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Astaxanthin is a carotenoid that is found in marine organisms, algae and some plants. It is an effective antioxidant that has been shown to protect human cells from oxidative stress. Astaxanthin can be taken as a dietary supplement for this purpose or as a food additive for coloration purposes. Astaxanthin has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, which may be due to its inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. This molecule can be analyzed using a dry weight method with the help of caco-2 cells, which are intestinal cells that are used to study drug absorption in humans. The uptake of astaxanthin was determined by measuring the amount of fluorescence emitted by the caco-2 cells after incubation with the molecule. The results were then quantified by liquid chromatography analysis.
