Antiviraux

<p>Impurity Oseltamivir EP Impurity D<br>Applications 4-Acetylamino-3-hydroxybenzoic Acid Ethyl Ester (Oseltamivir EP Impurity D) is an impurity in the antiviral drug Oseltamivir (O700100).<br></p>

<p>Applications Elenolic Acid is an antiviral agent that inhibits reverse transcriptases, inhibited the growth of chicken embryo fibroblast cells as well as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis strains.<br>References Heinze, J.E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 8, 421 (1975); Renis, H,E..: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 8, 149 (1975)<br></p>

<p>Saquinavir is a HIV protease inhibitor drug that is used with other antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV-1. As this drug prevents HIV protease activity, it prevents the proteolysis of the Gag polyprotein and thus results in non-infectious virus particles.</p>

<p>Famciclovir is a guanosine analogue antiviral agent that is used for the treatment of various herpesvirus infections, most commonly for herpes zoster. It works by inhibiting the replication of the herpes virus. Famciclovir prevents viral DNA synthesis by inhibiting the viral DNA polymerase and by blocking viral DNA replication. Its active form is penciclovir.</p>

<p>Selective and potent inhibitor of sialidases (neuraminidases) in influenza A and B viruses. The compound binds tightly to the viral neuraminidase active site in late stages of viral life-cycle. It inhibits shedding sialic acids from host cell surface glycans, which interact with viral hemagglutinin, and consequently prevents release of new viral particles from the host cell surface.</p>

<p>Raltegravir is an antiretroviral agent used for the treatment of HIV infections in conjunction with other antiretrovirals. It inhibits the activity of HIV-1 integrase, which impedes the insertion of HIV-1 DNA into the host cell genome. Raltegravir also inhibits resistant mutants of HIV-1 that are associated with disease activity and progression.</p>

<p>Filociclovir is a novel antiviral agent, which is synthesized from small-molecule pharmaceutical compounds. It functions primarily by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase, thereby halting viral replication within infected host cells. This mechanism of action is particularly effective against certain herpesviruses, as it targets the polymerase enzyme that is critical for viral DNA synthesis and proliferation.</p>

<p>Ganciclovir is an acyclovir analog that is used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus and herpetic keratitis of the eye. This drug is a DNA polymerase inhibitor and exhibits its anti-viral properties by inhibiting viral replication.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of viral neuraminidase enzyme, effective against influenza A and B viruses. This antiviral compound inhibits neuraminidase-mediated cleavage of host cell sialic acids, which interact with newly synthesised virions from the host cell. This prevents virion budding from the host, resulting in inhibition of virion release and viral infection overall.</p>

<p>Raltegravir is an antiretroviral agent, which is a synthetic integrase inhibitor sourced from pharmaceutical research. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of the HIV-1 integrase enzyme, which is essential for the viral replication process. By blocking the strand transfer step of the integration of viral DNA into the host cell genome, Raltegravir prevents the proliferation of the virus within the host.</p>

<p>A compound with antiviral activity against Ebola virus that targets the surface-exposed glycoprotein and inhibits viral entry into host cells. In vitro studies in Vero cells revealed the compound inhibits the viral replication with EC50 of 0.38 µM.</p>

<p>Abacavir sulfate is an antiviral drug that belongs to the class of HIV protease inhibitors. It is used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV-1 infection. Abacavir sulfate inhibits viral replication by blocking the activity of HIV-1 protease, which is necessary for the production of new virus particles.<br>Abacavir sulfate is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready to use products for assay development, screening or other R&amp;D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.</p>

<p>Fosamprenavir calcium is an antiretroviral medication, which is derived from the prodrug of amprenavir. It is synthesized through chemical processes to enhance oral bioavailability and improve pharmacokinetic properties. Through its mode of action, fosamprenavir is converted in vivo to amprenavir, which acts as an inhibitor of the HIV-1 protease enzyme. By inhibiting this enzyme, it prevents the cleavage of the Gag-Pol polyprotein, disrupting viral replication and processing, ultimately leading to the production of immature, non-infectious viral particles.</p>

