Monosaccharides

3-Deoxy-D-glucose (3DG) is a molecule that belongs to the class of carbohydrates. It is an analog of D-glucose, which is the key substrate for the production of energy in mammalian cells. 3DG has been shown to inhibit the uptake of glucose by trypanosomes and also inhibits glycolysis in mammalian cells. The inhibition of glycolysis may be due to its ability to prevent the phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase, thus blocking the conversion of glucose into glucose 6-phosphate. 3DG is biosynthesized from d-xylose, which is a five carbon sugar that can be oxidized to form CO2 and H2O.

Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid, specifically a galactolipid. MGDG is synthesized by plants and plays an important role in plant physiology. MGDG is involved in the regulation of transcription and translation and also has anti-cancer properties. It has been shown that MGDG can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells such as MDA-MB-231 cells through its interactions with miR-205, a microRNA that regulates cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The biochemical properties of MGDG are similar to those of diacylglycerol (DAG), which is also involved in transcriptional regulation. It has also been shown that MGDG inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells when exposed to high salt concentrations.

A protected glucofuranose.

Specific and potent inhibitor of lysosomal α-galactosidase with IC50 in nanomolar range. It acts as pharmacological chaperone and assists folding of the wild type and mutant versions of the enzyme. It places itself in the instable active site and prevents the damage to the enzyme during the passage through Golgi apparatus, endoplasmatic reticulum and lysosome axis. The exposure to this compound leads to increased levels of functional α-galactosidase in models for lysosomal storage disorders and brings therapeutic benefits to patients with Fabry disease.

1,2-ene-glucose is a methylated glucose that can be custom synthesized. It has been modified with a click modification and fluorination. It is an Oligosaccharide and Polysaccharide that is used as a Carbohydrate in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. The purity of 1,2-ene-glucose is high and it can be modified with Monosaccharides or sugar.

2-Deoxy-2-trifluoroacetamido-D-glucose (dTFA) is an acetal that is formed from the reaction of trifluoroacetic acid with 2-deoxy-2-trifluoroacetamido-D-glucose. This compound yields aldehydes, and can be used to form glycosidic bonds. It also has the ability to react with amino groups on peptides and proteins, forming acetals. 2-Deoxy-2-trifluoroacetamido-D-glucose has been shown to have a variety of functions including being a carbohydrate, an acetal, and an inhibitor of peptide bond formation.

2-Deoxy-D-xylose is a sugar that is metabolized by bacteria in the absence of oxygen. It has been shown to be highly chemotactic, inducing the migration of cells from the surrounding tissue into the area where it is present. 2-Deoxy-D-xylose has also been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis in vitro. 2-Deoxy-D-xylose binds to mitochondria and inhibits cytochrome oxidase, which may contribute to its anti-cancer activity. 2-Deoxy-D-xylose has also been shown to have angiogenic effects by stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration.