Source botanique

Magnolol is a dual agonist of both RXRα and PPARγ, with EC50 values of 10.4 μM and 17.7 μM, respectively. Magnolol has antifungal, antibacterial, anti-oxidative, antidepressant-like, anti- tumor, and neuroprotective effects, it also prevents skin photoaging in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Magnolol has a wide spectrum of targets including TNF-α, NF-KB, GSK3β.

Salvianolic acid and notoginseng triterpenes can promote EA-hy926 and expression of protein, have protective effects on angiogenesis in EA-hy926 cells in vitro.

Silydianin, an active constituent of Silybium marianum, has inhibitory effect on on the in vitro production and release of oxidative products. Silydianin has possible antiinflammatory activity, which regulates caspase-3 activation, affects cell membranes and acts as a free radical scavenger.

Flavokawain B, the hepatotoxic constituent from kava root, induces GSH-sensitive oxidative stress through modulation of IKK/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Flavokawain B has potent anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities, it can significantly inhibit production of NO and PGE2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Flavokawain B acts through ROS generation and GADD153 up-regulation to regulate the expression of Bcl-2 family members, thereby inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HCT116 cells.

Glycyrrhizic acid has immunoregulatory function,it(up to 100 mg/ml) can inhibit interleukin-6 and elevate interleukin-10 production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages, and significantly inhibit proliferation of spleen lymphocytes; rectally administered glycyrrhizic acid has significant protective effects against TNBS-induced colitis in rats.

Quercetagetin may be a potent inhibitor of the STAT1 signal, which could be a new molecular target for anti-inflammatory treatment, and may thus have therapeutic applications as an immune modulator in inflammatory diseases such as AD. It has stronger inhibitory effects on the protein and mRNA expression of TARC and MDC than other flavonoids.

Liquiritin, a flavone compound derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it can effectively reverse alteration in immobility time and sucrose consumption, can increase SOD activity, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and lessen production of MDA, demonstrates that a potential antidepressant-like effect of liquiritin treatment on chronic variable stress can induce depression model rats, which might be related to defense of liquiritin against oxidative stress.

Notoginsenoside R1(NR1) is the main ingredient with cardiovascular activity in Panax notoginseng, which has some neuronal protective, antihypertensive,antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and immune-stimulatory activities. NR1 can counteract endotoxin-induced activation of endothelial cells in vitro and endotoxin-induced lethality in mice in vivo. NR1 inhibits TNF-α-induced PAI-1 overexpression via extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK1/2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling pathways, it attenuates amyloid-β-induced damage in neurons by inhibiting reactive oxygen species and modulating MAPK activation.

Germacrone, a natural product isolated from Rhizoma curcuma, can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated caspase pathway.

Wogonoside has anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anticancer effects, it may exert its anti-inflammatory effect via dual inhibition of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Wogonoside induced autophagy through the MAPK-mTOR pathway, it inhibited LTB 4 production at the concentration of 100 uM.

Sophoridine has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-arrhythmia, and affects the immune and central nervous systems. Early and short-time applying sophoridine has neuroprotective effect min permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) rat brain by down-regulating TRAF6 and up-regulating p-ERK1/2 expression, ameliorating brain infaction and edema. Sophoridine also possesses antiviral activities against Coxsackievirus B3, by regulating cytokine expression, may represent a potential therapeutic agent for viral myocarditis.

Isoescin IB is a natural product from Aesculus hippocastanum L.

Aristolochic acid II (AAII), one of the major components of the carcinogenic plant extract aristolochic acid, is known to be mutagenic and to form DNA adducts in vitro and in vivo,

SaikosaponinD (SSd) is a major triterpenoid saponin derivative from Radix bupleuri, which has been long used in Chinese traditional medicine for treatment of various inflammation-related diseases; it shows potent anti-inflammatory activity through inhibitory effects on NF-κB activation and thereby on iNOS, COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines.