Antibiotiques Naturels et Semi-Synthétiques

<p>Applications Moxidectin is a macrocyclic lactone and semisynthetic derivative of nemadectin. Moxidectin is a parasiticide used for the prevention and control of heartworm and intestinal worms. Moxidectin is found in veterinary medicine used to treat animals such as dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bisset, S.A. et al.: New Zeal. Vet. J., 40, 97 (1992); Monahan, C.M. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 63, 225 (1996); Glickman, L.T. et al.: Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 3, 49 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tildipirosin is a novel 16-membered-ring macrolide used in veterinary medicine. Tildipirosin treats bacterial pathogens including Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida that cause respiratory tract infections in cattle and swine (BRD Bovine Respiratory Disease).<br>References Rose, M. et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., (2012); Anderson, N.M. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Antibiotic substance classified in the erythromycin-carbomycin group.<br>References Sous, H., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 8, 386 (1958), Mitscher, et al.: J. Antibiot., 26, 55 (1973)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Roxithromycin (R700850) structurally related substance in bulk samples. Roxithromycin impurity.<br>References Gasc, J., et al.: J. Antibiot., 44, 313 (1991, Chepkwony, H., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 914, 53 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Stability Sample is unstable in solution<br>Applications Erythromycin A N-oxide is a facile metabolite of erythromycin A.<br></p>

<p>Applications An antibacterial.<br>References Bauernfeind, A.: J. Antimicro. Chemother., 40, 639 (1997), Fukuda, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 1917 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic isolated from a strain of Streptomycetes fradiae found in soil from Thailand. Antibacterial. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hamill, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 11, 328 (1961), Corcoran, J.W., et al.: J. Antibiot., 30, 1012 (1977), Seno, E.T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 11, 455 (1977),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity F / USP Azithromycin Related Compound F<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Azithromycin impurity.<br>References Kirst, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 33, 1419 (1989), Fouda, H., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 17, 179 (1995), Gandhi, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 23, 1073 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Unstable in basic solution<br>Applications Oxytetracycline metabolite (absolute stereochemistry unknown).<br>References Paemen, L., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 105 (1996), Lykkeberg, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 34, 325 (2004), Li, D., et al.: Env. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 80 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Defluoro Linezolid is a defluorinated impurity of Linezolid (L466500).<br>References Kugelmann, E. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 54. 1047 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications BB-K 6 is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Kanamycin A (K137500).<br>References Naito, T. et al.: J. Antibiot., 26, 297 (1973); Cron, M.J. et al.: J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 6, 266 (1979); Nakagawa, S. et al.: Mircob. Drug Resist., 2, 269 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications Mutational biosynthetic antiparasitic antibiotic structurally related to the avermectins.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Dutton, C.J., et al.: J. Antibiot., 44, 357 (1991), Lavy, E., et al.: Res. Vet. Sci., 75, 217 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Cephapirin (C261500) in bovine milk.<br>References Moats, W., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 498 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Griseofulvin-d3 is the labeled analogue of Griseofulvin (G787500), an antifungal drug. It is used both in animal and in humans, to treat rigworm infections of the skin and nails. It is derived from the mold Penicillium griseofulvum.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br>References Oxford, et al.: Biochem. J., 33, 240 (1939); Townley, E.R., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 219 (1979)<br></p>

<p>Applications An antibacterial.<br>References Hirai, K., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 29, 1059 (1986), Weidekamm, E., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 31, 1909 (1987), Boerema, J.B.J., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 21, 140 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Rifampamycin (R508000).<br></p>

<p>Applications Orally active labelled triazole antifungal.<br>References Cacciapuoti, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44, 2017 (2000), Herbrecht, R., et al.: Int. J. Clin. Pract., 58, 612 (2004), Panackal, A., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 44, 1740 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity C<br>Applications Clarithromycin 9-Oxime (Clarithromycin EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Clarithromycin (C559750), a macrolide antibiotic.<br>References Stephanic, V. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 54, 719 (2011); Chen, X. et al.: Zhong. Yao., 17, 32 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isotope labelled Aztreonam (A965200), the first totally synthetic monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic.<br>References Sykes, R.B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 21, 85 (1982), Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 1 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Clarithromycin 9-Oxime is an impurity of Clarithromycin (C559750), a macrolide antibiotic.