Étalons de l'industrie alimentaire

<p>Applications T2 Tetraol is a type A trichothecene mycotoxin.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Toxic<br>Applications A mycotoxin produced by mold associated with corn. Inhibitor of sphingosine N-acyltransferase. Blocks the formation of ceramide from sphingosine.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Monbaliu, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 10475 (2010), Klosowski, G., et al.: Biores. Technol., 101, 9723 (2010), Soerensen, L., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 398, 1535 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ochratoxins are toxic metabolites from Aspergillus orchraceus.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Belli, N., et al.: Int. J. Food Microb., 96, 19 ( 2004), Pardo, E., et al.: Food Microb., 23, 35 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected Patulin.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications HT-2 Toxin is a trichothecene group mycotoxin. HT-2 Toxin is the 4-hydroxy analogue of T-2 Toxin (T002980) which has been shown to induce DNA damage and cell death on prolonged administration.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Weidner, M. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 60, 5676 (2012); Choi, H. et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 240, 46 (2009); Amuzie, C. et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 113, 412 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Alternariol 9-Methyl Ether 3-Sulfate Ammonium Salt is a derivative of Alternariol 9-Methyl Ether (A575770) which is an alternaria mycotoxin and genotoxin, found in common edible crops. It inhibits the activity of various DNA-topoisomerases, increasing he rate of DNA strand breaks.<br>References Asam, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 5152 (2009); Fehr, M., et al.: Mol. Nut. Food Res., 53, 441 (2009); Tiemann, U., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 186, 139 (2009); Hawas, U., et al.: Appl. Biochem. Micro., 51, 579 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications A mycotoxin produced by Fusarium, having immunosuppressive and carcinogenic properties.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Alvarez, C., et al.: Int. J. Food Microbiol., 135, 131 (2009), Steinmetz, W., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 4485 (2009), Tanaka, H., et al.: J. Health Sci., 56, 188 (2010), Monbaliu, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 66 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Isotope labelled β-Zearalenol is an more active metabolite of Zearalenone (Z270500), a estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi commonly found in grains.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Olsen, M., et al.: Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 48, 15 (1981), Chang, W., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 887 (1984), El Golli, E., et al.: Toxicol Lett., 166, 122 (2006), Hassen, W., et al.: Toxicology, 232, 294 (2007), Benzoni, E., et al.: Reprod. Toxicol., 25, 461 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Sterigmatocystin is a carcinogenic mycotoxin that is struturally related to Aflatoxin. Sterigmatocystin has been shown to inhibit RNA synthesis in rat liver nuclei.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Nel, W. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 19, 957 (1970); Purchase, I.F.H. et al.: Food Cosm. Toxicol., 8, 289 (1970);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Patulin (PAT), a mycotoxin produced by certain species of Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys, is mainly found in ripe apple and apple products. Patulin-induced genotoxicity and modulation of glutathione in Hep G2 cells. Patulin is an antibiotic. Patulin-induced nephropathy and gastrointestinal tract malfunction have been demonstrated in several animal models. The oral LD50 value of patulin ranges between 29 and 55 mg/kg body weight in rodents and 170 mg/kg body weight in poultry. The World Health Organization considers patulin cytotoxic and established a safety level of patulin in apple juice at 50 μM. At 100-200 μM, patulin can directly increase intracellular oxidative stress in HEK293 and HL-60 cells. In 1944, this compound was tested in a clinical trial for potential antibiotic<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Scott, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 20, 450 (1972), Aden, D., et al.: Nature, 282, 615 (1979), Surralles, J., et al.: Mutat. Res., 341, 169 (1995), Alves, I., et al.: Mutagenesis, 15, 229 (2000), Liu, B., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 191, 255 (2003), Puel, O., Galtier, P., and Oswald, I.P. Biosynthesis and toxicological effects of patulin. Toxins 2(4) 613-631 (2010). Liu, B., Wu, T., Yu, F., et al. Induction of oxidative stress response by the mycotoxin patulin in mammalian cells. Toxicol Sci 95(2) 340-347 (2007). Chalmers, I., and Clarke, M. Commentary: The 1994 patulin trial: The first properly controlled multicentre trial conducted under the aegis of the British Medical Research Council. Int J Epidemiol 32 253-260 (2004).<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A mycotoxin produced by mold associated with corn. Fungal metabolite believed to cause leukoencephalomalacia in horses.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br>References Monbaliu, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 10475 (2010), Klosowski, G., et al.: Biores. Technol., 101, 9723 (2010), Soerensen, L., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 398, 1535 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ochratoxins are toxic metabolites from Aspergillus orchraceus.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Belli, N., et al.: Int. J. Food Microb., 96, 19 ( 2004), Pardo, E., et al.: Food Microb., 23, 35 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Antibiotic substance produced by a white spore aspergilus which has been placed under the species name Aspergillus niveus. Also produced in small quantities by Penicillium citrinum.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ciegler, A., et al.: Appl. Microbiol., 26, 271 (1973), Creppy, E., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 28, 29 (1985), DeGroene, E., et al.: Cancer Res., 56, 299 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications T-2 Toxin is a tricothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. T-2 Toxin induces DNA damage and cell death on prolonged administration.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kim, C., et al.: Cancer Res., 57, 3115 (1997), Bottrel, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1999, 43, 856 (1999), Murray, P., et al.: J. Immunol., 178, 2623 (2007), Choi, H., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 240, 46 (2009), Amuzie, C., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 113, 412 (2010),<br></p>