APIs pour la recherche et les impuretés

Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4PB) is an investigational agent that has been shown to have a significant up-regulation of the protein toll-like receptor 4 in neural cells. It also has been shown to have prophylactic antibiotic activity, which may be due to its ability to inhibit fungal growth. In addition, 4PB has been shown to have a profound effect on the levels of phenylbutyrate in cell cultures. 4PB is being investigated for its effect on neurological diseases such as chronic liver disease and kidney injury. The results of these studies are not yet available.

Lansoprazole sulfone is a prodrug of lansoprazole that is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Lansoprazole sulfone has a pharmacokinetic profile similar to the parent drug and is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults. The human pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole sulfone have been determined using recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes and analytical methods. Lansoprazole sulfone has been shown to be effective against gastric acid secretion, with an activity index of 0.15-0.3 for inhibiting gastric acid secretion. It also has low protein binding properties, which may result in drug interactions with other drugs or foods that have high protein binding properties.

5-Hydroxy indoleacetylglycine is a protein analog found in human urine that has been shown to have anticancer properties. It inhibits the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases, which are involved in cell cycle regulation and tumor growth. This compound has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells and may have potential as an anticancer agent. Additionally, 5-Hydroxy indoleacetylglycine has been shown to inhibit the activity of certain kinases, which play a role in tumor formation and progression. Chinese researchers have identified this compound as a promising inhibitor for cancer treatment.

3-(4-Methylbenzoyl)propionic acid (MBPA) is a corrosion inhibitor that can be used to protect metals and other materials from damage caused by acidic substances. MBPA has been shown to adsorb onto the surface of metal, forming a protective layer that prevents corrosion. This compound is synthesised by reacting methyl groups with aluminium chloride in an organic solvent to form the hydroxy group. The carboxylate group reacts with the hydroxyl group and forms the ligand, which is then reacted with phosphonic acid to produce MBPA. Molecular modelling studies have shown that this ligand binds to the metal surface through its hydrophobic interactions, which are stronger than its hydrogen bonds.

Impurity C is a minor impurity of Minocycline Hydrochloride Dihydrate. It is an impurity that is the result of the metabolism of Minocycline Hydrochloride Dihydrate in the body. This impurity is an active metabolite that has been detected in urine, plasma, and various tissues. Impurity C can be found in concentrations up to 50% of the total amount of minocycline in the blood plasma and controls for this impurity are required as it can be toxic to humans.

Caspofungin impurity A is an impurity found in caspofungin, a drug used to treat fungal infections. Caspofungin impurity A has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth and is thought to be responsible for the bactericidal activity of caspofungin.

N-Cyano-3-[(2-aminoiminomethyl)amino]-4-thiazolylmethyl]sulphanylpropanimidamide (NCTP) is an impurity of the drug product that is used in the synthesis of a chemotherapeutic drug. NCTP, which is also known as N-(cyano(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl)-2-[(2-aminoiminomethyl)amino]-4-thiazolecarboxamide, is a white to yellow solid that has a melting point of about 85°C. NCTP can be synthesized by reacting 1,1′-(1,3-phenylenebis(azanediyl))bis[N-(2-chloroethyl)]carbinol with sodium amide and 2-(aminomethyl)benzothiazole. It has been shown to be metabolized into 25 metabolites in vitro and

2,3'-Anhydrothymidine is a piperidine-containing nucleoside analog that inhibits the replication of HIV and other viruses. It is structurally related to acyclovir, but has an increased resistance to viral inactivation by acyclovir-resistant strains. 2,3'-Anhydrothymidine binds to the ribose sugar of the viral nucleic acid and prevents the formation of a covalent bond between the 5' hydroxyl group of ribose and the 3' phosphate group. It also inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with the incorporation of amino acids into proteins. 2,3'-Anhydrothymidine has been shown to be effective against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in animal models and clinical studies.

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4-(1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2-propyl-1[4-[2-(trityltetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]methylimidazo-5-carboxylate ethyl (4MPC) is a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. The compound has been shown to be useful for the detection of focal lesions in the breast, lung and pancreas. 4MPC is also an alternative to gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (GdDTPA), which can lead to nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and other side effects.

Fmoc-PEA is a protected amine linker used in peptide conjugation. It is cleavable under standard deprotection conditions.

Lansoprazole sulfide is a proton pump inhibitor that inhibits gastric acid secretion and is used for the treatment of stomach acid-related disorders, such as heartburn and ulcers. Lansoprazole sulfide belongs to a class of pharmaceutical drugs called proton pump inhibitors. It is chemically related to omeprazole, which has been shown to work by inhibiting the production of hydrogen ions in the stomach. Lansoprazole sulfide has been shown to be effective at reducing gastric acid secretion in humans, with a more favorable side-effect profile than omeprazole. Lansoprazole sulfide also inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the fatty acids in their membranes and inhibiting their metabolism.

4-Biphenylcarboxylic acid is a natural metabolite of the drug bibenzonium, an antipsychotic agent. It can also be obtained by synthesis from 4-biphenylacetic acid. 4'-[(1,7'-Dimethyl-2'-propyl-1H,1'H-2,5'-bibenzo[d]imidazol-1'-yl)methyl]biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid can be used as a research and development standard for HPLC. This compound has been shown to inhibit CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 liver enzymes and may impair the metabolism of other drugs.

Desfuroyl ceftiofur S-acetamide is a drug product that has been synthesized by custom synthesis. It is a metabolite of ceftiofur, an antibiotic that belongs to the sulfonamides. The compound is a white powder with a purity of 99% and has an analytical purity of 98%. Desfuroyl ceftiofur S-acetamide is used in metabolism studies and as a natural impurity standard for HPLC analysis.

Pencyclovir Impurity 1 is a drug product that is used as an analytical reference for metabolism studies. It is not a natural product, but it can be custom synthesized and has been shown to inhibit the growth of certain types of viruses. Pencyclovir Impurity 1 binds with DNA and inhibits the synthesis of RNA and protein, which are necessary for cell division. The purity level of this drug product should be at least 98%. This impurity can be found in the CAS number 100199-40-4.

Varenicline Diamine Impurity - Bio-X ™ is a diamine impurity of varenicline, a medication used for smoking cessation. Varenicline acts as a partial agonist at α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are involved in the addictive effects of nicotine. Researchers utilize this compound to study its effects on nicotine addiction and develop potential treatments for smoking cessation. This impurity is used as a reference standard or analytical tool in the quality control and manufacturing process of varenicline and serves as an important marker for ensuring the purity and consistency of varenicline during its production, helping to maintain the medication's safety and efficacy for patients seeking to quit smoking.

N-Methyl-1-methylthio-2-nitroethylemeamine (MTNE) is a synthetic amine that can be used as a precursor for the synthesis of many other organic compounds. MTNE is also a potential treatment for cancer cells because it has been shown to inhibit the growth of prostate and pancreatic cancer cells. The mechanism of this inhibition is not yet well understood, but it may be due to the hydroxyl group on MTNE's molecule that prevents hydrogen bonding with its target enzyme. This leads to the destruction of pancreatic lipase and an accumulation of fatty acids in the cell membrane, which eventually leads to cell death.

Lipid chain (stearic bi-acid) plus γ-glutamic acid or glutamate (γ-Glu) amino acid.