Sucres du squelette et nucléobases

<p>(R)-(+)-9-(2-Hydroxypropyl)adenine (HPA) is a carbocyclic nucleoside that has been shown to be effective against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HPA inhibits the reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes, which are necessary for HIV replication. It also inhibits phosphorylation of host cell proteins, leading to decreased viral protein synthesis. The reaction yield of this compound is high and it can be industrially produced with a synthetic process. HPA is synthesized from adenosine by the addition of two hydroxyl groups on the adjacent carbon atoms. HPA has a low energy ring-opening reaction with hydrogen chloride, which leads to its potent inhibition of HIV infection.</p>

<p>5-Iodouracil is an irreversible inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor (5-HT2B) that is a group p2 molecule. It has been found to be effective in the treatment of various types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. 5-Iodouracil inhibits cell proliferation by blocking the binding of the growth factor to its receptor on the surface of cells. The drug also inhibits the enzyme activities of human serum albumin and tyrosine phosphatase.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-6-azauracil is a nucleophilic compound that can be used to treat wastewater. It is also able to lyse cells and has been used as an immobilizing agent. The reactive nature of 5-Bromo-6-azauracil enables it to undergo nucleophilic substitutions with amines, which are present in the cell wall and other biomolecules. This process results in the formation of amide bonds, which leads to the inhibition of protein synthesis. 5-Bromo-6-azauracil has shown inhibitory effects on glucans, which may be due to its ability to form covalent bonds with glucose molecules.</p>

<p>7-Methyladenine is a nitrogen-containing compound that has been shown to cause an increase in renal blood flow. It is also a synthetic estrogen. 7-Methyladenine is mainly metabolized by methylation, and it can be detected in urine samples. This substance has been shown to have a direct effect on cardiac contractility and blood pressure. 7-Methyladenine also has the ability to stimulate the growth of cells and tissues, as well as being able to inhibit the synthesis of certain proteins.</p>

<p>8-Hydroxyguanine hydrochloride is a fine chemical that is used as a building block in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and other organic compounds. It is also used as a reagent for research into the mechanisms of DNA damage. CAS No. 1246818-54-1 8-Hydroxyguanine hydrochloride is a complex compound that can be used as a versatile building block for the synthesis of many different types of molecules, including valuable intermediates and scaffolds for drug discovery.</p>

<p>8-Azahypoxanthine is a hydroxyl analog of hypoxanthine. It contains a nitrogen atom in place of the oxygen atom on the 2-position. 8-Azahypoxanthine has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of purine biosynthesis in yeast cells and can be used as a replacement for xanthine during the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from uracil. 8-Azahypoxanthine was found to have good detection sensitivity, with an estimated detection limit of 0.2 µM. The optimum pH for this compound is 7.8, which is similar to that of wild type strain and tissue culture media. Mutants resistant to 8-azahypoxanthine were generated by exposure to high concentrations (&gt;100 mM) for long periods (&gt;2 days). Mutant strains showed no detectable enzyme activity against orotic acid or glycosidic bond formation with erythromycin</p>

<p>Intermediate in the synthesis of tipiracil + trifluridine</p>

<p>1,3-Dipropylxanthine is a congener of caffeine. It is a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist that binds to the adenosine receptors in the kidney. 1,3-Dipropylxanthine has been shown to increase renal blood flow and increase urine output. This drug may be used as a mobilisation agent for patients who are bedridden or have limited mobility. It should not be given to patients with heart disease or high blood pressure. 1,3-Dipropylxanthine has also been shown to inhibit the binding of pyrimido [1,2-a]benzimidazole (PPIM) and furyl derivatives to the adenosine receptor.</p>

<p>5-Iodocytosine (5-IC) is an analog of cytosine that can be used as a precursor for the synthesis of thymine. 5-IC has been shown to cross-couple with DNA, which may contribute to its antiviral potency. 5-IC is also a potent inhibitor of dna replication and herpes simplex virus. The biochemical properties of 5-IC have been extensively studied, including its ability to react with hydrochloric acid to form the corresponding tautomers. The hydrolysis rate increases at higher pH values and decreases at lower pH values. Bioconjugate chemistry has been applied to synthesize a bioconjugated prodrug of 5-IC for cancer treatment.</p>

