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<p>Aldol® 518 beta-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-glucosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by beta-glucosidase-producing bacteria in liquid or solid media, yielding intense red color and red fluorescence. Aldol® 518 beta-D-glucopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-D-galactosidase, yielding a magenta precipitate and contained in a chromogenic culture media. It is an indolyl carbohydrate that is the alpha-D-mannoside of indoxyl, in which the indole moiety is substituted at positions 4 and 5 by chlorine and bromine, respectively.</p>

<p>Chromogenic α-mannosidase substrate yielding a absorbent solution upon cleavage. Also used for studies of the crystal structure of the complexes of concanavalin A and binding studies with concanavalin A.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxylphosphate, disodium salt trihydrate is a bioluminescent substrate that can be used in a variety of diagnostic applications. This compound reacts with luciferase to yield light and can serve as an indicator for various enzymes and chemical reactions. 5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxylphosphate, disodium salt trihydrate has been shown to be compatible with both culture media and food testing.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase</p>

<p>Substrate for the detection of beta-D-fucosidase</p>

<p>2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucosidases. In biochemical enzyme assays and in vitro diagnostics analysis, the substrate is used to monitor the glycosyltransferase activity. When 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside is cleaved by beta-glucosidase, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol is released and quantified.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-1-methyl-3-indolyl-β-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorescent substrate used for the detection of β-glucuronidase. It can be used in several enzyme substrates, such as 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), 5,5'-dithiobis(3,4,5,-trimethoxybenzoic acid), and 4-(p-[N-(7-(2,7'-dimethyl -2H -chromenyl)-2H -indazolium)]phenylazo)benzoic acid. This product is used for diagnostics and culture media as well as food testing. The product has an extremely high purity and a CAS number.</p>

<p>2-Naphthyl-lpha-D-glucopyranoside is a substrate for α-glucosidase. 2-Naphthol is released upon hydrolyzation. By simultaneous coupling with a suitable staining reagent, such as hexazonium p-rosaniline, the corresponding reddish-brown azo-dye is formed. Naphthols can also be detected by fluorescence analysis.</p>

<p>A chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase.</p>

<p>Chromogenic beta-Glucosidase substrate yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>2,4-Dinitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to assay enzymes, such as glucosidases. These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in sugars.</p>

<p>4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside tetraacetate is a drug that has been shown to have antidiabetic effects in diabetic patients. It has been shown to inhibit tyrosinase activity and increase the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in brain cells. This compound also has a protective effect against glutamate toxicity, and is being studied as a potential treatment for epilepsy. 4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside tetraacetate inhibits the production of tyrosinase, which is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. This process can be inhibited by inhibiting tyrosinase activity with 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside tetraacetate.</p>

<p>Aldol® 518 alpha-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of alpha-galactosidase activity. The enzyme substrate is cleaved by alpha-galactosidase positive bacteria and yeasts in liquid or solid media, yielding red color and red fluorescence signal. Aldol® 518 alpha-D-galactopyranoside can also be used to detect alpha-galactosidase (encoded by the Mel1 gene) in yeast gene reporter assays or for identification of alpha-gal positive transformants on agar plates. Aldol® 518 alpha-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for esterases</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for α-mannosidase yielding a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage.</p>

<p>2-Nitrophenyl a-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate commonly used to assay the activity of glucosidases. Upon cleavage of the glycosidic bond by glucosidases, the released 2-nitrophenyl group yields a yellow color detectable by spectrophotometry. This substrate has high sensitivity and is widely used in a variety of applications, including drug discovery and enzyme kinetics studies.</p>

<p>2-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellobioside heptaacetate is a chromogenic enzyme substrate used to assay for cellobiohydrolase activity. The substrate undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis, releasing 2-nitrophenol which can then be detected via absorbance at 400 nm. This type of substrate is also used for the analysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses in plant materials. The heptaacetate modification enhances solubility, making it ideal for use in organic solvents, and it also protects against unwanted hydrolysis by acid or alkali. The substrate can be used in a variety of applications, including enzyme assay development, screening for inhibitors or activators, and in the study of the mode of action and substrate specificity of cellulase enzymes.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indolyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate that yields a magenta-colored product after cleavage. The chromophore 5-bromo-6-chloro-indoxyl is released, generating the observable color. It is used in mucopolysaccharidosis screening.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for alkaline and acid phosphatase</p>

<p>5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indolyl acetate is a chromogenic substrate that yields a magenta-colored product after cleavage. The chromophore 5-bromo-6-chloro-indoxyl is released, generating the observable color. It is used in bacterial esterase detection (e.g. Staphylococcus spp.).</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl beta-L-arabinopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-L-arabinosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-L-arabinopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Bacterial arabinan degradation assays, gut microbiome analysis</p>

<p>Chromogenic β-glucuronidase substrate yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage. Used to detect E. coli contamination in food and drinking water due to their β-glucuronidase activity.</p>

<p>Aldol® 515 4-acetoxybutyrate solution, 0.75 M in DMSO, is a chromogenic substrate that can be used to measure the activity of aldolase. It is a liquid at room temperature and has a pH of 7.2. The Aldol® 515 4-acetoxybutyrate solution, 0.75 M in DMSO, is soluble in water and organic solvents such as DMSO and ethanol. This product does not contain any preservatives or additives and is suitable for use with humans and animals. Aldol® 515 4-acetoxybutyrate solution, 0.75 M in DMSO, is manufactured by Cymit Quimica under patents EP 2427431 and US 8940909.br&gt;br&gt;<br>Aldolase catalyzes the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate</p>

<p>2-Naphthyl b-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate specifically designed for the detection and quantification of β-mannosidase enzyme activity. Upon hydrolysis by β-mannosidase, this substrate releases a colored product, 2-naphthol, which can be easily monitored spectrophotometrically. The use of 2-Naphthyl b-D-mannopyranoside allows for the rapid and sensitive measurement of β-mannosidase activity in various applications, such as enzyme assays, screening for β-mannosidase-producing microorganisms, and studying the kinetics and inhibition of β-mannosidase enzymes.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-sulfate sodium salt is a lapis substrate, a chromogenic substrate that yields a deep blue color after cleavage. It is used in sulfatase activity assays and for the diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (Morquio A).</p>

<p>Aldol® 484 alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate for ?-glucosidase activity (EC 3.2.1.20, ?-1,4-glucosidase, also known as maltase). The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by bacteria producing this enzyme in liquid or solid media, yielding orange color. Green fluorescence is also generated if a suitable matrix is present such as: cellulose acetate filters, polypropylene tubes or microplates and polyethylene vials. Aldol® 484 alpha-D-glucopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for aryl-sulfatase. Yields a blue precipitate upon cleavage.</p>

<p>Substrate for hydrolases</p>

<p>Modified naphtol AS substrate used in histochemical and cytochemical staining</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indoxyl caprylate is a high quality, enzyme substrate, chromogenic substrate, bioluminescence, chemiluminescence ligand, staining and diagnostics reagent. It has CAS No. 159954-35-5 and is used in food testing, culture media and environmental testing. 6-Chloro-3-indoxyl caprylate is also a fluorogenic substrate that is used for high purity applications such as conjugation with other molecules.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for α-D-glucosidase yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage. Also used for the detection of glucansucrases and for yeast α-D-glucosidase and for studies of the crystal structure of the complexes of concanavalin A.</p>

<p>2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl beta-D-maltotrioside, often abbreviated as CNP-G3, is a chromogenic substrate to detect and mesaure alpha-amylase activity. Evaluation and monitoring of alpha-amylase activity is important to help diagnose certain diseases such as pancreatitis.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-D-thymidine-3'-phosphate cyclohexylammonium salt is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-D-thymidine-3'-phosphate cyclohexylammonium salt is used in immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot detection, immunoassays used to detect proteins.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indolyl α-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate that yields a magenta-colored product after cleavage. The chromophore 5-bromo-6-chloro-indoxyl is released, generating the observable color. It is used in Pompe disease diagnostics, a glycogen storage disorder, that measures the deffiency of alpha-glucosidase (GAA) that could lead to the accumulation of glycogen in lysosomes.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for β-D-glucuronidase (GUS) yielding a magenta precipitate. It is used fordetection of GUS+ bacterial colonies as analternative to 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-β-D-glucuronide (X-GlcA).</p>

<p>2-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a non-animal origin chromogenic substrate for the detection of beta-galactosidase activity. It is used in food testing, diagnostics, and environmental testing. 2-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is also used as a ligand in enzyme assays and a fluorogenic substrate for chemiluminescent reactions. This product is conjugated to HRP.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-sulfate potassium is a chromogenic substrate for N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-sulfate potassium is used in different applications such as the Mucopolysaccharidosis IIID (Sanfilippo D) screening</p>

<p>1-Naphthyl β-D-glucopyranoside can be used as a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucosidases. It can also be used as a fluorogenic substrate to study carbohydrate metabolism and in screening enzyme inhitibitors in pharmacologic research.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-L-rhamnoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of alpha-L-rhamnosidase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-L-rhamnoside is used in bacterial rhamnose metabolism studies (e.g. E. coli).</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl nonanoate is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in the detection of enzymes. The substrate reacts with various enzymes and produces a fluorescent product, which can be detected using a fluorimeter or luminometer. It has been shown to be active against β-galactosidase, α-chymotrypsin, and β-glucuronidase. This compound may also be used as an enzyme substrate for the detection of bacteria in culture media or for food testing. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3 indolyl nonanoate is not mutagenic or genotoxic when tested on bacterial cells.</p>

<p>1-Naphthyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the presence of beta-galactosidase enzymes. The enzyme cleaves the substrate to produce a colored product that can be quantified and visualized. This substrate is commonly used in applications such as the detection of lacZ gene expression in bacterial colonies or in histochemical staining of tissues to identify beta-galactosidase activity.</p>

<p>Aldol® 495 nonanoate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of lipase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by C9 esterases, yielding development of an orange coloration. In addition, green fluorescence is generated when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 495 nonanoate can be used in enzyme assays and live bacterial cultures. Aldol® 495 nonanoate is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>3-Indolyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that reacts with the enzyme β-galactosidase to produce a blue product. This product can be used to diagnose the presence of β-galactosidase in culture media, as well as in food and environmental testing. 3IAG is also a chromogenic substrate that can be used for detection of β-galactosidase activity.</p>

<p>Naphthol AS-D is a diagnostic chemical for phosphatase enzymes and is used to stain cells, tissues, and body fluids for diagnosis. The chemical reacts with the amino groups of proteins in cells and produces a brown color. Naphthol AS-D is not toxic to living cells in concentrations below 5%. It stains basophilic leukemia cells as well as brain cells. This chemical can be used to diagnose cutaneous lesions, such as psoriasis or melanoma, which are difficult to diagnose by standard methods.  present in these lesions and produce a brown color.</p>

<p>3-Indolyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a substrate used for the detection of the enzyme N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG). The enzyme hydrolyzes the NAG conjugate, releasing indole that can be detected through a colorimetric assay. This method is commonly used in clinical chemistry to evaluate kidney function, as NAG is excreted in urine and increased levels may indicate renal injury or disease. The indole NAG assay is also used in microbiology to detect the presence of NAG-producing bacteria.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate yielding a soluble yellow chromophor for the colorimetric assay of phosphatases.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indoxyl choline phosphate is a chromogenic substrate for phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) for the detection of mibrobial metabolites. The use of this specific substrate permits monitoring the activity of PC-PLC. This an important enzyme for the regulation of steady-state levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Abnormally high levels of PC-PLC activity in various tissues have been linked to many disease progressions.</p>

<p>3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) is an organic compound derived from benzidine. DAB is water-soluble as the tetrahydrochloride salt and is used in immunohistochemical staining of nucleic acids and proteins. Within research in Alzheimer's disease, Aβ protein amyloid plaques are targeted by a primary antibody, and subsequently by a secondary antibody, which is conjugated with a peroxidase enzyme. This will bind DAB as a substrate and oxidize it, producing an easily observable brown colour. 3,3’-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride hydrate is also available as the tetrahydrochloride salt and as the free base.</p>

<p>Bronze-Gal (Bronze-beta-D-galactopyranoside) is a chromogenic indicator for beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria in liquid media or on agar plates and yields a bronze colored precipitate. Bronze-Gal can also be used as detecting agent for beta-galactosidase activity in reporter gene assays or for identification of positive transformants on agar plates when using the α-complementation approach. Read more in the Application Notes.</p>