Anticorps primaires

The protein encoded by this gene is an actin binding and bundling protein that plays a structural role in erythrocytes, by stabilizing and attaching the spectrin/actin cytoskeleton to the erythrocyte membrane in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. This protein contains a core domain in the N-terminus, and a headpiece domain in the C-terminus that binds F-actin. When purified from erythrocytes, this protein exists as a trimer composed of two 48 kDa polypeptides and a 52 kDa polypeptide. The different subunits arise from alternative splicing in the 3' coding region, where the headpiece domain is located. Disruption of this gene has been correlated with the autosomal dominant Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis disease, while loss of heterozygosity of this gene is thought to play a role in prostate cancer progression. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding di

This gene encodes an estrogen receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription. The protein localizes to the nucleus where it may form a homodimer or a heterodimer with estrogen receptor 2. Estrogen and its receptors are essential for sexual development and reproductive function, but also play a role in other tissues such as bone. Estrogen receptors are also involved in pathological processes including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and osteoporosis. Alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing result in dozens of transcript variants, but the full-length nature of many of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014],

function:Strongly activates transcription when bound to HCFC1. Suppresses the expression of HSV proteins in cells infected with the virus in a HCFC1-dependent manner. Also suppresses the HCFC1-dependent transcriptional activation by CREB3 and reduces the amount of CREB3 in the cell. Able to down-regulate expression of some cellular genes in CREBZF-expressing cells.,miscellaneous:Named Zhangfei after a legendary Chinese warrior who was contemporary with Luman in around 220 AD.,similarity:Belongs to the bZIP family. ATF subfamily.,similarity:Contains 1 bZIP domain.,subcellular location:Colocalizes at punctate nuclear structures with CREB3 and HCFC1.,subunit:Interacts with HCFC1, causing suppression of CREB3 transcriptional activity.,tissue specificity:In adults, expressed most abundantly in heart, liver and skeletal muscle, moderately abundant in kidney and pancreas, and barely detectable in lungs. In fetal tissues, expressed most abundantly in kidney and very low amounts in heart, lung and liver.,

thrombospondin 3(THBS3) Homo sapiens The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the thrombospondin family. Thrombospondin family members are adhesive glycoproteins that mediate cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. This protein forms a pentameric molecule linked by a single disulfide bond. This gene shares a common promoter with metaxin 1. Alternate splicing results in coding and non-coding transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011],

This gene encodes an RNA-binding protein that is a member of the spliceosome C complex, which functions in pre-mRNA processing and transport. The encoded protein also promotes transcription at the c-fos gene. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. There are pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 4, 11, and 10. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014],

This gene encodes a protein that appears to be a component the radial spoke head, as determined by homology to similar proteins in the biflagellate alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and other ciliates. Radial spokes, which are regularly spaced along cilia, sperm, and flagella axonemes, consist of a thin 'stalk' and a bulbous 'head' that form a signal transduction scaffold between the central pair of microtubules and dynein. Mutations in this gene cause primary ciliary dyskinesia 1, a disease arising from dysmotility of motile cilia and sperm. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009],

Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a replication-dependent histone that is a member of the histone H4 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the histone microcluster on chromosome 6p21.33. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015],

This nuclear gene encodes a multi-pass membrane protein that is targeted to the mitochondrial inner membrane. The encoded protein is an ATP-dependent transporter that may mediate the passage of organic and inorganic molecules out of the mitochondria. Loss of function of the related gene in mouse results in a disruption of iron homeostasis between the mitochondria and cytosol. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013],

The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group G. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

function:May play a role in maintaining cell pluripotentiality.,

A high concentration of glucose can result in non-enzymatic oxidation of proteins by reaction of glucose and lysine residues (glycation). Proteins modified in this way, fructosamines, are less active or functional. This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructosamines which may result in deglycation. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012],