<p>6-Ethoxypurine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. It is used in cell culture to measure the effects of radiation and hydrochloric acid on the production of ATP. 6-Ethoxypurine has been shown to inhibit influenza virus replication with an IC50 of 10 μM. This compound has reactive hydroxyl groups that allow it to participate in hydrogen bonding, which can be beneficial for interactions with other molecules. 6-Ethoxypurine also exhibits nucleophilic properties, which allows it to react with other chemical species and can be useful for generating new chemical compounds.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-1,3-dimethyluracil is a nucleoside analog that has been shown to be cytotoxic in vitro. This compound can be synthesized by reacting naphthalene with a nucleophilic nitrogen source, such as sodium carbonate and chlorinating the resulting product with trifluoroacetic acid. 6-Chloro-1,3-dimethyluracil can also be synthesized by reacting malonic acid with cyclen and uridine in the presence of copper metal. The reaction mechanism is believed to involve photoelectron transfer from the copper metal to the uridine ring.</p>

<p>Temozolomide is an anticancer drug that is used in the treatment of malignant brain tumors. It is a prodrug which undergoes conversion to its active form 7-methylguanine by deamination and oxidation. Temozolomide inhibits viral replication by inhibiting the synthesis of nuclear DNA and blocking the progression of RNA polymerase. The reaction mechanism involves oxidative injury to DNA, leading to crosslinking and breakage with subsequent inhibition of polymerase chain reaction amplification. Temozolomide has been shown to have carcinogenic potential in laboratory animals. This drug has been shown to have biochemical properties that are similar to those found in other drugs such as cisplatin, vinblastine, and adriamycin, which also inhibit cellular growth through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Structural analysis has revealed that temozolomide binds tightly to nuclear DNA with a conformation that is similar to the natural substrate for DNA gyrase, top</p>

<p>2-Thiothymine is a nucleotide that can be synthesized by the polymerase chain reaction. It is used as a probe for determining the sequence of DNA duplexes. 2-Thiothymine binds to dna and forms hydrogen bonds with the nitrogen atoms in dna bases, which prevents them from being able to bind with other dna bases, thereby disrupting the binding of dna strands. This leads to chain reactions that result in high temperatures and could cause damage to the cells. 2-Thiothymine has been shown to be toxic to both bacteria and human cells. It was found to inhibit HIV infection by binding to viral RNA and preventing it from being translated into protein, leading to cell death.</p>

<p>N9-Methyladenine is a purine derivative that has been shown to be an antagonist at the adenosine receptor. It can be synthesized by reacting N6-benzoyladenine with methanol, followed by treatment with aqueous sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. The molecule is planar, with a neutral pKa of 7.4. Proton and nitrogen NMR spectra were obtained for this compound, which showed it to have two hydrogen bonds and one intermolecular hydrogen bond. The proton resonances are observed at 2.97 ppm (H1) and 3.27 ppm (H2).</p>

<p>Xanthine is a reactive, oxidized form of purine. It is found in the human body as a product of xanthine oxidase (XO) metabolism of xanthine and hypoxanthine. Xanthine is known to have antioxidant properties and has been shown to inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. Xanthine, when combined with other anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin, can be used as an anticancer agent. This drug has been shown to cause oxidative injury in humans and animal models at physiological levels.</p>

<p>Eritadenine is a glycoside that has been found in the edible roots of plants belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. Eritadenine is an inhibitor of malonic acid, which is a precursor for fatty acid synthesis. It has also been shown to have biological properties, such as inhibiting fat cell growth and reducing cholesterol levels in rats. Eritadenine can be detected with an analytical method that uses high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector. This method separates and identifies eritadenine from other compounds using polymerase chain reaction amplification on camp levels and sodium salts. Eritadenine can also be found in samples of liver cells or ethanolamine.</p>

<p>Lambda DNA is a double stranded linear DNA of 48,502 base pairs in length. It is isolated from bacteriophage Lambda. The Lambda Phage is a bacterial virus (bacteriophage), that infects the bacterial species E. coli. The phage is isolated from the heat inducible lysogen E. coli strain.</p>

DH5α Competent Cells are ideal cells that are made efficient chemically for transformation techniques. They are recommended for routine subcloning into plasmid vectors giving a transformation efficiency of ≥1 × 10⁶cfu/μg. Subcloning efficiency cells are not suitable for the generation of cDNA libraries. The φ80dlacZΔM15 marker provides α-complementation of the β-galactosidase gene from pUC or similar vectors to allow blue/white colony screening on bacterial agar plates containing X-Gal and similar chemicals.

Autoinduction Medium (AIM) Solution for protein expression that needs little user intervention after inoculation of the culture. The principle of AIM media is based on carbon sources in the medium that are metabolized differentially to promote high density cell growth and automatically induce protein expression from lac promoters. This solution constitutes a unique combination of carbon source concentrations. AIM with pH 7.2 provides an efficient way to produce recombinant proteins for functional characterizations. This solution is useful in the study of intensity of induction, expression at different cell densities, or investigation of induction in early-, mid-, or late-log conditions of proteins of focused interest.

<p>Please enquire for more information about N6-Isopentenyladenine-9-glucoside including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>BHQ-1 NHS is a compound that is directly labeled with fluorescently labeled nucleotide.</p>

<p>Fluorescent 7-Hydroxy-4-methylquinolone detects DNA hydroxyl radicals; store in dark.</p>

<p>Applications 6-Amino-5-nitrouracil (cas# 3346-22-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br>References Graves, A., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 377, 914 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Pyrimidine with the ability to form complexes with heavy metal ions.<br>References Iltzsch, M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 48, 781 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the preparation of pyrrolotriazines.<br></p>

<p>Applications 7-Deazaguanine (cas# 7355-55-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications (E)-5-(2-Carboxvinyl)uracil (cas# 57412-59-6) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications N2-Acetyl-O6-diphenylcarbamoylguanine is a reactant in the synthesis of 1',2'-oxetane-nucleosides bearing 2'-C-Me substituents with anti-HCV activity.<br>References Komsta, Z., et. al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 55, 6216 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Azauridine (cas# 1476-82-0) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-6-isopropyl-2-methylthiopyrimidine (cas# 895129-11-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Chloro-7-deazaguanine (cas# 84955-31-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications A DNA adduct ethylene oxide hydroxyethylnitrosourea. It is also used in the preparation of acyclic nucleosides and nucleotides as antiviral agents.<br>References Snoeck, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 32, 1839 (1988), Bronson, J., et al.: J .Med. Chem., 32, 1457 (1989), Balzarini, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 266, 8686 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 6-Azauridine is can be applied in antiviral studies.<br></p>

<p>Applications 5,6-Diaminouracil sulfate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Paraxanthine (P192500) and Paraxanthine analogs.<br>References Mueller, C.E., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 3341 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tris(trimethylsilyl)guanine is an intermediate used in the synthesis of 9-(2-Hydroxyethyl)guanine (H942035), which is an impurity of the antiviral agent Acyclovir (A192400). 9-(2-Hydroxyethyl)guanine is a nucleoside phosphotransferase acceptor.<br>References Kamimura, A. et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 37, 2037 (1973);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2,4-Dithiouridine (cas# 13239-96-8) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-O-Trityl-2,3’-anhydrothymidine (cas# 25442-42-6) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-nitrosouracil (cas# 3346-61-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br>References Varma, R., et al.: J. Ocular Pharmacol. Ther., 16, 571 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Adenine Hydrochloride can be utilized in uses for enhanced detection of hydrogen peroxide with platinized microelectrode arrays for analyses of mitochondria activities. It can also be used for biological use in method for producing Cordyceps sinesis by fermentation.<br>References Ben-Amor, S., et al.: Electrochim. Acta., 126, 171-178 (2014); Jia, J., et al.: Faming Zhuanli Shenqing, CN 101407767 A 20081117 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Carboxy-2-thiouracil is a possible anti-tumor agent when part of a metal complex.<br></p>

<p>8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine (CPT) is a xanthine derivative that binds to the adenosine receptor and inhibits the phosphodiesterase enzyme. CPT is used in vivo as a model for measuring locomotor activity, dopamine receptors, adenosine receptors, and glutamate receptors. The binding of CPT to these receptors can lead to bronchoconstriction by stimulating the release of vasoactive substances from airway cells and increasing the sensitivity of airway cells to bronchoconstrictor stimuli. This drug also has been shown to inhibit calcium ion influx into cytosol and increase intracellular levels of cAMP.</p>

<p>1-(3-Carboxypropyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine is a drug that belongs to a class of drugs called multidrugs. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of endothelial cells by blocking the binding of tnf-α to its receptor on these cells. 1-(3-Carboxypropyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine also inhibits cancer cell proliferation and has been shown to be effective in some human cancer models. This drug interacts with other molecules (e.g., proton) and can have significant effects on magnetic resonance spectroscopy assays as well as in humans.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 1-Allyl-3,7-dimethyl-8-phenylxanthine including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>6-Amino-1-methyl-5-nitrosouracil is a neutral form of the molecule that has both protonated and unprotonated forms. It is a bidentate ligand that can bind to a metal ion. The nitrogen atom in the molecule is an important part of its structure, as it contains two nitro groups and one amino group. 6-Amino-1-methyl-5-nitrosouracil has been used in techniques such as spectroscopies and dinitroso analysis. The neutral form of the molecule can be converted into its ionic form by adding either chlorine or nitrate ions to it, which causes the nitrogen atoms to be more electronegative. This conversion changes the nature of the compound, making it more acidic. Dehydration also occurs when water molecules are removed from 6-amino 1 methyl 5 nitrosourea, which causes a change in shape and shifts its properties to</p>

<p>N6-Methyladenine is a modification of adenine in DNA. It is formed by the methylation of the N6 position of adenine, which is a group P2 purine base. The structural analysis of this compound has been studied using x-ray diffraction data, and it has been found that it may inhibit cancer cells by modifying their DNA. This compound can also be used as an antimicrobial agent to treat infections caused by eukaryotes such as bacteria and fungi. N6-Methyladenine may be useful in transcriptional regulation and cellular transformation.</p>

<p>7-Deazaadenine is a pyrimidine compound that inhibits the enzyme kinase, which is involved in DNA synthesis. 7-Deazaadenine has significant cytotoxicity against cells and has been shown to inhibit the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It can be used as an analytical tool for investigating enzymatic reactions by selectively inhibiting specific enzymes. 7-Deazaadenine binds to nitrogen atoms in DNA and inhibits the activity of proteases, which are enzymes that break down proteins. This drug also has pharmacokinetic properties such as oral absorption and distribution, metabolism, and elimination.</p>

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<p>Please enquire for more information about 9-[(5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-3,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

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<p>8-Aminoguanine is an anti-cancer agent that is used to treat leukemia. It is a hydrophobic molecule with a redox potential of −0.20 V and has been shown to inhibit the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase in vitro and in vivo. 8-Aminoguanine inhibits the production of guanine nucleotides, which are necessary for DNA synthesis and cell division. This drug also has angiogenic properties, which may be due to its ability to stimulate the formation of new blood vessels by increasing nitric oxide synthase activity. 8-Aminoguanine has also been shown to improve congestive heart failure by reducing myocardial fibrosis and ventricular hypertrophy through activation of the glycosidic bond cleavage system.</p>

