Nucléotides

<p>Queuosine is a modified nucleoside found in the tRNA of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is primarily sourced from the gut microbiota and obtained through dietary intake, as humans lack the biosynthetic machinery to produce it endogenously. Queuosine plays a crucial role in cellular processes by contributing to the accuracy of protein synthesis, impacting cellular growth and maintenance. Its importance extends to understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning various physiological processes and the potential for dysregulation in diseases. Ongoing research is exploring queuosine's implications in cellular metabolism, including its role in cancer biology and neurobiology. Understanding the pathways and effects of queuosine incorporation into tRNA may provide insights into novel therapeutic avenues for targeting metabolic disorders and diseases associated with translational fidelity.</p>

<p>4-[(1Z)-2-(4-Chlorophenyl)vinyl]pyridine is a modified nucleoside that is used in anticancer drugs. It has shown antiviral and antitumor effects. 4-[(1Z)-2-(4-Chlorophenyl)vinyl]pyridine is synthesized by condensing 4-chlorobenzaldehyde and 2,3-dichloropyridine. The nucleoside has been modified to be phosphorylated at the 5′ position and contains a ribonucleotide moiety and a deoxyribonucleotide moiety. This product is of high purity and quality, with an activator group at the 5′ position.</p>

<p>8-Amino-[1''-(N''-dansyl)-4''-aminobutyl]-5'-(1-aziridinyl)-5'-deoxyadenosine is a novel nucleoside phosphoramidite that has antiviral and anticancer activity. It is currently under development as a potential treatment for Hepatitis C, HIV and cancer. 8-Amino-[1''-(N''-dansyl)-4''-aminobutyl]-5'-(1-aziridinyl)-5'-deoxyadenosine is an activator of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. It also inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA by inhibiting the enzyme DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. 8-Amino-[1''-(N''-dansyl)-4''-aminobutyl</p>

<p>5-Aza-7-deazaguanosine is a nucleoside analogue that has antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus, influenza, and other DNA viruses. 5-Aza-7-deazaguanosine is an analog of guanosine with the addition of a 7-deaza group on the nitrogen atom. This drug inhibits viral replication by inhibiting the polymerase function of the viral NS5B protein, which is essential for DNA synthesis. The structure activity relationship studies have shown that this compound has anti-hepatitis B virus activity, but not against hepatitis C virus. 5-Aza-7-deazaguanosine has been shown to be effective in animal models as well as in humans without any significant toxicity issues.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxyinosine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt is a synthetic nucleoside, phosphoramidite, and diphosphate that is used in the synthesis of DNA. It has been shown to have antiviral effects against HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). This drug also has anticancer activity and is an activator of novel nucleosides.</p>

<p>2',3'-O-Isopropylidenecytidine is a nucleoside for use in research applications</p>

<p>N6-Cyclopentyladenosine is a nucleoside analog that binds to the kappa-opioid receptor. The physiological effects of this drug are mediated through its interaction with the kappa-opioid receptor, which is found in the central nervous system and mediates many of the effects of morphine. N6-Cyclopentyladenosine has been shown to increase blood flow and heart rate in humans. This drug also inhibits tetrazolium dye uptake by papillary muscle cells, suggesting that it may have cardiotonic effects. N6-Cyclopentyladenosine has been used as an analytical probe for adenosine, which is metabolized by cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterases into adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP).</p>

<p>2'-Deoxy-L-uridine is a nucleoside that is found in the human body. It phosphorylates l-thymidine, which is a natural substrate, and this reaction prevents the formation of diphosphate from d-ribose 5'-monophosphate. 2'-Deoxy-L-uridine is an exogenous substance that inhibits cell growth by affecting protein synthesis and DNA replication. 2'-Deoxy-L-uridine has been shown to be more efficient than wild type uridine in inhibiting cell growth in vitro at concentrations of 1 mM or greater. The enantiomers of 2'-deoxy-L-uridine affect cell growth differently, with the (R)-enantiomer being more potent than the (S)-enantiomer.</p>

<p>2-Chloroadenosine hemihydrate is a synthetic purine nucleoside analog, closely related to adenosine, with a chlorine atom substituted at the 2-position on the adenine ring. This molecule has potential application in research.</p>

<p>N3-Methylthymidine is a metalloprotease inhibitor that has been shown to inhibit the activity of epidermal growth factor (EGF). N3-Methylthymidine is also an effective inhibitor of HIV infection. The inhibitory effect on HIV infection is due to the competitive inhibition of viral protease and subsequent degradation of viral proteins. N3-Methylthymidine inhibits the synthesis and release of infectious herpes simplex virus particles. This drug also inhibits the growth of human tumor cells in culture by inhibiting cell proliferation, most likely due to its ability to inhibit EGF. An analytical method for determining the concentration of this drug in plasma using chemical ligation has been developed.</p>

<p>2-Hydrazinoadenosine is an active analogue of adenosine. It is a potent agonist for the adenosine receptor subtypes A1 and A2A with high affinity. 2-Hydrazinoadenosine has been shown to inhibit cardiac contractility in animal models, as well as to produce hypotension, bradycardia, and bronchodilation in humans. This drug also has a functional effect on the heart by binding to adenosine receptors, which leads to the inhibition of catecholamine release. This drug is used clinically as an antiarrhythmic agent and a vasodilator in coronary artery disease.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-O-thiophosphate sodium salt is a synthetic nucleotide that has antiviral, anticancer and antitumor properties. It is a modified deoxyribonucleoside and it activates the synthesis of DNA by acting as an activator. This drug is not found in nature and it has shown to inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells in cell culture.</p>

<p>2'-O-(2-Methoxyethyl)cytidine is a nutrient that is used to maintain the dry weight of Lactobacillus acidophilus cultures. It is also used as a texturizing agent in food products. 2'-O-(2-Methoxyethyl)cytidine has been shown to increase the rate of lactose hydrolysis and reduce the viscosity of yogurt by activating L. acidophilus. 2'-O-(2-Methoxyethyl)cytidine is also used as a dietary supplement for people with intestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome. It can be found in sodium salts and n-methyl-d-glucamine.</p>

<p>Each dNTP supplied in a separate vial</p>

<p>7-Methyl-6-thioguanosine inner salt is a compound that inhibits the activity of creatine kinase and phosphatase, which are enzymes involved in energy metabolism. It also binds to actin filaments and prevents their depolymerization. The binding mechanism of 7-methyl-6-thioguanosine inner salt is believed to be due to its ability to form disulfide bonds with cysteine residues on the surface of the enzyme. This inhibition has been shown to reduce the ATP production in mammalian cells and has been used as a model system for studying cellular processes.</p>

<p>5-Methyl-L-uridine is an antiviral drug which belongs to a class of compounds called nucleoside analogues. It is used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C, as well as for prevention of hepatitis A and B. 5-Methyl-L-uridine inhibits the virus by turning off the production of viral DNA and RNA, through interactions with the virus's polymerase chain reaction process. This drug also prevents protein synthesis in cells infected with viruses such as HIV, herpes simplex virus type 1, and influenza A virus. 5-Methyl-L-uridine is a prodrug that is converted to its active form, uridine monophosphate, by enzymes in the liver. The cytotoxic effects of 5-methyluridine on cancer cells have been shown to be due to inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis and repair pathways.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxy-2-fluoroadenosine is an adenosine member and an organofluorine compound</p>

<p>8-Methyladenosine is an acid conjugate that can be found in the urine of healthy people. It is a protonated molecule that binds to a p2 subtype of the G protein-coupled receptor, which is activated by adenosine and 8-methyladenosine. This drug has been used in clinical trials for the treatment of herpes simplex virus and cervical cancer. The intramolecular hydrogen bond between the methyl group and the adenosine ring is responsible for its high binding affinity for this receptor. The glycosidic bond is formed when an 8-methyladenosine molecule attaches to a receptor on a cell surface, forming an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the receptor's amino acid side chain. This bond is broken when a protonated molecule of 8-methyladenosine enters the cell and interacts with the receptor, resulting in activation of this receptor.</p>