This gene encodes a protein that binds to the polyA tail found at the 3' end of most eukaryotic mRNAs. It is thought to play a role in the regulation of mRNA metabolic processes in the cytoplasm. This gene is located in a gene-poor region within the X-specific 13d-sY43 subinterval of the chromosome Xq21.3/Yp11.2 homology block. It is located close to translocation breakpoints associated with premature ovarian failure, and is therefore a potential candidate gene for this disorder. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010],

This gene encodes pyruvate carboxylase, which requires biotin and ATP to catalyse the carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. The active enzyme is a homotetramer arranged in a tetrahedron which is located exclusively in the mitochondrial matrix. Pyruvate carboxylase is involved in gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, insulin secretion and synthesis of the neurotransmitter glutamate. Mutations in this gene have been associated with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants with different 5' UTRs, but encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

This gene encodes a member of the SLC26 gene family of anion transporters. Family members are well conserved in gene structure and protein length yet have markedly different tissue expression patterns. The expression of this gene appears to be restricted to spermatocytes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010],

disease:Defects in OSMR are the cause of amyloidosis type 9 (AMYL9) [MIM:105250]; also known as primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA), primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA), familial lichen amyloidosis or familial cutaneous lichen amyloidosis. AMYL9 is a hereditary primary amyloidosis characterized by localized cutaneous amyloid deposition. This condition usually presents with itching (especially on the lower legs) and visible changes of skin hyperpigmentation and thickening (lichenification) that may be exacerbated by chronic scratching and rubbing. The amyloid deposits probably reflect a combination of degenerate keratin filaments, serum amyloid P component, and deposition of immunoglobulins.,domain:The box 1 motif is required for JAK interaction and/or activation.,domain:The WSXWS motif appears to be necessary for proper protein folding and thereby efficient intracellular transport and cell-surface receptor binding.,function:Associates with IL31RA to form the IL31 receptor. Binds IL31 to activate STAT3 and possibly STAT1 and STAT5. Capable of transducing OSM-specific signaling events.,induction:Activated by oncostatin-M. Up-regulated by IFNG and lipopolysaccharide.,similarity:Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 2 subfamily.,similarity:Contains 4 fibronectin type-III domains.,subunit:Heterodimer composed of OSMR and IL6ST (type II OSM receptor). Heterodimer with IL31RA to form the IL31 receptor.,tissue specificity:Expressed at relatively high levels in all neural cells as well as fibroblast, epithelial and a variety of tumor cell lines.,

This gene encodes an enzyme that hydrolyzes the terminal alpha-L-iduronic acid residues of two glycosaminoglycans, dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. This hydrolysis is required for the lysosomal degradation of these glycosaminoglycans. Mutations in this gene that result in enzymatic deficiency lead to the autosomal recessive disease mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

This gene encodes a protein which is phosphorylated by insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Mutations in this gene are associated with type II diabetes and susceptibility to insulin resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009],

Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a replication-dependent histone that is a member of the histone H4 family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the histone microcluster on chromosome 6p21.33. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015],

function:Orphan receptor.,similarity:Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.,

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the HIN-200 family of interferon-inducible proteins that share a 200-amino acid signature motif at their C-termini. HIN200 proteins are primarily nuclear and are involved in transcriptional regulation of genes important for cell cycle control, differentiation, and apoptosis. Downregulation of this gene is associated with breast cancer. This protein acts as a tumor suppressor by promoting ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of MDM2, which leads to stabilization of p53/TP53. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011],

The protein encoded by this gene is one of three related synaptic vesicle proteins. The encoded protein may interact with synaptotagmin to enhance low frequency neurotransmission in quiescent neurons. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016],

This gene product is a protein tyrosine kinase involved in a specific subset of cytokine receptor signaling pathways. It has been found to be constituitively associated with the prolactin receptor and is required for responses to gamma interferon. Mice that do not express an active protein for this gene exhibit embryonic lethality associated with the absence of definitive erythropoiesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

glutamate metabotropic receptor 1(GRM1) Homo sapiens This gene encodes a metabotropic glutamate receptor that functions by activating phospholipase C. L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The canonical alpha isoform of the encoded protein is a disulfide-linked homodimer whose activity is mediated by a G-protein-coupled phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. This gene may be associated with many disease states, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and breast cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013],

