Antimicrobiens

Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic that is used for the treatment of bacterial infections in different locations such as the skin, soft tissue and respiratory tract. This drug works by inhibiting mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. As a result, bacteria will produce defective cell walls leading to cell death.

Streptomycin sulfate is an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of bacteria by binding to the ribosomal subunit and interfering with protein synthesis. It is used in culture media for the production of human antibodies as well as in drug therapy for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus. Streptomycin sulfate has a high specific activity and low sensitivity, but it also has a low solubility in water. The active form of streptomycin sulfate is streptomycin A, which is produced by the addition of a phenyl ring to neomycin sulfate. In plant roots, streptomycin sulfate inhibits cyanogenic glycosides from being hydrolyzed into hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and benzaldehyde.

Sitafloxacin sesquihydrate is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and is used for treating respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal infections.

Tenofovir diphosphate triethylamine (mixture of diastereomers) is an antiviral compound, which is a synthetic chemical product derived from the parent compound, tenofovir. This formulation includes a mixture of diastereomers to enhance its solubility and bioavailability. The compound primarily functions as a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). It targets viral reverse transcriptase enzymes, inhibiting DNA synthesis and subsequent viral replication by causing premature chain termination.

Anti-viral; non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Antibiotic of anthracycline class; DNA synthesis inhibitor

Enrofloxacin is a rapidly bactericidal antibiotic, that inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and blocking protein synthesis, thereby preventing the bacteria from making new proteins. Enrofloxacin also has strong activity against gram-positive bacteria, including Clostridium perfringens which is an anaerobic bacterium that causes food-borne illness. This antibiotic is used for the treatment of acute bacterial infections in humans, such as, skin or soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs) and septicemia (bloodstream infection). Enrofloxacin has shown excellent bioavailability with high serum protein binding capacity. Additionally, it has good efficacy against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Enrofloxacin can be used effective in treatments for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species.

Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and Lyme disease.

Antibiotic of fluoroquinolone class; DNA replication inhibitor

Cefuroxime axetil is a prodrug of cefuroxime with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating bacterial infections like sinusitis, bronchitis, and gonorrhea.

Clofazimine is a phenazine dye antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA interference and is used for treating leprosy and erythema nodosum leprosum.

25-Desacetylrifampin is the main metabolite of rifampicin, used in the treatment of tuberculosis. 25-Desacetylrifampin has partial actvity.

Inhibitor of protein synthesis; macrolide class

6-Fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide is a potent RNA polymerase inhibitor, active against both RNA viruses in vitro and in vivo. A four-step approach to the synthesis of 6-Fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide was reported in 2014. 6-Fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide is commercialized and has recently been suggested for the treatment of mild cases of COVID-19.

Cidofovir is an anti-viral agent that is used to treat Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients with AIDS. This drug suppresses CMV replication by inhibiting viral DNA synthesis.

Fenbendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic with action on microtubule formation in parasites and is used for treating gastrointestinal parasites in animals.

Erythromycin thiocyanate is a macrolide antibiotic derivative with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for research and pharmaceutical applications.