<br>References Stephanic, V. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 54, 719 (2011); Chen, X. et al.: Zhong. Yao., 17, 32 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ivermectin B1a-D2 is a deuterium labelled analogue of Ivermectin B1a (I940815), which is a major component of Ivermectin (I940800), a semi-synthetic derivative of Abamectin; consists of a mixture of not less than 80% component B1a and not more than 20% component B1b. Antihelmintic (Onchocerca). An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br>References Chabala, J.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 1134 (1980); Campbell, W.C., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Bennett, J.L., et al.: Parasitol. Today, 4, 226 (1988); Plaisier, A.P., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 172, 204 (1995);; Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ceftazidime EP Impurity E<br>Applications Ceftazidime t-Butyl Ester (Ceftazidime EP Impurity E) Ceftazidime t-Butyl ester is an impurity of Ceftazidime (C244100). Ceftazidime impurity C.<br>References Miyake, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 486, 182 (1989), Seibert, G., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 33, 1084 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desmethyl-6-O-methylerythromycin (9E)-Oxime is a derivative of Clarithromycin (C559750); a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic and derivative of Erythromycin (E650000).<br>References Benson, C., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 6, 173 (1987); Boyanova, L., et al.: J. Med. Microb., 61, 85 (2012); Lin, Z., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 126, 114 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A macrolide compound which is known to have antibacterial activity, and is useful in the therapy of bacterial infections in mammals. Antibiotic.<br>References Broto, P., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 19, 71 (1984), Farrar, V., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 3517 (1993), Clark, D., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 88, 807 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Ethylpiperazine is an intermediate in the production of Enrofloxacin.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chao, Q., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 7808 (2009), Bebbington, D., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 3586 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Erythromycin EP Impurity F<br>Applications Pseudo Erythromycin A Enol Ether (Erythromycin EP Impurity F) is an Erythromycin impurity.<br>References Lartey, P.A., et al.: Advan. Pharmacol., 28, 307 (1994), Tonini, M., et al.: Pharmacol. Res., 33, 217 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications (E)-6,6-Dimethylhept-2-en-4-yn-1-ol is an intermediate in the synthesis of N-Desmethyl Terbinafine (D294300), a metabolite of Terbinafine, an orally active, antimycotic allylamine related to naftifine.<br>References Humbert, H., et al.: Pharam. Drug Dispos., 19, 417 (1998); Vickers, A., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 1029 (1999); Iverson, S., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 14, 175 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Vancomycin Impurity<br>Applications An impurity in Vancomycin.A representative lot was 75% by HPLC with less than 0.1% vancomycin.<br>References Marshall, F.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 8, 18 (1965), Sheldrick, G.M., et al.: Nature, 271, 223 (1987), Dutca-Melan, S., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 33, 24 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Amoxicillin EP Impurity C ; Amoxicillin USP Related Compound C<br>Applications Amoxicillin Diketopiperazine (Amoxicillin EP Impurity C) is a major metabolite of Amoxicillin (AMO)(A634235).<br>References Dewdney, J., et al.: Food Chem. Toxic, 29, 477 (1991), Connor, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 46, 128 (1994), Hernandez, E., et al.: Vet. J., 170, 237 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Moxifloxacin intermediate.<br></p>

<p>Applications A Cycloserine dimer as potential impurity of drug Cycloserine (C988800).<br>References Perez-Sala, D., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 38,1037 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Terbinafine N-oxide is an impurity of Terbinafine (T107500), an antifungal that inhibits squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis.<br>References Petranyi, G., et al.: Science, 224, 1239 (1984); Ryder, N.S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 27, 252 (1985); Evans, E.G.V., et al.: Br. Med. J., 318, 1031 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Amoxycilloic Acid Sodium Salt is an impurity of Amoxicillin (A634235), a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Connor, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 46, 128 (1994); Van G., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 26, 139 (2003); Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979); Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Neamine is normally found as a core structure of aminoglycoside antibiotics. It is used in the synthesis of disaccharide neamine derivatives as antibacterial agents.<br>References Kawaguchi, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 25, 695 (1972), Fourmy, D., et al.: Science, 274, 1367 (1996), Riguet, E., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 4806 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Unstable in basic solution<br>Applications Oxytetracycline metabolite (absolute stereochemistry unknown)<br>References Paemen, L., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 105 (1996), Lykkeberg, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 34, 325 (2004), Li, D., et al.: Env. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 80 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity I<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications N’-Desmethyl Azithromycin (Azithromycin EP Impurity I) is a metabolite of Azithromycin (A927000) as potential anti-infective, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and prokinetic agent.<br>References Bright, G., et al.: J. Antibiot., 41, 1029 (1988), Goldman, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 34, 426 (1990), Gandhi, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 23, 1073 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Penicillamine is a metabolite of penicillin. L-Penicillamine is used in the treatment of Wilson’s disease, Cystinuria, Scleroderma and arsenic poisoning.<br>References Marti-Prats, L., et al.: Neurosci. Lett., 483, 143 (2010), Singh, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 99, 3931 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Florfenicol is a fluorinated derivative of thiamphenicol. Florfenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosome 50S and 70S subunits. Florfenicol is used as an antibacterial.<br>References Kim, E and Aoki, T.: Microbiol. Immunol., 40, 665, (1996), Keyes, K.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44, 421 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4a-Hydroxy Ivermectin is an impurity of Ivermectin (I940800), an antiparasitic drug that is active against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites and is used to treat scabies and lice in humans. An invitro inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2/ Covid-19.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Campbell, W., et al.: Science, 221, 823 (1983); Glaziou, P., et al.: Trop. Med. Parasitol., 45, 253 (1994); Meinking, T., et al.: New Engl. J. Med., 333, 26 (1995); Caly, L., et al.: Antivir. Res., 178<br></p>

<p>Applications Linezolid N-Oxide-D3 is a labelled analogue of Linezolid N-oxide (L466530). Linezolid N-oxide is a derivative of Linezolid (L466500), an oxazolidinone antimicrobial that is used to treat infections against gram-positive bacteria, especially those that are drug-resistant (such as Vancomycin [HCl: V096500] resistant enterococci). Linezolid works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.<br>References Dennis, L., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 34, 1481 (2002); Clemett, D. &amp; Markham, A.: Drugs, 59, 815 (2000); Gonzales, R., et al.: Lancet, 357, 1179 (2001); Tsiodras, S., et al.: Lancet, 358, 207 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Mupirocin EP Impurity E<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Mupirocin (M794000) impurity. The rearrangement isomer of Mupirocin is prepared using an enzyme-catalyzed, selective deesterification.<br>References Sime, J.T., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 28, 5169 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cefodizime is a third generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Cefodizime maybe useful in the treatment of otitis media, sinusitis and gynaecological infections, and for the prophylaxis or treatment of surgical infections.<br>References Barradel, L.B. et al.: Drugs, 44, 800 (1992); Kasai, K. et al.: Jap. J. Antibiot., 37, 1306 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications D-threo-(-)-2-Amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propanediol is an impurity of Chloramphenicol (C325030), a broad spectrum antibiotic agent obtained from cultures of the soil bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Mehta, J., et al.: J. Biotechnol., 155, 361 (2011); Samsonova, J.V., et al.: Anal. Lett., 43, 133 (2010); Cravedi, J. P., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxciol., 8, 642 (1995); Wal, J.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agent. Chemother., 24, 89 (1983);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity H/ Erythromycin EP Impurity L<br>Applications N-Demethyl-N-formylclarithromycin (Clarithromycin EP Impurity H) is an impurity of the semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic Clarithromycin (C559750).<br>References Chen, X. et al.: Zhong. Yao., 17, 32 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Descladinose 6-N-Desmethyl Azithromycin is a metabolite of Azithromycin (A927018), which is an azalide macrolide antibiotic.<br>References Hunter, R., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 26, 117 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Selamectin Impurity B<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 22,23-Didehydro Selamectin is an impurity of Selamectin (S247990) which is a topical parasiticide. Selamectin (S247990) is also used as a veterinary antihelminithic agent on animals.<br>References Eshar, D., et al.: J. Am. Veterin. Med. Association., 241, 1056 (2012); Geis-Asteggiante, L., et al.: J. Chromatograph., 1258, 43 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Tobramycin (T524000(P)), which is a single factor antibiotic comprising about 10% of nebramycin, the aminoglycosidic antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius; antibacterial.<br>References Brandl, M. et al.: Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 18, 1423 (1992); Murase, M. et al.: Prog. Antimicrob. Anticancer Chemother., Proc. Int. Congr. Chemother., 6, 1098 (1970); Koch, K.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 309 (1970); Welles, J.S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 22, 332 (1972); Dash, A.K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 24, 579 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity L<br>Applications Azithromycin N-Oxide (Azithromycin EP Impurity L) is an Azithromycin (A927000) impurity. A degradation products of Azithromycin.<br>References Anon., et al.: Pharmaeuropa, 13, 750 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Labelled N-Demethyl Rifampicin (D231250). N-Demethyl Rifampicin is a metabolite of Rifampicin (R508000).