Sels biliaires

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a bile acid derivative, which is synthesized endogenously in the human body as a liver metabolite. It originates from the conjugation of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) with taurine, which enhances its solubility and biological activity. TUDCA functions primarily by inhibiting apoptosis and reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress within cells. It achieves this by mitigating the accumulation of misfolded proteins and enhancing proper protein folding, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Glycohyodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid derivative, which is synthesized from hyodeoxycholic acid in the liver. It is a naturally occurring compound found in certain animal sources, particularly in the bile of pigs. The mode of action of glycohyodeoxycholic acid involves its role in the emulsification and absorption of dietary fats, contributing to the digestion process. Additionally, as a bile acid, it is involved in cholesterol metabolism and regulation within the liver.

Chenodeoxycholic acid is a human primary bile acid which is also found the bile of geese. Its C-7 epimer, Ursodeoxycholic acid is found in bear’s bile. Both bile acids are used for the treatment of gallstones, although Ursodeoxycholic acid has shown superior efficacy (bear’s bile extracts are also used in Chinese medicine).

Ursodeoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid, which is derived from the metabolism of primary bile acids by intestinal bacteria. It modifies the composition of bile and reduces the absorption of cholesterol in the gastrointestinal tract by decreasing the cholesterol saturation of bile. This leads to a solubilization of cholesterol gallstones, making it an essential therapeutic agent in the management of cholesterol gallstone disease.

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid derivative, which is a conjugated form of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is sourced from the bile of mammals, specifically as a conjugate of taurine and chenodeoxycholic acid. This compound participates in the emulsification of dietary fats, which is crucial for lipid digestion and absorption. Additionally, it contributes to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis by modulating bile acid pool sizes and is involved in signaling pathways that affect lipid metabolism.

Glycoursodeoxycholic acid sodium salt is a synthetic bile acid derivative, which is the sodium salt form of glycoursodeoxycholic acid. It originates from the conjugation of ursodeoxycholic acid with glycine, forming a bile acid with enhanced solubility and potential hepatoprotective properties. Its mode of action involves modulation of bile acid pools and the stabilization of hepatocyte membranes, possibly reducing cytotoxic bile acids and improving liver function.

Allodeoxycholic acid is a synthetic bile acid, which is derived from the chemical modification of naturally occurring bile acids. These compounds are typically sourced from biological transformations or chemical synthesis, allowing precise structural alterations that enhance their therapeutic properties.

Isodeoxycholic acid is a synthetic bile acid, which is a chemically modified derivative of naturally occurring bile acids. Its mode of action involves modulation of bile acid composition, which may aid in reducing bile toxicity and promoting liver health. The compound functions by interfering with the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, potentially leading to increased bile flow and enhanced liver function.