<p>Anti-viral; capsid inhibitor</p>

<p>Anti-viral; HIV integrase inhibitor</p>

<p>Valacyclovir is a guanine nucleoside antiviral drug that is used to treat herpes exacerbations. This drug inhibits DNA polymerase and prevents viral DNA synthesis. Valacyclovir is the L-valine ester of acyclovir.</p>

<p>BMS 806 is an antiretroviral agent and is used for the treatment of HIV. It inhibits the fusion of the HIV virus with the host cell membrane.</p>

<p>PI4KIII beta inhibitor</p>

<p>Chemically derived from ritonavir, Lopinavir belongs to the amphetamines. Lopinavir is clinically used in the prevention and treatment of HIV infections as it acts as HIV-1 protease inhibitor. In 2020, lopinavir was tested to treat COVID-19 patients and although it led to a higher rate of gastrointestinal side effects, the Lopinavir-treated group had a lower incidence of severe complications. Overall it was deemed not to work as a treatment.</p>

<p>Darunavir is a HIV-1 protease inhibitor used orally in the treatment of patients with multi-drug resistant HIV-1 infection (Ghosh, 2007). It has also been shown to be effective against other infectious diseases such as hepatitis C virus and SARS coronavirus. Metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoenzymes, darunavir is often administered together with ritonavir that prolongs its bioavaiability, giving a terminal elimination half-life (t1/2) of 15 hours (Back, 2008). The effect of darunavir on natural compounds such as matrix proteins and toll-like receptor activity has also been studied via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) experiments.</p>

<p>Cytarabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue that is used to treat leukaemia especially, non-lymphocytic leukaemia. This drug also has anti-viral and immunosuppressant properties. Cytarabine is cytotoxic and acts through direct DNA damage. Although its mechanism of action is not fully understood, it is said to inhibit DNA polymerase.</p>

<p>HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor is an antiretroviral compound with a mode of action that blocks the viral enzyme integrase, preventing the integration of viral DNA into the host genome. It is used for the treatment of HIV infection.</p>

<p>Non-nucleoside inhibitor of reverse transcriptase; anti-viral</p>

<p>Atazanavir is an antiviral protease inhibitor, used in the anti-retroviral therapy of adult and sometimes paediatric patients infected with HIV. This drug inhibits the processing of viral Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins in HIV-1 infected cells by binding to the HIV-1 protease active site.</p>

<p>Cidofovir is an anti-viral agent that is used to treat Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients with AIDS. This drug suppresses CMV replication by inhibiting viral DNA synthesis.</p>

<p>Anti-viral; HIV protease inhibitor</p>

<p>Nucleoside analog with antiviral activity against zoonotic feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus from Coronaviridae family. The compound is a pro-drug and undergoes intracellular phosphorylation resulting in the active triphosphate metabolite. The triphosphorylated GS 441524 analog competes with natural nucleoside triphosphates and interferes with viral RNA synthesis. In previous studies it was tested in vitro as well as in experimental animals and showed good safety profile.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase strand transfer; antiviral</p>

<p>Anti-viral; thymidine analogue; DNA plymerase inhibitor</p>

<p>Ritonavir is a HIV protease inhibitor. It has an anti-retroviral activity as it inhibits the protease enzymes specific of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 and has been shown to be effective in controlling virus replication in humans and animals. Ritonavir works by preventing the HIV viral protease enzyme from cleaving the structural and replicative proteins produced by HIV genes such as gag and pol.</p>

<p>Stavudine is an antiviral, reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is used to treat HIV/AIDS. It belongs to the group of nucleoside analogues of thymidine that is converted into stavudine monophosphate. Stavudine works by inhibiting viral replication by preventing the incorporation of viral dNTPs into the growing DNA chain, thus blocking DNA synthesis.</p>

<p>Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; antiviral agent against HIV</p>