This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that acts as an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway. It is also involved in other processes including cell migration and adhesion, transcriptional activation, and apoptosis. Defects in this gene cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant pre-malignant disease that usually progresses to malignancy. Disease-associated mutations tend to be clustered in a small region designated the mutation cluster region (MCR) and result in a truncated protein product. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

function:Involved in the transport of proteins between the endosomes and the trans Golgi network.,similarity:Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.,

Actin is a highly conserved protein and an essential component of cell cytoskeleton and plays an important role in cytoplasmic streaming, cell shape determination, cell division, organelle movement and extension growth. Preferentially expressed in young and expanding tissues, floral organ primordia, developing seeds and emerging inflorescence. Antibodies against plant Actin are useful as loading controls for Western Blotting

alternative products:Additional isoforms seem to exist,caution:Was originally (PubMed:7864889) thought to be nuclear.,function:Binds calmodulin in a calcium dependent manner. May function as scaffolding or signaling protein.,similarity:Belongs to the WD repeat striatin family.,similarity:Contains 6 WD repeats.,subunit:Interacts with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) .,

This gene is the putative transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus 17. It encodes a protein which is highly similar to the viral protein, and which interacts directly with specific target DNA sequences to regulate gene expression. This gene is intronless and is mapped to 1p32-p31, a chromosomal region involved in both translocations and deletions in human malignancies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

This gene reduces the metastatic potential, but not the tumorogenicity, of human breast cancer and melanoma cell lines. The protein encoded by this gene localizes primarily to the nucleus and is a component of the mSin3a family of histone deacetylase complexes (HDAC). The protein contains two coiled-coil motifs and several imperfect leucine zipper motifs. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

cell division cycle 25B(CDC25B) Homo sapiens CDC25B is a member of the CDC25 family of phosphatases. CDC25B activates the cyclin dependent kinase CDC2 by removing two phosphate groups and it is required for entry into mitosis. CDC25B shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm due to nuclear localization and nuclear export signals. The protein is nuclear in the M and G1 phases of the cell cycle and moves to the cytoplasm during S and G2. CDC25B has oncogenic properties, although its role in tumor formation has not been determined. Multiple transcript variants for this gene exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. EPH and EPH-related receptors have been implicated in mediating developmental events, particularly in the nervous system. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats. The ephrin receptors are divided into 2 groups based on the similarity of their extracellular domain sequences and their affinities for binding ephrin-A and ephrin-B ligands. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015],

docking protein 2(DOK2) Homo sapiens The protein encoded by this gene is constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated in hematopoietic progenitors isolated from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients in the chronic phase. It may be a critical substrate for p210(bcr/abl), a chimeric protein whose presence is associated with CML. This encoded protein binds p120 (RasGAP) from CML cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

catalytic activity:L-serine = D-serine.,cofactor:Pyridoxal phosphate.,function:Catalyzes the synthesis of D-serine from L-serine.,similarity:Belongs to the serine/threonine dehydratase family.,tissue specificity:Brain: expressed at high levels in hippocampus and corpus callosum, intermediate levels in substantia nigra and caudate, and low levels in amygdala, thalamus, and subthalamic nuclei. Expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney and liver.,

The protein encoded by this gene may regulate muscle-specific genes when in the nucleus and may influence intracellular trafficking when in the cytoplasm. The encoded protein functions as a homodimer and may interact with F actin. Mutations in this gene are associated with lung cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate inositol lipids and are involved in the immune response. The protein encoded by this gene is a class I catalytic subunit of PI3K. Like other class I catalytic subunits (p110-alpha p110-beta, and p110-delta), the encoded protein binds a p85 regulatory subunit to form PI3K. This gene is located in a commonly deleted segment of chromosome 7 previously identified in myeloid leukemias. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2015],

Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a replication-dependent histone that is a testis/sperm-specific member of the histone H2B family. Transcripts from this gene contain a palindromic termination element. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015],