<p>(E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)uracil is a drug that has been shown to be effective against leukemic cells. It is a prodrug of 5-bromouracil, which is an antimetabolite and cytotoxic agent. (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)uracil has also been shown to be active against solid tumours, such as metastatic colorectal cancer, and bacteria. The mechanism of action involves the irreversible inhibition of the enzyme thymidylate synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to thymidine monophosphate (dTMP). The drug binds to the dinucleotide phosphate pocket in the enzyme's active site and blocks access by dUMP. This leads to DNA synthesis errors, causing cell death. As a prodrug, it has low toxicity profiles and does not cause bone marrow suppression like</p>

<p>8-Methoxymethyl-1-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl) xanthine (8MMX) is an intracellular calcium ion chelator that inhibits enzyme activity in the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase enzyme family. 8MMX has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of both cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes. 8MMX has been shown to inhibit bladder contractility and improve bladder function in animal models. It also reduces the incidence of papillary muscle rupture, which can lead to heart failure, and improves ventricular function by increasing the rate of relaxation of the left ventricle.<br>8MMX is a potential treatment for pulmonary hypertension, which is caused by increased concentrations of intracellular calcium ions.</p>

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<p>6-Amino-5-nitroso-2-thiouracil is a water molecule that has been synthesized and characterized by the kinetic method. It has an intense absorption line at 514 nm and can be used as a marker for technetium. 6-Amino-5-nitroso-2-thiouracil is also a ligand, which is a chemical that binds to metal ions in order to form coordination complexes. 6-Amino-5-nitroso-2-thiouracil is formed by the reaction of chloramine with ammonia, as well as other reactions involving chlorine atoms. 6Amino - 5 nitroso - 2 thiouracil can be used as a chelate ring, which is a type of ligand that contains both nitrogen and sulfur atoms. Bleomycin, a five membered ring molecule, reacts with 6 amino - 5 nitroso - 2 thiouracil to</p>

<p>1,3-Dipropyl-7-methylxanthine is a xanthine compound that is structurally related to caffeine. It has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the production of reactive oxygen species and cytosolic calcium levels in primary cells, as well as a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist activity. It has also been shown to antagonize the effects of adenosine receptors, p2 receptors, and p2y receptors. This drug is used for the treatment of basophilic leukemia.</p>

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<p>1-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)-3,7-dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione (theophylline) is a bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory agent. It is used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. Theophylline is structurally similar to caffeine and theobromine and has been shown to have a similar effect on the heart and blood vessels as these stimulants. It also stimulates the central nervous system in a manner similar to that of theobromine. Theophylline has shown some benefit in congestive heart failure patients but has not been proven effective for treating high blood pressure or fibrillation.</p>

<p>1,3-Diethyl-8-phenylxanthine is a p2y receptor antagonist that inhibits bacterial growth by interfering with the energy metabolism of the cell. It is an analytical reagent that can be used to measure specific DNA sequences and has been shown to have genotoxic effects on cultured human cells. 1,3-Diethyl-8-phenylxanthine has also been shown to inhibit the growth of infectious bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. This compound may be used as a potential biomarker for the identification of antimicrobial peptides that are active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans.</p>

<p>Dye 937 is substituted unsymmetrical cyanine dyes and useful in the detection of DNA in electrophoretic gels.</p>

<p>Adenine sulfate dihydrate is an important component of the energy-producing process in mitochondria. Adenine sulfate dihydrate is a necessary cofactor for many metabolic reactions, including those that produce ATP and NADH. It has been shown to promote growth factor activity and stimulate cell proliferation. Adenine sulfate dihydrate can be used as a nutrient solution in recombinant protein production, where it is required for the expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli or mammalian cells. This compound also plays an important role in the glycosylation of proteins during their synthesis on ribosomes and may have implications for protein folding and stability.</p>

