Étalons relatives aux composés organiques volatils (COV)

Stability Volatile
Applications 1-Propanol is a low molecular weight alcohol that is currently being investigated as an alternative fuel for direct methanol/oxygen fuel cells. 1-Propanol is also used as a coupling and dispersing agent in the pharmaceutical and chemicals industries.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Gupta, M., et al.: Fluid Phase Equil., 244, 26 (2006); Lamy, C., et al.: J. Appl. Electrochem., 31, 799 (2001); Wang, J., et al.: J. Electrochem. Soc., 142 (1995)

Stability Light Sensitive, Volatile
Applications Trichloroacetonitrile is a by-product of the chlorine disinfection of water and is commonly used as a fumigant. It is also used as a direct alkylating agent and reacts with primary and secondary aliphatic amines to produce N-substituted trichloroacetamidines.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Christ, S.: J. Toxicol. Env. Health A, 47, 233 (1996); Davies, M. & Jenkin, D.: J. Chem. Soc., No vol. given, 2374 (1954); Grivas, J. & Taurins, A.: J. Chem., 36, 771 (1958)

Applications A volatile halogenated methane present in trace amounts in drinking water as a result of the water treatment process. It is useful as chain transfer agents in PVC polymerization.
References Stanaback, R.J.: Tech. Pap. Soc. Plast. Engin., 23, 262 (1977); Nestmann, E.R. et al.: Water Chlorin. Env. Impact Health. Eff., 4, 1151 (1983);

Applications 1,2-Dichlorobenzene is used as an organic solvent in a wide array of chemical reactions. Also known to cause oxidative stress and induction of apoptotic markers in lung epithelial cells. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene is a side product of the production of chlorobenzene.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Peljo, P. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, 5974 (2012); Morbt, N. et al.: J. Proteome Res., 10, 363 (2011); Serguchev, Y.A., et al.: Theoretic. Experiment. Chem., 47, 123 (2011); Aracil, I., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 4169 (2010);

Applications 2-Methoxypropanol is a susbtance used in the relative parameter sensitivity in prenatal toxicity studies with substances classified as developmental toxicants. Also applied in the studies for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in cigarette packaging materials by SPME-GC/MS.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Rorije, E., et al.: Reprod. Toxicol., 34, 284 (2012); Hong, W, et al.: Fujian Fenxi Ceshi, 19, 24 (2010)

Applications Tetrachloroethylene is a common industrial solvent that is often found as a contaminant in groundwater. Tetrachloroethylene is also a suspected carcinogen to humans and is difficult to degrade biologically as it has no natural source. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Fathepure, B. & Boyd, S.: Appl Environ. Microb., 54, 2976 (1988); Ryoo, D., et al.: Nat. Biotech., 18, 775 (2000); Vogel, T. & McCarty, P.: Appl. Environ. Microb., 49, 1080 (1985)

Applications cis-1,3-Dichloropropene (CAS# 10061-01-5) is a useful research chemical compound.

Applications Isotope labelled 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane is a material used in the manufacturing of thermoelectric material including carbon nanotubes. It was primarily used as a solvent however due to toxicity it is no longer a viable compound.
References Basu, D. et al.: J. Environ. Sci. Health. A. Tox. Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng., 47, 638 (2012);

Applications Tetrabromoethane (CAS# 79-27-6) is a useful research chemical compound.

Applications Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is used as an urinary biomarker as a tool for early screening of potential kidney toxicity. Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) causes kidney injury. Flame Retardant; One of the new POPs under the Stockholm Convention.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Wolf, C., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 228, 202 (1984), Birner, G., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 132, 203 (1995), Kirby, G., et al.: Toxicol. Pathol., 23, 303 (1995), Kharasch, E., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 90, 419 (2006),

Stability Volatile
Applications n-Hexane is an industrial chemical and also found in natural gas, crude oil and gasoline. It is used as an organic solvent for extraction.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Laily, N., et al.: Pharmacogn J. 9, 280 (2017); Nyaba, L., et al.: J. Mol. Liq. 231, 154 (2017)

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications 1,1-DCE is mainly used as a comonomer in the polymerization of vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, and acrylates. It is also used in semiconductor device fabrication for growing high purity silicon dioxide films.
E3
References Otsu, T., et al.: J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem., 30, 1559 (1992); Jenkins, A., et al.: Macromol. Symposia, 111, 159 (1996); Eur. Polym. J., 10, 481 (1974)

Applications Trichloroethylene is a common industrial solvent that is used in dry cleaning and metal degreasing. Trichloroethylene is also a suspected carcinogen to humans, and is a common groundwater contaminant.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Little, D., et al., Appl. Env. Microb., 54, 951 (1988); Vogel, T. & McCarty, P.: Appl. Environ. Microb., 49, 1080 (1985); Wartenberg, D., et al.: Environ. Health Persp., 108, 161 (2000)

Applications 4-Chlorodiphenyl Ether is a standard for environmental testing and research. Biodegradability studies with organic priority pollutant compounds.
References Tabak, H. H., et al.: J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 53, 1503 (1981)