Substrats d'enzymes

3-Indoxyl phosphate p-toluidine salt is a secretor of blood group A. It is used in the detection of the presence of alkaline phosphatase in serum and other body fluids. This compound has been shown to be an isoform of 3-indoxyl phosphate with a molecular mass of about 4,000 daltons. It is also used as a substrate for gel electrophoresis and filtration experiments. The purified form of this compound has been shown to have an alkaline phosphatase activity that is ˜4 times greater than that found in human serum and intestinal extracts.

Aldol 495 acetate is a chromogenic substrate that contains the chemical compound Aldol. It is used in food testing, diagnostics, and environmental testing. Aldol 495 acetate can be used as a ligand to detect the presence of enzymes or bacteria in culture media and diagnostics. This product has been shown to have a high purity and quality.

Aldol® 515 nonanoate hydrochloride is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate for detection of lipase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by C9 esterases produced by bacteria in liquid or solid media, yielding a red color and red fluorescence when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 515 nonanoate can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Well detectable color/fluorescence of bacterial colonies or liquid cultures is obtained within 24-48 h. In the presence of a purified lipase, color and fluorescence develops within minutes to few hours.

4-Methylumbelliferone is a fluorescent probe that can be used to study the metabolism of fatty acids in plants. It is also used as a marker for radiation and significant cytotoxicity. 4-Methylumbelliferone binds to the DNA termini, specifically at the 5' phosphate group, and inhibits phosphatase activity. This process increases levels of p-nitrophenyl phosphate (a substrate), which produces protocatechuic acid (an intermediate). The disulfide bond is then broken by hydrogen peroxide, leading to an increase in fluorescence. The optimum pH for this process is 7.5.

Luc-coliforms Na is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in the diagnosis of bacterial contamination. It is a conjugate of the enzyme luciferase and the substrate coelenterazine, which are combined in a buffer solution. Luc-coliforms Na is used to detect bacteria by adding it to a culture broth or other growth media. The bacteria will emit light as they break down the luc-coliforms Na and produce ATP, which can then be measured with an appropriate detector. Luc-coliforms Na can also be used as a stain for gram-negative rods, such as coliforms, e.g., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis.

Chromogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase

Fluorogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase

Chromogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase

Histochemical substrate for alkaline phosphatase

Chromogenic substrate for alpha-L-rhamnosidase

2-Nitrophenyl b-D-xylobioside is a chromogenic substrate for the enzyme xylanase.

A substrate used for the diagnosis of Sanfilippo disease C (MPS III C).

4-Methylumbelliferyl-2-O-(alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-alpha-L-fucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-L-fucosidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl-2-O-(alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-alpha-L-fucopyranosideas a substrate for measuring the alpha-L-fucosidase activity is used for fucosidosis diagnosis.

5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indolyl b-D-glucuronide cyclohexylammonium salt is a magenta enzyme substrate commonly used in biochemical assays. This compound is a derivative of indole, containing bromine and chlorine atoms at positions 5 and 6, respectively. The glucuronide moiety is attached to the indolyl ring, and the cyclohexylammonium cation serves as a counterion to balance the charge. This substrate is often utilized in the detection and quantification of β-glucuronidase activity, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of glucuronides. Upon cleavage by β-glucuronidase, the substrate produces a magenta-colored product, allowing for easy visualization and measurement of enzyme activity.

5-Cyano-3-indolyl-b-D-galactopyranoside is a chemiluminescent substrate that can be used to measure the activity of esterases and other enzymes. It has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of human erythrocyte esterase. The compound is also a potent inducer of bioluminescence in bacteria, which can be used for diagnostic applications. 5-Cyano-3-indolyl-b-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used to measure the activity of phosphatases and other enzymes. This product has an enzyme substrate function, which can be used for enzyme assays. 5CIGP is useful for measuring high levels of enzyme activity in the presence of strong inhibitors such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF).

Chromogenic substrate targeting cellulases

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