<p>2-Mercaptopurine (2MP) is a thiopurine drug that is used to treat bowel disease. 2MP inhibits the activity of methyltransferase, which is an enzyme that converts 6-mercaptopurine to 6-thioguanine. This process prevents the conversion of 6-thioguanine into 6-thiouric acid, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of thymine nucleotides. 2MP also inhibits the binding of atp-binding cassette transporter proteins to DNA and blocks the incorporation of purines into RNA and DNA. The drug has been shown to be effective in treating squamous cell carcinoma and other diseases with a high level of activity. 2MP has been shown to be metabolized by erythrocyte polymerase chain reaction and can be detected in biological samples.</p>

<p>Pyrimidine nucleobase; component of nucleic acids</p>

<p>Isocytosine is a prodrug that has been synthesized with the intramolecular hydrogen on the nitrogen atoms, which makes it more chemically stable. Isocytosine is a reactive molecule, and can react with tautomers to form isocytosine derivatives. Isocytosine contains three hydrogen atoms that are transferable through reactions to other molecules. The chemical stability of isocytosine allows for its use in wastewater treatment. It also has metabolic effects, such as the inhibition of colorectal adenocarcinoma and metabolic disorders. Isocytosine can be used as a model system for studying transfer reactions and reaction mechanisms.</p>

<p>5-Chlorouracil is a drug that is used to treat cancer. It has been shown to have biological properties, and its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. 5-Chlorouracil can be synthesized in the laboratory by reacting sodium hydroxide with 5-chloro-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. In wastewater treatment plants, it reacts with organic matter in the water to form nontoxic products, such as carbon dioxide and urea. The reaction solution contains 5-chlorouracil, which undergoes tautomerization spontaneously or through the addition of base. This reaction is reversible, and both the erythro and threo forms are present in solution at equilibrium. The biological properties of 5-chlorouracil have been investigated using sublethal doses in experimental animals. In one study, 5-chlorouracil was found to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity in rats significantly more</p>

<p>9-(β-D-xylofuranosyl)guanine (9XG) is a trifluoride. It is an antiviral agent that inhibits the growth of herpes virus, in particular by methylating guanosine to 9-methylguanosine in the viral DNA. 9XG binds to the viral DNA and prevents its replication through the inhibition of RNA synthesis. The drug is active against many different types of viruses and has been shown to be effective against tissue cultures infected with herpes virus. 9XG is synthesized from guanosine and boron trifluoride etherate, which are reacted at -78 degrees Celsius for three days. This yields a mixture of compounds with various peracylation groups, which are then separated by chromatography.</p>

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<p>4-Thiouracil is a uridine analog and has been shown to inhibit transcriptional regulation by hydrogen bonding with the dna template. 4-Thiouracil is a prodrug that is converted to its active form, thiouracil, which inhibits DNA synthesis and cell proliferation by inhibiting the enzyme topoisomerase II. This results in the formation of abnormal DNA molecules that are not replicated properly. Thiouracil also has photochemical properties due to its ability to absorb light at wavelengths below 400 nm. The photochemical properties of 4-thiouracil have been studied extensively as models for human tissue culture and the study of cancer cells.</p>

<p>3'-O-Benzyl-2'-Deoxy-5-Trifluoromethyluridine (BDBMU) is a pyrimidine derivative that can be used as an antiviral drug. It inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA by inhibiting viral polymerase. BDBMU is a prodrug of uracil, which is converted to the active compound in tissues. The benzoylation reaction produces a fluorine atom at C5, which increases its potency. This drug has been shown to have minimal toxicity in tumor cells and has been used for the treatment of leukemia and other cancers.</p>

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<p>(S)-HPMPA is a nucleotide analogue, which is a chemically synthesized compound designed to mimic nucleotides. It acts as both an antiviral and an antitumor agent, sourced primarily through synthetic chemistry involving the modification of naturally occurring nucleotide structures. The mode of action of (S)-HPMPA involves mimicking natural substrates of various viral polymerases and cellular enzymes, thereby inhibiting viral DNA synthesis and disrupting the replication cycle of DNA viruses. Additionally, it can interfere with certain cellular pathways contributing to its antitumor effects.</p>