly to addressing the global challenge of antibiotic resistance.</p>

<p>Rifapentine is a rifamycin antibiotic with action on bacterial RNA polymerase to inhibit transcription and is used for treating active and latent tuberculosis.</p>

<p>Dihydrostreptomycin sesquisulfate, EP is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, structurally derived from Streptomyces griseus. This compound originates from microbial biosynthesis, a method which harnesses the natural antibiotic-producing capabilities of microbial cultures. The mode of action of dihydrostreptomycin sesquisulfate involves binding to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which interrupts the process of protein synthesis, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.</p>

<p>A fluoroquinolone antibiotic which inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by targeting the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. This second-generation fluoroquinolone has a broad spectrum of action and is more effective against Gram-negative bacteria.</p>

<p>Cephalothin sodium is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating bacterial infections such as respiratory tract infections and skin infections.</p>

<p>Benethamine penicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic, which is a semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin. It is sourced from the modification of naturally occurring penicillin compounds, typically produced through the fermentation of Penicillium mold cultures. Benethamine penicillin operates by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It targets the penicillin-binding proteins within bacterial cell membranes, disrupting peptidoglycan cross-linking, which is essential for cell wall structural integrity. This leads to cell lysis and death in susceptible bacteria.</p>

<p>Pimodivir is a non-nucleoside-derived inhibitor of the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit found in the polymerase complex of the influenza A virus. In general, pimodivir is indicated for the treatment of patients with severe influenza although knowledge about possible rise of resistance is not available.</p>

<p>Meropenem trihydrate has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as, some mycoplasma species. It inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (PBP), which impairs cell wall integrity, induces the formation of reactive oxygen species, and inhibits macromolecular synthesis in bacteria. It can be used to prevent bacterial growth after being exposed to meropenem through fluorescence imaging of human blood plasma. Meropenem trihydrate research studies showed a reduction of the allergen levels in patients with respiratory allergies or asthma, specifically dust mites, cockroaches, animal dander, pollen grains, etc. by inhibit allergen-induced sensitization of mast cells.</p>

<p>Temocillin disodium is a beta-lactamase-resistant penicillin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of protein synthesis; aminocyclitol class</p>

<p>Orbifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and is used for treating bacterial infections in veterinary medicine.</p>

<p>Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used to treat breast, ovarian and pancreatic cancers. It is an antitumor antibiotic that inhibits DNA topoisomerase II. DOX interferes with the topoisomerase II-mediated repair of DNA causing accumulation of mutations. It also leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further damage DNA as well as proteins and membranes. However, the compound presents with a risk of developing cardiomyopathy as well as drug resistance. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin has also been developed to treat breast and ovarian cancers, myeloma, and HIV-related Kaposi’s sarcoma.</p>

<p>Cefotaxime sodium is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, which is a semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C obtained from the mold Acremonium. This compound functions by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, which it achieves through binding to and deactivating penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. This action prevents the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains, leading to cell lysis and bacterial death, primarily affecting rapidly dividing cells.</p>