<p>Viramidine is a nucleotide analogue prodrug, which is derived from naturally occurring nucleosides, specifically optimized for enhanced therapeutic profiles. Its mode of action involves conversion into ribavirin triphosphate within the body. This active form inhibits viral RNA polymerase, a critical enzyme necessary for viral replication. By disrupting the synthesis of viral RNA, Viramidine effectively reduces viral proliferation within host cells.</p>

<p>Anti-viral; HIV protease inhibitor</p>

<p>6-Fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide is a potent RNA polymerase inhibitor, active against both RNA viruses in vitro and in vivo. A four-step approach to the synthesis of 6-Fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide was reported in 2014. 6-Fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide is commercialized and has recently been suggested for the treatment of mild cases of COVID-19.</p>

<p>Dapivirine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with action on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and is used for preventing HIV infection through vaginal rings.</p>

<p>Potent and selective inhibitor of influenza A and B sialidases. Zanamivir belongs to the class of drugs known as neuraminidase inhibitors. This compound is a sialic acid analogue that occupies viral neuraminidase active site, inhibits enzyme’s hydrolytic activity and cleavage of sialic acid residues from host cell surface glycans. It therefore prevents shedding newly produced virions from infected cell surface and reduces infection of surrounding cells. In in vitro studies with influenza A and B virus isolates, zanamivir inhibited the plaque formation by 50% in canine cells (MDCK) with concentrations between 0.004 and 0.014 μM and 0.02 and 16 μM, respectively.<br>Zanamivir hydrate is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready to use products for assay development, screening or other R&amp;D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.</p>

<p>Dasabuvir is a non-nucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitor with action on hepatitis C virus RNA replication and is used for treating hepatitis C in combination therapies.</p>

<p>Anti-viral; NS3/4A protease inhibitor</p>

<p>N-Boc-protected -Guanidino Oseltamivir is a fine chemical that belongs to the group of versatile building blocks. It is a complex compound that has been used in research as a reagent and speciality chemical. N-Boc-protected -Guanidino Oseltamivir is an important intermediate for the synthesis of a variety of useful compounds, such as pharmaceuticals and natural products. This compound is also used as a reaction component in organic syntheses, especially for the preparation of high quality and useful scaffolds.</p>

<p>Anti-viral; inhibitor of cytomegalovirus-terminase complex</p>

<p>Anti-viral; inhibitor of NS5A protein</p>

<p>Ledipasvir D-tartrate is an antiviral compound, which is a direct-acting antiviral agent used in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. It originates from synthetic sources designed to inhibit the replication of specific viral proteins. Ledipasvir functions by targeting the NS5A protein of the hepatitis C virus, a key component necessary for viral replication. By binding to this protein, Ledipasvir disrupts and inhibits the HCV replication complex, effectively suppressing the viral load in patients.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of viral neuraminidase enzyme, effective against influenza A and B viruses. This antiviral compound inhibits neuraminidase-mediated cleavage of host cell sialic acids, which interact with newly synthesised virions from the host cell. This prevents virion budding from the host, resulting in inhibition of virion release and viral infection overall.</p>

<p>Ombitasvir is a NS5A inhibitor antiviral agent with action on hepatitis C virus replication and is used for treating chronic hepatitis C in combination therapies.</p>

<p>Anti-viral; HIV protease inhibitor</p>

<p>Zalcitabine (also known as dideoxycytidine or ddC) is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) medication used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. It works by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme essential for replication of the HIV virus, thereby preventing the virus from multiplying and spreading. Zalcitabine is often used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs to effectively treat HIV/AIDS.</p>

<p>Potent inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase called non-structural protein 5B (NS5B). This nucleotide analog is effective against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection since it inhibits viral RNA replication. Sofosbuvir is a prodrug and gets triphosphorylated in the liver cells, generating biologically active compound with anti-viral activity.</p>

<p>Anti-viral; RNA polymerase inhibitor; sofosbuvir metabolite</p>

<p>Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; anti-Hepatitis B virus</p>