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Gonyautoxin II is a toxin produced by dinoflagellates. It can be found in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico and is toxic to marine organisms. Gonyautoxin II is one of the most potent toxins known, with an LD50 of less than 0.1 µg/kg body weight when administered in the form of a single subcutaneous injection in mice. Its toxicity is due to its ability to bind to single-stranded DNA and inhibit protein synthesis. It also has been shown to cause food poisoning in humans, particularly those who eat contaminated seafood. Gonyautoxin II has been studied for potential treatments for cellulose acetate which is used as a polymer in various applications, including plastics and textiles.