Chalcones

Loureirin A has an inhibitory effect on platelet activation, perhaps through an impairment of PI3K/Akt signaling. Loureirin A activates Wnt/-catenin pathway and promotes hair follicle stem cells (FSCs)-seeded tissue-engineered skin to repair skin wound.The molecular mechanism of Loureirin A and Wnt signaling pathway mediated anti- hepatic fibrosis and anti- angiogenesis may involve down- regulation the expression of Frizzled- 4,inhibiting the synthesis and secretion of α- SMA,TGF- β1and the proliferation of HSCs.

Cardamonin is a naturally occurring chalcone with strong anti-inflammatory , anticancer, anti-melanogenesis, and vascular activity. It is a novel TRPA1 antagonist with IC50 of 454 nM and also a NF-kB inhibitor. It ameliorates insulin resistance induced by high insulin and high glucose through the mTOR and signal pathway. It also may be a potential whitening agent for use in cosmetics and in the medical treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), isolated from the dried flower of Carthamus tinctorius L. , which is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cirrhosis, can protect against chronic carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis, might be a promising antifibrotic agent in chronic liver disease.

Loureirin B, a flavonoid extracted from Dracaena cochinchinensis, is an inhibitor of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), with an IC50 of 26.10 μM; Loureirin B also inhibits KATP, the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, and has anti-diabetic activity.Loureirin B inhibits fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition in hypertrophic scar via TGF-β/Smad pathway, loureirin B can suppress tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) voltage-gated sodium currents in a dose-dependent way.