<br>References Marsili, L., et al.: J. Antibiot., 37, 1209 (1984), Nikaido, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 37, 1393 (1993), Piddock, L., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 45, 159 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Azithromycin, a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic; related to Erythromycin A. Antibacterial.<br>References Langtry, H.D., et al.: Drugs, 56, 273 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Mupirocin Lithium is a major component of the pseudomonic acid, an antibiotic complex produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIB 10586. Topical antibacterial.<br>References Hughes, J., et al.: J. Antibiot., 31, 330 (1978), Ward, A., et al.: Drugs, 32, 425 (1986), Casewell, M.W., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 19, 1 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity A<br>Applications 2,5-Pyrazinediethanol (Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Clavulanic acid (C563750). High concentrations of Clavulanic acid but not of its degradation products decrease glycerol consumption and oxygen uptake rates in cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus.<br>References Zupke, C., et al.: Biotechnol. Prog., 10, 489 (1994), Finlay, J., et al.: J .Antimicrob. Chemother., 52, 18 (2003), Alper, H., et al.: Science, 314, 1565 (2006), Brethauer, S., et al.: Biotechnol. Bioeng., 98, 356 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Sisomicin is an Antibacterial. Gentamicin-like aminoglycoside antibiotic; has broad spectrum antibiotic activity.<br>References Weinstein, M.J., et al.: J. Antibiot., 23, 551 (1970), Sculier, J.P., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 9, 63 (1982), Noone, P., et al.: Drugs, 27, 548 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the semi-synthetic cephalosporins synthesis. Found in Acremonium chrysogenum.<br>References Fukagawa, M. et al.; Agr. Biol. Chem. 55, 2163 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity N<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Azithromycin (A927000) impurity. A degradation products of Azithromycin.<br>References Anon., et al.: Pharmaeuropa, 13, 750 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Epothilones are polyketide natural products that inhibit cancer cells by a mechanism similar to paclitaxel, and also are effective against paclitaxel-resistant tumours. Epothilone D is in phase I clinical testing of in patients with advanced solid tumours. Epothilone D is a cytotoxic macrolide that stabilises malignant cells' microtubules and arrests mitosis, a characteristic it shares with other epothilones. They bind to the same hepatic sites as does paclitaxel (Taxol) in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of a, b-tubulin heterodimers.<br>References Bollag, D.M., et al.: Cancer. Res., 55, 2325 (1995), Hardt, I.H., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 64, 847 (2001), Gerth, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 55, 41, 45 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Gatifloxacin impurity.<br>References Naber, C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 45, 293 (2001), Herzler, M., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 27, 233 (2003), Li, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 35, 1101 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Terbinafine EP Impurity E Dihydrochloride Salt<br>Applications A Terbinafine dimeric impurity of the antifungal agent Terbinafine (T107500), an orally active, antimycotic allylamine related to Naftifine. A specfic inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. Antifungal. Also an impurity of SF 86-327 an antimycotic agent (2).<br>References 1. Petranyi G. et al.: Science. 1984 Jun 15;224(4654):1239-41. 2. Ryder, N et al.: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985 Feb;27(2):252-6.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Vancomycin Hydrochloride is an antibiotic used against gram-positive bacterial strains.<br>References Yao, N., et al.: Biopolymers, 90, 421 (2008); Lai, H., et al.: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 2046 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Erythromycin EP Impurity E<br>Applications Erythromycin A Enol Ether (Erythromycin EP Impurity E) is an impurity of Erythromycin.<br>References McGuire, J.M., et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 6, 281 (1952), Steffansen, B., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 56, 159 (1989), Goldman, R.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 34, 1973 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 6-Hydroxy-6-defluoro Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride (Ciprofloxacin EP Impurity F) is a the salt form of 6-Hydroxy-6-defluoro Ciprofloxacin (H825210), hydroxy analog of Ciprofloxacin (C482500).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ge, L., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 2400 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity C<br>Applications 3-Ethyl-2,5-pyrazinediethanol (Clavulanate Potassium EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Clavulanic acid (C563750). High concentrations of Clavulanic acid but not of its degradation products decrease glycerol consumption and oxygen uptake rates in cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus.<br>References Zupke, C., et al.: Biotechnol. Prog., 10, 489 (1994), Finlay, J., et al.: J .Antimicrob. Chemother., 52, 18 (2003), Alper, H., et al.: Science, 314, 1565 (2006), Brethauer, S., et al.: Biotechnol. Bioeng., 98, 356 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Aztreonam intermediate.<br>References Indelicato, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 75, 304 (1986), Kline, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 8, 73 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications A Florfenicol (F405750) intermediate as antibacterial agent.<br>References Kim, E, et al.: Microbiol. Immunol., 40, 665, (1996), Keyes, K.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44, 421 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of the fluorinated quinolone antibacterial Ciprofloxacin (C482500).<br>References Hoffken, G., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 375 (1985), Scully, B.E., et al.: Lancet, 1, 819 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Demeclocycline (Declostatin) is a tetracycline antibiotic from Streptomyces aureus that has antimicrobial activity and can be used to induce dysuria.</p>

