Monosaccharides

<p>Glycolytic inhibitor; pro-apoptotic; anti-cancer agent</p>

<p>Synthetic building block</p>

<p>D-Galactosamine (GalN) is an aldohexose (2-Amino-2-deoxygalactose) in which the hydroxyl group at position 2 is replaced by an amino group (Collins, 2006). Galactosamine (as the N-Acetyl derivative) forms a key part of both N- and O-linked glycoproteins, glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans. Treatment of experimental animals with D-galactosamine / lipopolysaccharide causes lethal liver injury characterized by apoptosis of the hepatocyte and it is used as a laboratory model to study the effect of therapeutic agents (Hirono, 2001).</p>

<p>Inhibits the Maillard reaction between glucose and glycine</p>

<p>(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3-O-Benzyl-3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid is a synthetic compound. It is a fluorinated glycosylated oligosaccharide with the molecular formula C14H21FNO6. This compound has been modified with methylation, monosaccharide and polysaccharide modifications. It is also a complex carbohydrate that can be custom synthesized and purified to high purity. CAS No.: 366864-11-1</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-1,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranose is a synthetic monosaccharide that can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of oligosaccharides. The compound is fluorinated and then reacted with acetyl chloride to produce an acetamido derivative. This product can be used for glycosylation reactions with polysaccharides. It has been shown to react with diols and triols to form methyl ethers via the Click chemistry reaction. 2-Acetamido-1,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-2,5,6,-triiodohexanoic acid is a modification of this product that has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth in vitro.</p>

<p>α-D-Mannose-1-phosphate sodium is a synthetically made mannose phosphate. This compound is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins.</p>

<p>3-O-Acetyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-a-D-glucofuranose is a synthetic sugar that contains an acetyl group at the C3 position and an isopropylidene group at the C6 position. It can be fluorinated at either the C3 or C6 position to produce 3-fluoro-, 3,5-, or 3,6-diacetyl derivatives. This molecule has a molecular weight of 514.2 g/mol and a melting point of 158 °C. It has been used in glycosylation reactions to prepare oligosaccharides for use as nonfouling materials and as biomaterials for drug delivery.</p>

<p>2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-L-fucose (2FF) is a fluorinated analogue of fucose that can be converted to GDP (Guanosine Diphosphate)-2FF in vitro, a competitive inhibitor of alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase V. It can also be metabolised inside the cell to a substrate-based inhibitor of fucosyltransferases. 2FF reduces fucosylation of IgG in antibodies, which increases therapeutic efficacies of antibodies that cause antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.</p>

<p>2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzyl-a-D-glucopyranosyl chloride is a cholic acid derivative that is used as a bile acid. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of gallstones and other conditions involving hypercholesterolemia and cholesterol gallstones. 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzyl-a-D-glucopyranosyl chloride is synthesized by coupling acetyl chloride with 2,3,4,6 tetra O benzyl a D glucopyranoside. The acetate group is then removed to form the desired product.</p>

<p>The synthesis of this compound is accomplished by a two-step process. First, the methylation of salicylic acid ethyl ester with sodium methoxide in methanol followed by the addition of b-D-glucuronide to afford the desired product. This compound is an example of an oligosaccharide with a complex carbohydrate structure. It can be modified to contain fluorine atoms or other functional groups and it has been shown to be synthesized from monosaccharides. The sugar chain can include a variety of saccharides, such as glucose, galactose, or fructose. The synthesis of this compound is accomplished by a two-step process. First, the methylation of salicylic acid ethyl ester with sodium methoxide in methanol followed by the addition of b-D-glucuronide to afford the desired product. This compound is an example of an oligosaccharide with a complex carbohydrate structure. It can</p>

<p>3-Deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-b-L-threopentofuranose is a carbohydrate that is a synthetic sugar. It has been modified with fluorination and methylation reactions. 3DIOBTP also has glycosylation and click modifications. This product is made to order and can be custom synthesized to meet the needs of your application. The purity of this product is high, making it useful for applications such as enzyme assays or other biochemical experiments.</p>

<p>3,5-((R)-Benzylidene)-6-deoxy-L-glucono-1,4-lactone is a synthesized sugar that can be modified to include fluorination, glycosylation, methylation and other modifications. It is an oligosaccharide with a saccharide backbone made up of glucose units. The monosaccharides are galactose and glucuronic acid. 3,5-(R) Benzylidene)-6-deoxy-L-glucono-1,4-lactone is used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates for research purposes.</p>

<p>Trichloroethyl b-D-glucuronide potassium salt (TCEBG) is a chloral compound that is metabolized to trichloroacetic acid. It has been shown to be carcinogenic in rats, but not in mice. Trichloroethyl b-D-glucuronide potassium salt has been used as an experimental agent for the synthesis of monoclonal antibodies. TCEBG binds to rat liver microsomes and CD1 mouse liver microsomes, which may be due to its high lipophilicity. TCEBG also disrupts cell membranes and induces cell death by inhibiting protein synthesis at the ribosome level.</p>

<p>Phenyl b-L-thiofucopyranoside is a custom-synthesized, fluorinated, modified sugar that is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. This compound is an excellent choice for methylation reactions due to its high reactivity and stability under harsh conditions. Phenyl b-L-thiofucopyranoside can be used as a precursor for the synthesis of saccharide derivatives, such as monosaccharides and complex carbohydrates. It has been shown to be stable to heat and pH extremes, making it ideal for use in organic syntheses.</p>

<p>6-O-Benzyl-1-(-)-carboxymenthyl-2,3:4,5-di-O-cyclohexylidene-L-myo-inositol is a synthetic oligosaccharide with the chemical formula C9H14FNO5. It is a monosaccharide composed of a single sugar unit, inositol, which has been modified with benzyl groups on the 6th and 1st positions of the inositol ring. This compound is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other saccharides.</p>

<p>L-Galactono-1,4-lactone is a biochemical compound that is found in plants and some living cells. It is an intermediate in the Krebs cycle and can be used as a nutrient solution for plant science research. L-Galactono-1,4-lactone has been shown to have enzyme activities on chronic exposure to sephadex g-100. This compound also has an optimum pH of 5.2 and shows acid formation with titration calorimetry. L-Galactono-1,4-lactone is also used in vitro assays for polymerase chain reactions (PCR).</p>

<p>6-O-Acetylglycitin is a bioactive compound that has been shown to have many physiological activities. It is the acetylated form of glycitin, which is a precursor in the synthesis of glycogen in the liver. 6-O-Acetylglycitin has been shown to promote the repair mechanism of hepatic steatosis and exhibits anti-cancer effects by inhibiting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and uvb-induced polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This compound also inhibits growth of cancer cells in vitro. 6-O-Acetylglycitin has been shown to have an analog with pharmaceutical preparations.</p>

<p>2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-D-mannopyranosyl fluoride is a methylated, fluorinated oligosaccharide. It is a custom synthesis and can be used as a monosaccharide to modify polysaccharides or saccharides. The modification of the sugar with 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-D-mannopyranosyl fluoride increases the water solubility of the complex carbohydrate and its ability to be synthesized into other compounds. This product is high purity and has been modified with fluorine for better stability.</p>

<p>Allitol is a sugar alcohol that is used as a sweetener. It can be found naturally in some fruits and vegetables, but it can also be produced by hydrogenation of xylose. Allitol is metabolized by the liver and has been shown to inhibit fatty acid synthesis. It also has insulin-resistance effects, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the conversion of glucose into fatty acids. Allitol has been shown to decrease the levels of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which may lead to an increase in gastric pH. Allitol will react with strong bases such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide to form d-talitol and polycarboxylic acid, respectively. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be used to study the biochemical properties of allitol because it has a unique magnetic resonance spectrum (MRS).</p>

<p>1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-galactopyranose is a fluorinated sugar that is used in the synthesis of glycosides. It is a synthetic compound that is prepared by reacting 1,3,4,6-tetraacetyl galactose with potassium bifluoride and diethyl oxalate in presence of anhydrous sodium sulfate. The product obtained has the following structural formula: The chemical name for this compound is 1,3,4,6-Tetraacetyl -2-[(1R)-1-(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl]-2-(fluorooxymethyl) -D-galactopyranose. The CAS number for this compound is 83697–45–4.</p>

<p>Methyl 3,4-di-O-acety-2-O-benzyl-β-D-xylopyranoside is a selectively protected xylose building block.</p>

<p>Tizoxanide O-b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is a synthetic glycosylate of tizoxanide, which is a sulfonamide antibacterial agent. The drug has broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as anaerobic bacteria. Tizoxanide O-b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is also effective against mycoplasma, chlamydia, and rickettsia. This compound can be formulated in the form of a sterile powder for intravenous injection or oral administration. It is used to treat infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotic drugs. Tizoxanide O-b-D-glucuronide sodium salt has an excellent safety profile in humans with no significant side effects reported.</p>

<p>2-Iodoethyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-a-L-fucopyranoside is a synthetic glycosylate compound that can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of oligosaccharides. It has been modified with methylation and fluorination to introduce new functional groups. This product is highly pure and can be custom synthesized to meet your needs.</p>

<p>D-Glucuronic acid methyl ester is an acidic, carbohydrate-binding molecule. It has been shown to bind to sugar residues in proteins and form covalent linkages with ester linkages. D-Glucuronic acid methyl ester has also been shown to be effective for the treatment of pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) induced inflammation in animal models. D-Glucuronic acid methyl ester binds to the monoclonal antibodies that are used for structural analysis of glycosidic bonds and oligosaccharides. The hydroxyl group on the molecule can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules, which may explain its usefulness as a magnetic resonance spectroscopy probe.</p>

<p>1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-benzoyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-a-D-mannopyranose is a custom synthesis of a complex carbohydrate. It is an Oligosaccharide that is Polysaccharide in nature. The saccharide has been modified with Methylation and Glycosylation. Carbohydrate modifications include Click modification and Fluorination. CAS No. 1222709-51-4. 1,2,3,4 Tetra O benzoyl 6 O tert butyldimethylsilyl a D mannopyranose has high purity with a purity greater than 99%.</p>

<p>4-Iodophenyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a white crystalline powder. It is a glycosylation product of 4-(iodophenyl)-2-(acetamido)-3,4,6,-triacetylaminohexose. This compound can be used for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates and saccharides. This compound is also used in the modification of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. The purity of this compound is greater than 98%.</p>

<p>Epidermal growth factor is a polypeptide that regulates the proliferation and differentiation of cells. It has been shown to have anabolic effects on muscle, connective tissue and bone. Epidermal growth factor binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is found in the cell membrane. The binding of the ligand to this receptor induces a conformational change in the receptor, which activates downstream signalling pathways, leading to its biological effects. Epidermal growth factor has been shown to stimulate protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cells by increasing levels of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) encoding for insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). This stimulation is mediated by an increase in cAMP concentrations induced by EGFR activation.br&gt;br&gt;</p>

<p>4-O-Acetyl-2,5-anhydro-1,3-isopropylidene-D-glucitol (4AIG) is a modification of glucose. 4AIG is a white to light yellow crystalline solid that melts with decomposition at 150°C. It is soluble in water and acetone but insoluble in ether. 4AIG can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.</p>

<p>D-Digitalose is a cardenolide glycoside that was first isolated from the plant genus Digitalis. It is a molecule with two epoxide groups, which are chemical transformations of the original steroid glycosides. It has been shown to have cardiac activity and can be used as an ethanol extract in chemotherapy drug treatments. D-Digitalose has also shown to be effective against acuminatum, which is a type of fungus.</p>

<p>2'-Phospho-cyclic ADP-ribose is a structural analog of the dinucleotide phosphate, ADP-ribose. It has been shown to inhibit the uptake of adp-ribose and to block the transfer reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes such as phosphodiesterases and nucleoside diphosphate kinase. 2'-Phospho-cyclic ADP-ribose can be used to inhibit skin cancer and other cancers. The compound has been shown to inhibit cell function in skin cells, which may be due to its ability to activate apoptosis.</p>

<p>3,5-o-Benzylidene-d-lyxuronic acid is a carbohydrate derivate that is used in the modification of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. 3,5-o-Benzylidene-d-lyxuronic acid can be synthesized by reacting 3,5-dibenzyloxybenzoic acid with an alcohol or amine. This compound has a CAS number of 4891-57-3. It is a white to off white powder that has a molecular weight of 264.24 g/mol and chemical formula C21H28O4. The sugar chain contains an acetal group at the C2 position of the sugar ring and two benzyl groups at the C6 position of the sugar ring. 3,5-o-Benzylidene-d-lyxuronic acid is soluble in water and acetone but insoluble in ether or chloroform.</p>

<p>2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-pivaloyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl isothiocyanate is a custom synthesis that has complex carbohydrate as its main component. It is a modified saccharide with chemical modifications such as methylation, glycosylation, and fluorination. It also contains one or more sugars. The CAS number for this product is 147948-52-5. This product has high purity and can be synthesized according to customer specifications.</p>

<p>2,3,4-Tri-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose is a thioglucoside that can be synthesized from D-glucose and benzyl bromide. This compound is a protonated nucleophile with a hydroxyl group that can interact with the sulfur of a thiol or disulfide group. The interaction between 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose and S. aureus has been shown to be dependent on the concentration of 2,3,4 tri O benzyl glucopyranose. The reaction between this compound and oligosaccharides led to the formation of dioxane ring structures that were hydrophobic.</p>

<p>L-Erythrono-1,4-lactone is a dicarboxylic acid that is synthesized from l-threonic acid and d-arabinose. L-Erythrono-1,4-lactone is biosynthesized by the conversion of l-serine to pyruvate and then to erythrose 4-phosphate. This compound is also produced by the oxidation of ascorbic acid and can be used for the synthesis of dermatan sulfates. The accumulation of L-Erythrono-1,4-lactone in high concentrations has been found in patients with dermatan sulfate deficiency.</p>

<p>5-Fluorouridine 5'-Diphosphate Galactose is a nucleotide that is used as an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase. It is a chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits the production of DNA and RNA, which leads to the death of tumor cells. 5-Fluorouridine 5'-Diphosphate Galactose binds to a specific site on the enzyme thymidylate synthase, preventing it from catalyzing the conversion of thymine to thymine monophosphate. This prevents DNA synthesis and also causes the death of tumor cells due to lack of DNA and RNA synthesis.<br>5-Fluorouridine 5'-Diphosphate Galactose is synthesized from uracil and galactose. It is converted into 5-fluorouridine 5'-diphosphate by pyrophosphatase, which then reacts with ATP or GTP to form 5-fluorouridine</p>

<p>Ethyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-thioglucopyranoside is a sugar that is used in the synthesis of glycosylates. It has been shown to be modified by Click chemistry, which allows for the introduction of fluorine atoms onto the sugar molecule. This compound can also be modified with methyl groups, which are added to the hydroxyl group on C2. Ethyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-thioglucopyranoside is an oligosaccharide that can be used as a building block for polysaccharides and saccharides. This product is typically used in high purity and in custom synthesis.</p>

<p>D-Mannuronic acid (ManA) is a hexuronic acid having the CH2OH at C5 of mannose replaced by a carboxyl group (Collins, 2006). The major source of D-mannuronic acid is the polysaccharide, alginic acid, found in brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae). The polysaccharide is a linear glycuronan consisting of (1+4)-linked residues of D-mannuronic acid and L-guluronic acid arranged in a block fashion in the polymer chain, with blocks containing one type of residue being separated by segments in which the two residues aIternate (Percival, 1967). In addition to algal sources, two genera of bacteria have been shown to secrete alginate-like polysaccharides, Pseudomonas and Azotobacter. Most of the research into bacterial alginate biosynthesis has been conducted on the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa or the soil dwelling Azotobacter vinelandii. In both cases, bacterial alginate is partially acetylated (Hay, 2013).</p>

<p>2-Aminoethyl 5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-a-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosidonic acid is a synthetic glycosylate carbohydrate used in the synthesis of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. This product is custom synthesized to order and can be modified with fluorination, methylation, click modification, or saccharide modification. 2AAEDG2NA has a CAS number of 38971-42-5 and is sold in high purity.</p>

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-b-D-glucopyranoside (MPEG) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the glycoprotein MART1 on melanoma cells. It is used in the diagnosis of cancer and has been shown to be effective in reducing tumor size in patients with metastatic melanoma. MPEG has also been shown to have a therapeutic effect against chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In addition, it may be used as a complement dependent cytotoxicity agent for the treatment of leukemia and other cancers.</p>

<p>1,2,3-Tri-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-b-D-galactopyranose is a synthetic glycosylate that can be used for the introduction of oligosaccharide chains onto proteins. It is a monosaccharide and part of a complex carbohydrate. 1,2,3-Tri-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylideneb -D galactopyranose can be methylated and fluorinated. The synthesis of this compound is custom, making it possible to order in high purity.</p>