This gene encodes the nuclear hormone receptor for vitamin D3. This receptor also functions as a receptor for the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid. The receptor belongs to the family of trans-acting transcriptional regulatory factors and shows sequence similarity to the steroid and thyroid hormone receptors. Downstream targets of this nuclear hormone receptor are principally involved in mineral metabolism though the receptor regulates a variety of other metabolic pathways, such as those involved in the immune response and cancer. Mutations in this gene are associated with type II vitamin D-resistant rickets. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the initiation codon results in an alternate translation start site three codons downstream. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011],

This gene encodes a member of the doublecortin family. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic protein and contains two doublecortin domains, which bind microtubules. In the developing cortex, cortical neurons must migrate over long distances to reach the site of their final differentiation. The encoded protein appears to direct neuronal migration by regulating the organization and stability of microtubules. In addition, the encoded protein interacts with LIS1, the regulatory gamma subunit of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase, and this interaction is important to proper microtubule function in the developing cortex. Mutations in this gene cause abnormal migration of neurons during development and disrupt the layering of the cortex, leading to epilepsy, mental retardation, subcortical band heterotopia ("double cortex" syndrome) in females and lissencephaly ("smooth brain&quo

The transport of protein and large RNAs through the nuclear pore complexes (NPC) is an energy-dependent and regulated process. The import of proteins with a nuclear localization signal (NLS) is accomplished by recognition of one or more clusters of basic amino acids by the importin-alpha/beta complex; see MIM 600685 and MIM 602738. The small GTPase RAN (MIM 601179) plays a key role in NLS-dependent protein import. RAN-binding protein-16 is a member of the importin-beta superfamily of nuclear transport receptors.[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2002],

This gene encodes a family member of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, known as PAK proteins. These proteins are critical effectors that link RhoGTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling, and they serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac. This specific family member regulates cell motility and morphology. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010],

The synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous structure that links homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis. The protein encoded by this gene is a major component of the synaptonemal complex and may bind DNA at scaffold attachment regions. The encoded protein requires synaptonemal complex protein 3, but not 1, for inclusion in the synaptonemal complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

caution:This may not be the true ortholog of mouse OASL.,function:Does not have 2'-5'-OAS activity, but binds double-stranded RNA and DNA.,induction:By interferons.,similarity:Belongs to the 2-5A synthetase family.,similarity:Contains 2 ubiquitin-like domains.,subunit:Specifically interacts with the ligand binding domain of the thyroid receptor (TR). TRIP14 does not require the presence of thyroid hormone for its interaction. Binds MBD1.,tissue specificity:Expressed in most tissues, with the highest levels in primary blood Leukocytes and other hematopoietic system tissues, colon, stomach and to some extent in testis.,

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease family. It plays an important role in mRNA cleavage and has marked specificity towards the 3' side of uridine nucleotides. Alternative splicing results in four transcript variants encoding the same protein. This gene and the gene that encodes angiogenin share promoters and 5' exons. Each gene splices to a unique downstream exon that contains its complete coding region. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013],

The product of this gene phosphorylates the beta-2-adrenergic receptor and appears to mediate agonist-specific desensitization observed at high agonist concentrations. This protein is an ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme that specifically phosphorylates the activated form of the beta-adrenergic and related G-protein-coupled receptors. Abnormal coupling of beta-adrenergic receptor to G protein is involved in the pathogenesis of the failing heart. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],

This gene encodes a highly conserved nonhistone protein, which is a member of the heterochromatin protein family. The protein is enriched in the heterochromatin and associated with centromeres. The protein has a single N-terminal chromodomain which can bind to histone proteins via methylated lysine residues, and a C-terminal chromo shadow-domain (CSD) which is responsible for the homodimerization and interaction with a number of chromatin-associated nonhistone proteins. The encoded product is involved in the formation of functional kinetochore through interaction with essential kinetochore proteins. The gene has a pseudogene located on chromosome 3. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],