<p>Impurity Clindamycin Phosphate EP Impurity L<br>Applications 7-Epiclindamycin 2-Phosphate (Clindamycin Phosphate EP Impurity L) is an impurity of Clindamycin (C580000), a semi-synthetic antibiotic prepared from Lincomycin. Antibacterial.<br>References Birkenmeyer, R.D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 616 (1970); Oesterling, et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 59, 63 (1970); Gray, J.E., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 21, 516 (1972); Brown, L.W., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 10, 75 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the production of biosynthetic antibiotics<br>References Horton, D., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 59, 452 (1974), Kamenik, Z., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 393, 1779 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications 8,9-Z-Abamectin B1a is a photodegradation product of Avermectin B1a (A794665); a natural product derived from the soil actinomycete Streptomyces avermitilis. It is an antiparasitic agent that paralyzes nematodes without causing hypercontraction or flaccid paralysis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lofgren, C.S., et al.: J. Econ. Entomol., 75, 798 (1982); Kass, I.S., et al.: P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77, 6211 (1980); Fritz, L.C., et al.: P. Natl. Acad, Sci. USA, 76, 2062 (1979); Maynard, M.S., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 37, 1487 (1989); Maynard, M.S., et al.: B. Environ. Contam. Tox., 43, 499 (1989); Crouch, L.S., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 39, 1310 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Stability: Hygroscopic<br>Applications: Posaconazole Succinyl Ester is the derivative of Posaconazole (P689600), which is an orally active triazole antifungal.<br>References Cacciapuoti, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44, 2017 (2000), Herbrecht, R., et al.: Int. J. Clin. Pract., 58, 612 (2004), Panackal, A., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 44, 1740 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications A labelled metabolite of Rifampicin.<br>References Blumenfeld,O.O., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 236, 2472 (1961), Cowxan, R.A., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 23, 799 (1966)<br></p>

<p>Applications (2S,3S)-3-Amino-2-[[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]butanoic Acid is an impurity of Aztreonam (A965200), the first totally synthetic monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic.<br>References Murugan, R., Narayanan, S.S.: Anal. Chem. Indian J., 8, 36 (2009); Sykes, R.B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 21, 85 (1982); Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 1 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications An carbapenem antibacterial.<br>References Shigemi, A., et al.: Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 34, 589 (2009), Miguet, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 5926 (2009), Zhao, W., et al.: J. Med. Microbiol., 58, 1080 (2009), Sanbongi, Y., et al.: Microbiol. Immunol., 53, 361 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Enrofloxacin USP Related Compound Mixture<br>Applications Fluorinated quinolone antibacterial. Enrofloxacin USP Related Compound Mixture.<br>References Altreuther, P., et al.: Vet. Med. Rev., 2, 87 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Linezolid USP Related Compound C<br>Applications An impurity of Linezolid (L466500), as antimycobacterial agent. Linezolid USP Related Compound C.<br>References Sato, K., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 347, 231 (1998), Maignan, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 3226 (2000), Tokuyama, R., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 49, 353 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Stability Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Amoxicilloic Acid Dimer is an impurity of Amoxicillin (A634528), a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin.<br>References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979);Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications A key intermediate in the manufacturing of Cephalosporin compounds.<br>References Choi, K., et al.: J. Antibio., 50, 279 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tacrolimus Hydrate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ogasawara, M., et al.: Mod. Rheumatol., 22, 831-836 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity G<br>Applications Clarithromycin (9E)-O-Methyloxime (Clarithromycin EP Impurity G) is an impurity of Clarithromycin (C559750), a macrolide antibiotic. Clarithromycin impurity G.<br>References Morgan, D., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 9, 261 (1991), Ishii, K., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 43, 1943 (1995), Langtry, H., et al.: Drugs, 53, 973 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Cefetamet is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic and the active agent of Cefeamet pivoxil (C242780) after hydrolysis.<br>References Bryson, H.M., et al.: Drugs., 45, 589 (1993); Sharma, R.K., et al.: Asian. J. Biochem. Pharmaceut. Res., 1, 443 (2011); Waters, N.J., et al.: Drug. Metabolism. Disposit., 38, 1159 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefalexin EP Impurity F<br>Applications Δ2-Cephalexin (Cefalexin EP Impurity F) is an isomeric impurity of the semi-synthetic antibiotic Cephalexin (C256800).<br>References Marincel, J. et al.: Acta Pharmacol Jugo., 38, 35 (1988); Hendrix, C. et al.: Arck. Pharm., 327, 215 (1994);<br></p>