<p>Phenyl-6-azido-6-deoxy-2,3,4-tris-O-(phenylmethyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside is an oligosaccharide that can be used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. This compound has a CAS number of 260976-50-9 and a molecular weight of 536. It can be used as a synthetic intermediate in the production of saccharides and sugar derivatives. Phenyl 6 Azido 6 Deoxy 2,3,4 Tris O (phenylmethyl) 1 Thio β D Galactopyranoside is soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents. It is also stable under acidic conditions and can be easily converted to other compounds with different functional groups.</p>

<p>Duloxetine-4-hydroxy-D-glucuronide is a synthetic, fluorinated derivative of duloxetine. It is an active metabolite of the antidepressant drug duloxetine and has been shown to have similar pharmacological activity. Duloxetine-4-hydroxy-D-glucuronide is prepared by click chemistry from 4-(dihydroxymethyl)benzaldehyde and 2,3,4,6-tetrabromobenzene. The product can be purified by crystallization or recrystallization from methanol. Duloxetine-4-hydroxy-D-glucuronide is a white powder that can be modified with saccharides for glycosylation or with polysaccharides for complex carbohydrate synthesis.</p>

<p>N-(7-Oxadecyl)deoxynojirimycin is a chaperone protein. It belongs to the group of proteins that are deficient in patients with type 1 glycogen storage disease and can be used to treat this condition. N-(7-Oxadecyl)deoxynojirimycin has been shown to bind to the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby preventing the maturation of certain proteins and their transport into other cellular compartments. This agent also has a protective function in muscle cells by preventing protein degradation due to abnormal folding or misfolding. The long-term effect of N-(7-Oxadecyl)deoxynojirimycin on skeletal muscle is unclear, although it has been found to be beneficial in the short term for patients with type 1 glycogen storage disease.</p>

<p>(3R, 5R) -1-Benzyl-3, 4, 5- piperidinetriol is a modification of the parent compound. The modification of the parent compound is accomplished by the introduction of a benzyl group at the 3' and 5' positions of the molecule. This modification can be used to synthesize oligosaccharides, which are complex carbohydrates. (3R, 5R) -1-Benzyl-3, 4, 5- piperidinetriol is synthesized from high purity (99%) monosaccharide methylated with formaldehyde in aqueous solution with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide as catalysts. It has CAS number 8056-97-2 and molecular weight of 231.24 grams per mole.</p>

<p>1-Deoxy-1-fluoro-D-tagatose is a sugar with the chemical formula C6H12O6. It has a high purity and can be custom synthesized. The modification of this sugar includes fluorination, glycosylation, and methylation. 1-Deoxy-1-fluoro-D-tagatose is also an oligosaccharide that consists of one monosaccharide and one saccharide. This compound belongs to the group of complex carbohydrates because it is made up of many different sugars that are linked together in chains.</p>

<p>Phenylethyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a galactose compound that can be hydrolyzed by esterases in the presence of water. It is toxic to organisms, such as E. coli and S. typhimurium, at high concentrations and can be used for the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria. Phenylethyl b-D-galactopyranoside has been shown to have a permeability effect on cells, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the production of ATP in the cell membrane by blocking specific enzymes that are responsible for ATP synthesis.</p>

<p>2-Azido-2-deoxy-3,5-O-isopropylidene-D-xylono-1.4-lactone is a glycosylation agent that can be used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates and saccharides. This compound is fluorinated at the 3 position and then modified with a click chemistry reaction to introduce an azide group. The azide group can be used for subsequent modifications such as Polysaccharide, Fluorination, or Click modification. 2-Azido-2-deoxy-3,5-O-isopropylidene -D-xylono--1.4--lactone has CAS number 79840–01–8 and is custom synthesized to high purity for research purposes only.</p>

<p>1-Cyano-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-toluoyl-a-D-ribofuranose is a fluorinated monosaccharide that is synthesized by the glycosylation of 1,2:3,4:6,7:8,9-hexahydrobenzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2a]pyrazinone with 2,6:3',5'-dioxo-[1]benzothiophene. This compound has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the enzyme glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and may have potential as a therapeutic agent for type II diabetes.</p>

<p>(2S, 3R, 4R, 5R, 6R) -6- (Hydroxymethyl) -2-phenyl-3, 4, 5- piperidinetriol is a synthetic glycosylate monosaccharide that has been modified with fluorine and methyl groups. This compound is used as a building block in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. It is also an important intermediate for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and saccharides.</p>