Monosaccharides

Applications α-Methylglyceric Acid is a biogenic secondary organic aerosol used in air quality diagnosis.
References Ru, P., et. al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 8491 (2014); Napelenok, S.L., et. al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 464 (2014); Stone, E.A., et. al.: Environ. Chem., 9, 263 (2012)

a-D-Galactopyranosyl phenylisothiocyanate is a compound that is used in the synthesis of saccharides and oligosaccharides. It reacts with a variety of sugars, including glucose, sucrose, maltose and lactose, to produce methylated derivatives. This reagent is also useful for the synthesis of glycosides. The product can be used in custom synthesis or as a fluorinated carbohydrate.

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-L-rhamnopyranose is an acetylated disaccharide that is glycosylated with mercuric triflate and glycoalkaloid acceptors. It has been shown to be a glycosylation coupling agent for theophylline in solanum species. 1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-L-rhamnopyranose can also act as a steroidal glycoalkaloid acceptor and has been identified in Solanum species.

L-Mannonic acid-1,4-lactone is an acidic compound that has kinetic properties. It is used in the assays of chloride ions and neutral pH. L-Mannonic acid-1,4-lactone also has conjugates with hydrolytic activity and can be used as a synthetic intermediate for other organic compounds. L-Mannonic acid-1,4-lactone can be found in group P2 of the periodic table because it contains a hydroxyl group and an organic group with a methyl ethyl side chain. L-Mannonic acid-1,4-lactone hydrolyzes at high temperatures and may exhibit synergistic effects when combined with other agents. This product is also used to incubate cells such as k562 cells.

(2R, 4S) - 3- Fluoro- 2,4- azetidinedimethanol is a fluorinated monosaccharide. It is a synthetic compound that has been modified by methylation and Click chemistry. The fluorination of the sugar allows for high purity and modification of the carbohydrate. This compound is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, occurs widely in plants, such as, the fruits of the Sorbus and Crataegus spp.  Commercially it is produced by the catalytic hydrogenation of glucose (Collins, 2006).  Sorbitol is approved as a sugar substitute with the E number 420 and has ‘generally recognized as safe’ status (GRAS) from the US Food and Drug Administration. It is about 60% as sweet as sucrose and is a mild laxative.  Sorbitol has a wide range of other functional properties, including: humectancy, plasticizing ability, non-cariogenicity, and good chemical stability in harsh conditions, such as, alkaline pH and heat. Toothpaste production is the second largest application of sorbitol, accounting for 50,000 tons a year in Western Europe alone.  Other important uses of sorbitol as a humectant, include: formulation of cough syrups, multivitamin preparations, emulsions, and suspensions (O’Neil, 2013).

(-)-D-Noviose is a naturally occurring sulfoxide that was first isolated from the tubercles of tuberculosis patients. It is a biosynthetic precursor to tiacumicin, an antibacterial agent. In addition, (-)-D-Noviose has been shown to act as a chaperone and inhibit cancer cells in vitro. (-)-D-Noviose binds to the cysteine residues of proteins, preventing their oxidation and subsequent aggregation. This prevents the cross-linking of proteins that leads to cellular damage and death.