Autres

<p>Chromogenic substrate targeting lipase, C8 esterase</p>

<p>Crimson-Gal (Crimson-beta-D-galactopyranoside) is a chromogenic indicator for beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria in liquid media or on agar plates and yields a crimson colored precipitate. Crimson-Gal can also be used as detecting agent for beta-galactosidase activity in reporter gene assays or for identification of positive transformants on agar plates when using the α-complementation approach. Read more in the Application Notes.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 5-O-trans-feruloyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside is a chromogenic substrate for alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 5-O-trans-feruloyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside is used in different applications such as the Plant cell wall degradation assays, bacterial enzyme profiling</p>

<p>Applications 2-((4S,7S,10S,13S,15R)-10-Benzyl-15-hydroxy-7,13-diisobutyl-15-methyl-1-morpholino-2,5,8,11,14,18-hexaoxo-4-phenethyl-17-oxa-3,6,9,12-tetraazanonadecan-19-yl)-2-hydroxysuccinic Acid is an impurity of Carfilzomib (C183460), which is a second-generation proteasome inhibitor that is used as a treatment in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.<br>References Fostier, K., et al.: Oncotargets. Therap., 5, 237 (2012); Geurink, P.P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 1262 (2013); McCormack, P.L., et al.: Drugs., 72, 2023 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of the anti-cancer drug Tamoxifen (T006000).<br>References Heiman, D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 994 (1980), Kier, L., et al.: Pharm. Res., 7, 801 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Applications Desmethyl 7-Methoxycarbonyl Nintedanib is an impurity of Intedanib (I666650), which is an indolinone derivative potently blocking VEGF-, PDGF-, and FGF-receptor kinases. it is an indolinone as triple angiokinase inhibitors and an antitumor agent.<br>References Sun, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 2588 (1998); Xie, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 4898 (2007); Hilberg, F., et al.: Cancer Res., 68, 4774 (2008); Roth, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 58, 1053 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications: Labelled Almotriptan (A575200). Almotriptan is a serotonin 5HT1B /1D-receptor agonist used for treatment of migraine.<br>References Fleishaker, J.C., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 67, 498 (2000), Kamali, F., et al.: Curr. Opin. Cent. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. Invest. Drugs, 2, 197 (2000), Dodick, D.W., et al.: Expert Opin.Pharmacother., 4, 1157 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fulvestrant Impurity E;<br>Applications Fulvestrant (F862500) impurity E.<br></p>

<p>Applications Fulvestrant 17-Ketone, is an impurity of Fulvestrant (F862500), a novel steroidal estrogen antagonist reported to lack any partial agonist activity. Antineoplastic (hormonal).<br>References Wakeling, A.E., et al.: Cancer Res., 51, 3867 (1991), Howell, A., et al.: Br. J. Cancer, 74, 300 (1996), Robertson, J.F., et al.: Cancer Res., 61, 6739 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications (Z)-4-Hydroxy Tamoxifen O-β-D-Glucuronide is an active metabolite of Tamoxifen (T006000).<br>References Ogura, K. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 71, 1358 (2006); Nishiyama, T. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 63, 1817 (2002); McCague, R. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 39, 1459 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Nintedanib, which is an antifibrotic drug.<br>References Holdsworth, G.; et al.: Scientific Reports, 7, 1 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications Nintedanib Demethyl-O-glucuronic Acid-d3 is an isotopic analog of Nintedanib Demethyl-O-glucuronic Acid (N478295), a metabolite of the drug Nintedanib (N478290).<br>References Sun, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 2588 (1998); Xie, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 4898 (2007); Hilberg, F., et al.: Cancer Res., 68, 4774 (2008); Roth, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 58, 1053 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Palbociclib (also known as compound number PD-0332991) is an experimental drug for the treatment of breast cancer being developed by Pfizer. It is a selective inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6.<br>References Finn, R., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 11, 5 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Deschloro-Zopiclone is a metabolite of Zopiclone (Z700500) which is a cyclopyrrolone member of a family of non-benzodiazepine GABAA receptor agonists.<br>References Noble, S., et al.: Drugs, 55, 277 (1998), Musch, B., et al.: Int. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 5, 147 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Atenolol EP Impurity H<br>Applications 2-[4-[(2RS)-2-Hydroxy-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]propoxy]phenyl]acetonitrile is an impurity of Atenolol (A790075), a cardioselective β-adrenergic blocker. Atenolol EP Impurity H<br>References Caplar, V., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 13, 1 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications Fulvestrant (F862500) impurity C.<br></p>

<p>Applications OR 486 is an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Entacapone (E588500) impurity.<br>References Jenei-Lanzl, Z. et al.: Annal Rheum. Dis., 74, 444 (2015); Karlsson, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 10, 593 (1992), Nissinen, E., et al.: Arch. Pharmacol., 346, 262 (1992), Wikberg, T., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 18, 359 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (S)-4-Oxo-homophenylalanine Hydrochloride is a derivative of L-Homophenylalanine (H600500); an antitumor agent.<br>References Brunner, Henri., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 25, 35 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-((3-Fluoro-4-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl)amino)-2-methylpropanoic acid (cas# 1289942-66-0) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Nitroso-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine is a reagent used in the preparation of 9-aminoacridine-based agents that impair bovine viral diarrhea virus replication.<br>References Loddo, R. et al.: Bio. &amp; Med. Chem., 26(4), 855-868, (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications It has been used to promote wound healing. Biological stain. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing.<br>References Findlay, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed., Anal., 21, 1249 (2000), Han, D., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 6424 (2007), Jiang, Z;., et al.: J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 88, 649 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydroxyatenolol-d7 is the isotope labelled analog of Hydroxyatenolol (H802480); a metabolite of Atenolol (A790075) which is a cardioselective β-adrenergic blocker, antihypertensive, antianginal, and antiarrhythmic (class II).<br>References Escher, B., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 7402 (2006); Caplar, V., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 13, 1 (1984)<br></p>

<p>Applications Substrate specificity of haloalkane dehalogenases.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Koudelakova, T., et al.: Biochem. J., 435, 345 (2011),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A novel active metabolite of the anti-cancer drug Tamoxifen (T006000).<br>References Furr, B., et al.: Pharmacol. Ther., 25, 127 (1984), Leonessa, F., et al.: Cancer Res., 54, 441 (1994), Stearns, V., et al.: Lancet, 360, 1851 (2002), Rae, J., et al.: Pharmacogenetics, 13, 501 (2003), Zheng, Y., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 35, 1942 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications 4-​Amino-​2-​fluoro-​N-​methylbenzamide acts as a reagent in the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 5-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidine derivatives as potent androgen receptor antagonists. Also, in the preparation and structure-activity relationship of chiral benzyloxypyridinone derivatives as c-Met kinase inhibitors<br>References Ivachtchenko, A. V., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 99, 51 (2015); Zhang, D., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 2408 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Desmethyl Nintedanib Carboxylic Acid is an impurity of Intedanib (I666650), which is an indolinone derivative potently blocking VEGF-, PDGF-, and FGF-receptor kinases. it is an indolinone as triple angiokinase inhibitors and an antitumor agent.<br>References Sun, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 2588 (1998); Xie, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 4898 (2007); Hilberg, F., et al.: Cancer Res., 68, 4774 (2008); Roth, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 58, 1053 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled analogue of cis-Entacapone, the (Z)-Isomer of Entacapone (E558500) polymorphic form B. Antiparkinsonian.<br>References Karlsson, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 10, 593 (1992), Nissinen, E., et al.: Arch. Pharmacol., 346, 262 (1992), Wikberg, T., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 18, 359 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Leuprolide Acetate EP Impurity B TFA salt<br>Applications Synthetic nonapeptide agonist analog of LH-RH. Antineoplastic (hormonal).<br>References Vilchez-Martinez, J.A., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 59, 1226 (1974), Sennello, L.T., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., et al.: 75, 158 (1986), Wheeler, J.M., et al.: Am.J. Obstet. Gynecol., 167, 1367 (1992), Eri, L.M., et al.: J. Urol., 150, 359 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Defluoro-MDV 3100 (Defluoro-enzalutamide) is an impurity of Enzalutamide (M199800), which is an androgen-receptor antagonist that blocks androgens from binding to the androgen receptor and prevents nuclear translocation and co-activator recruitment of the ligand-receptor complex. Enzalutamide has been shown to induce tumor cell apoptosis, and is used for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.<br>References Scher, H.I. et al.: Lancet, 375, 1437 (2010); Bellmunt, J. et al.: Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol., 2, 189 (2010); Ryan, C.J. et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 29, 3651 (2011); Ma, X., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 131, 436 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desmethyl Zopiclone-d8 is a labelled metabolite of Zopiclone (Z700500), which is Cyclopyrrolone member of a family of non-benzodiazepine GABAA receptor agonists. This is a controlled substance (depressant) in the US but not in Canada. Sedative, hypnotic.<br>References Fernandez, C., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 29, 431 (1995), Nordgren, H., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 24, 410 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-[4-[[(Z)-(1,2-Dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene)phenylmethyl]amino]phenyl]-N,4-dimethyl-1-piperazineacetamide was used in the study to discover a potent inhibitor of MELK that inhibits expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 and TNBC cell growth. N-[4-[[(Z)-(1,2-Dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indol-3-ylidene)phenylmethyl]amino]phenyl]-N,4-dimethyl-1-piperazineacetamide is an impurity of Intedanib (I666650), which is an antitumor agent.<br>References Edupuganti, R., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 25, 2609 (2017); Sun, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 2588 (1998); Xie, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 4898 (2007); Hilberg, F., et al.: Cancer Res., 68, 4774 (2008); Roth, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 58, 1053 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications (αE)-α-[(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylene]-β-oxo-1-piperidinepropanenitrile is an impurity of Entacapone (E558500), a peripherally acting inhibitor of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), an enzyme involved in the metabolism of catecholamine neurotransmitters and related drugs. Antiparkinsonian.<br>References Karlsson, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 10, 593 (1992), Nissinen, E., et al.: Arch. Pharmacol., 346, 262 (1992), Wikberg, T., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 18, 359 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Zafirlukast p-Tolyl Isomer is a positional isomer and impurity of the cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor antagonist, Zafirlukast (D226955).<br>References Krishnaiah, C. et al.: Anal. Chem. Ind. J., 8, 471 (2009); Madhavi, A. et al.: Chromatographia, 70, 233 (2009); Goverdhan, G. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 49, 895 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate has been shown to have potent inhibitory activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).<br>References Shen, S., Li, W., Wang, J.: Nat. Prod. Res., 27, 2286 (2013); Golovleva, L.A., et. al.:<br></p>

<p>Applications N-(5-Chloro-2-pyridinyl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide is an impurity of Zopiclone (Z700500) which is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent used in the treatment of insomnia.<br>References Noble, S., et al.: Drugs, 55, 277 (1998), Musch, B., et al.: Int. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 5, 147 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dehydro Silodosin is an impurity of Silodosin (S465000).<br>References Moriyama., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 331, 39 (1997), Zhu, J., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 131, 546 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,3-Propanediol is a common organic reagent used in the synthesis of polymers and used in industrial organic chemistry for the synthesis of lubricants, foods, medicines and cosmetics.<br>References Sun, Y. et al.: Bioproc. Renew. Res. Commod. Bioprod., 289 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Oxo-MDV 3100 (Oxo-enzalutamide) is an impurity of Enzalutamide (M199800), which is an androgen-receptor antagonist that blocks androgens from binding to the androgen receptor and prevents nuclear translocation and co-activator recruitment of the ligand-receptor complex. Enzalutamide has been shown to induce tumor cell apoptosis, and is used for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.<br>References Scher, H.I. et al.: Lancet, 375, 1437 (2010); Bellmunt, J. et al.: Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol., 2, 189 (2010); Ryan, C.J. et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 29, 3651 (2011); Ma, X., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 131, 436 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Applications Zafirlukast m-Tolyl Isomer is a positional isomer and impurity of the cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor antagonist, Zafirlukast (D226955).<br>References Krishnaiah, C. et al.: Anal. Chem. Ind. J., 8, 471 (2009); Madhavi, A. et al.: Chromatographia, 70, 233 (2009); Goverdhan, G. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 49, 895 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications α-Epoxyabiraterone Acetate is an impurity of Abiraterone (A108490), a steroidal cytochrome P 450 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase inhibitor (CYP17), is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials as a potential drug for the treatment of androgen-dependent prostate cancer.<br>References Denis, L., et al.: Cancer, 72, 3888 (1993); Potter, G.A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 2463 (1995); Denmeade, S., et al.: Nat. Rev., 2, 389(2002); Scher, H., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 23, 8253 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications Α labelled metabolite of Tamoxifen (T006000).<br>References Sun, D., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 8(4), (2006), Zheng, Y., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 35, 1942 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications (2E)-2-Cyano-3-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-N,N-diethyl-2-propenamide is an impurity of Entacapone (E558500), a peripherally acting inhibitor of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), an enzyme involved in the metabolism of catecholamine neurotransmitters and related drugs. Antiparkinsonian.<br>References Karlsson, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 10, 593 (1992), Nissinen, E., et al.: Arch. Pharmacol., 346, 262 (1992), Wikberg, T., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 18, 359 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyloctane is a volatile compound of vegetarian soybean kapi, a fermented Thai food condiment.<br>References Allagheny, N., et al.: Int. J. Food Microbiol., 29, 321 (1996); Han, B., et al.: Food Control., 15, 265 (2004); Ouoba, L., et al.: J .Appl. Microbiol., 99, 1413 (2005); Zhang, J., et al.: Inter. J. Food Sci. Technol., 42, 263 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Atenolol EP Impurity A<br>Applications 4-(Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide (Atenolol EP Impurity A) is used as an intermediate for the synthesis of Atenolol (A790075) and various other organic compounds and pharmaceuticals. It is a process impurity for Atenolol (A790075)<br>References Inkum, R., et al.: Maejo Int. J. Sci. Tech., 6, 372 (2012); Pai, N.R., et al.: J. Chem. Pharma. Rsch., 4, 375 (2012); Moon, J.T., et al.: Bio-org. Medn. Chem., 20, 734 (2012);<br></p>

<p>2-Naphthyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranoside (NAG tetra acetate) is a chromogenic enzyme substrate commonly used in the detection of β-galactosidase activity. Upon hydrolysis by the enzyme, it produces a yellow product that can be detected by spectrophotometry or visually. It is frequently used in bacterial assays to monitor gene expression or as a tool for screening potential inhibitors of the enzyme.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-O-(a-L-fucopyranosyl)-a-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic pNP enzyme substrate consisting of a fucose and galactose moieties. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis by specific fucosidases or galactosidases, it releases the highly chromogenic molecule 4-nitrophenol, which exhibits a distinct yellow color that can be monitored spectrophotometrically. This substrate is frequently used to study enzyme specificity, kinetics, and inhibition, and it plays a critical role in the investigation of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes), the screening of enzyme inhibitors, and the development of novel analytical methods for the detection and quantitation of enzyme activities.</p>

<p>Aldol® 470 L-pyroglutamic acid amide is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of pyrrolidonyl peptidase (PYRase) activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by PYRase-producing bacteria grown in liquid or solid media, yielding orange color. In addition, green fluorescence is generated when a suitable matrix is present, such as, the surface of cellulose acetate filters, polypropylene tubes or microplates, and polyethylene vials. Aldol® 470 L-pyroglutamic acid amide is suitable for use under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4,6-O-benzylidene-b-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorescent substrate for beta amylase and other glycosidases. It has been used as a fluorogenic substrate for food testing and as a chromogenic substrate for environmental testing. 4NPB has also been used in diagnostic applications such as enzyme substrates, ligands, and chemiluminescent substrates. This product is of high purity and quality with a conjugate that can be used in biotechnology applications.</p>

<p>2-Nitrophenyl 6-O-trityl-b-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic enzyme substrate used in assays to detect galactosidase activity. It is a derivative of galactose that can be hydrolyzed by galactosidase to release the yellow-colored 2-nitrophenyl group, which can be detected spectrophotometrically. The trityl group helps to stabilize the molecule and prevent undesired hydrolysis during storage. This substrate is commonly used in the study of carbohydrate metabolism and in the detection of galactosidase activity in microorganisms.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-galactopyranoside is a chemiluminescent substrate that is used as a fluorescence indicator for the detection of β-galactosidase activities. This substrate has been shown to be useful for the detection of β-galactosidase in various types of samples such as culture media, environmental testing and food testing. 4NPTAG can also be used to detect β-galactosidase activity using fluorogenic substrates or chromogenic substrates. The enzyme activity can be detected by measuring the change in absorbance at 410 nm and the increase in luminescence at 460 nm.</p>

<p>Aldol® 450 acetate is an enzyme substrate that is used in the detection of aldolase activity. Aldol® 450 acetate has been shown to be a useful alternative to the traditional bioluminescence and chemiluminescence methods for detecting aldolase activity. It has also been shown to be effective as a fluorogenic substrate for detecting aldolase activity in food products. Aldol® 450 acetate can be conjugated with other compounds, such as ligands and dyes, to enable it to detect different enzymes.<br>Aldol® 450 acetate has an absorption maximum at 450 nm and fluoresces blue-green under longwave UV light excitation. It is soluble in water and exhibits excellent stability at high temperatures (up to 50°C) and pH (1-14).</p>

<p>N-Acetyl-2-nitrophenyl 6-O-DMT-b-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in enzyme and chromogenic assays, including the determination of aminoglycoside activity. This product has been shown to be suitable for detection of bacterial contamination in food products and environmental samples. N-Acetyl-2-nitrophenyl 6-O-DMT-b-D-galactopyranoside reacts with aminoglycosides at the O4 position, forming a fluorescent product that can be measured using a fluorometer.</p>

<p>4-Chloro-3-indoxyl-1,3-diacetate is a chromogenic substrate used in the identification of bile acids. It reacts with 4-chlorophenol to form a red dye. This compound is also used as a ligand for metal ions.</p>

<p>3-indolyl-N-methyl a-D-arabinopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for the detection of beta-galactosidase. It also has been used as a chromogenic substrate for the detection of beta-glucuronidase. This product can be conjugated to an enzyme and used in enzyme substrates for the detection of beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and other enzymes. 3-indolyl-N-methyl a-D-arabinopyranoside is also commonly used in culture media to detect bacteria and yeast.</p>

<p>N-a-Boc-N-epsilon-cbz-L-lysine 4-nitroanilide is a compound that has been shown to regulate the production of angiotensin. It also acts as an inhibitor for the production of fibronectin, which is key in the regulation of inflammation and wound healing. N-a-Boc-N-epsilon-cbz-L-lysine 4 nitroanilide has been shown to be a trifunctional molecule and can yield three different products: oxychlorides, hydrated and solvates. This molecule also regulates phosphorus levels. There are many functions that this molecule performs, including binding with amino acids and regulating their function, which is why it is so important to study this molecule more closely.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-yl b-D-mannopyranoside is an enzyme substrate that is used in the fluorogenic and chromogenic assays for detecting indoleamines. This compound has a conjugate, which is a fluorescent molecule that can be attached to an antibody to target specific proteins or cells. 6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-yl b-D-mannopyranoside is used as a diagnostic agent in the detection of bacterial and fungal infections. It is also used as an indicator of cell growth in culture media.</p>

<p>2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to characterize enzymes in biochemical assays. The substrate is cleaved by enzymes, such as esterases and glycosidases, releasing the chromogenic group, which can be detected by its yellow color.</p>

<p>4-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for β-galactosidase. It has a high purity and is of high quality. 4-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl b-D-galactopyranoside is used as an enzyme substrate in diagnostics, as a chromogenic substrate in staining, and as a conjugate in chemiluminescence. It can be used for the detection of β-galactosidase in culture media and for the detection of β-galactosidase in environmental testing. This chemical also has bioluminescent properties that make it useful for food testing.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl N-acetyl-a-D-neuraminic acid methyl ester is a chromogenic substrate that reacts with enzymes to produce a colored product. It can be used in diagnostic tests for the detection of various bacteria, including Salmonella and Brucella, as well as for the determination of concentration in food testing or environmental testing. 5B4C3INA can also be conjugated to other substances, such as biotin or an antibody, which allows it to be used in immunoassays.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-D-glucuronide (BCIG) is an chromogenic enzyme substrate used to detect the presence of glucuronidase enzyme activity. The reaction occurs when BCIG reacts with the enzyme beta-glucuronidase yielding an intense blue color. It is used in a variety of biochemical and biomedical applications, such as the detection of pathogenic bacteria, the diagnosis of genetic disorders, and the isolation of recombinant proteins.</p>