Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

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Versatile small molecule scaffold

Metal-chelating agent

Methyl trans-4-bromo-2-butenoate is a synthetic compound that contains a hydroxyl group and two bromine atoms. It is synthesized by the reaction of diethyl succinate, hydrogen, and piperazine in an aqueous solution. Methyl trans-4-bromo-2-butenoate has been shown to have antineoplastic activity in combination with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and carbohydrate conjugates. It also binds to cell surface receptors on the epidermal cells, inhibiting their growth. The structural formula of methyl trans-4-bromo-2-butenoate can be seen below: [[File:Methyltrans4bromobutanoate.png|thumb|300px|left|The structural formula of methyl trans-[4] -[bromo]-[2] -butenoate.]]

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde is a nucleophilic compound that can act as an iminium. It is used in the synthesis of chalcones, which are aromatic compounds that have been found to have anticancer properties. 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde has two isomers: 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde. The separation of these compounds can be achieved using chromatography with a silica gel column. This process can be done on both the mixture of the two isomers or on one specific isomer. The synthetic pathway for this product begins with benzylpiperazine and piperazine. These two molecules react to form 3,4-dichlorobenzylpiperazine, which reacts with dimethoxybenzyl chloride to form 4-bromo-2,5-dim

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

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3-Hydroxy-5-methylpyridine (3HMP) is a chemical substance that has been classified as an amine. It is a product of the metabolism of purines, which are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. 3HMP is produced by aerogenic bacteria (such as Enterobacter), and can be used to estimate the number of these bacteria present in water samples. 3HMP has been shown to have antiviral properties against influenza virus, and can be used as a biomarker for the presence of other viruses in animals. 3HMP also has mineralization properties, which have been studied extensively, particularly with regards to pancreatic disease.

aliphatic diol.  It has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth

2-Hydroxyethyl benzoate is a model system that has been used to study the mechanism of hydrolysis of an ester with a hydroxyl group. The reaction products are a metal hydroxide and a chloride ion. 2-Hydroxyethyl benzoate is an antimicrobial agent that has shown activity against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. It is thought to work by reacting with fatty acids in the cell membrane, leading to disruption of the membrane and leakage of cellular contents. It also reacts with chloride ions to form hydroxybenzoic acid and water molecules. The activation energy for this reaction was found to be around 19 kJ mol−1.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Monomethyl glutarate is a monomer for the synthesis of polymers. It has been used in the past as a precursor for the production of polyacrylic acid and its copolymers. Monomethyl glutarate is synthesized by the reaction of hydrochloric acid, high salt, and an expression plasmid containing glutarate dehydrogenase. This compound is also used as a reagent in kinetic studies of fatty acids and glutaric acid. Monomethyl glutarate is an acidic compound with a pKa value of 3.5 at 25°C. It is rapidly hydrolyzed in water to form monomethyl glutarate acid, which has a pKa value of 2.4 at 25°C. Monomethyl glutarate can be ingested orally or applied topically due to its low energy requirements for hydrolysis in water.

1,2-Bis(chlorodimethylsilyl)ethane is a reactive chemical that is synthesized from hydroxychloroformates and hydrogen chloride. It reacts with silicon to form chlorosilanes, which are then used in the polymerization of siloxanes. 1,2-Bis(chlorodimethylsilyl)ethane has been shown to be an effective initiator for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. 1,2-Bis(chlorodimethylsilyl)ethane is also used as a hydroxyl group donor in organic reactions.

2,2'-Dithiodianiline is a redox-active molecule with a redox potential of -0.08 V. It has been shown to inhibit the polymerase chain reaction by binding to DNA and inhibiting the enzyme DNA polymerase. 2,2'-Dithiodianiline is a potent inhibitor of bacterial growth in vitro, and has been shown to be cytotoxic in vivo. 2,2'-Dithiodianiline inhibits the growth of resistant mutants that are resistant to other antibiotics such as penicillin and ampicillin. This compound binds to molybdenum at an optimum concentration of 0.5 mM and coordinates through electrostatic interactions with the molybdenum atom. Structural analysis reveals that 2,2'-dithiodianiline forms hydrogen bonds with adenine residues in DNA and interacts with guanine residues in RNA through π-π stacking interactions. This interaction prevents transcription by blocking the binding

1H,1H,7H-Dodecafluoroheptanol is a perfluorinated compound. It has been shown to be an efficient scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to have a protective effect on collagen. The reaction mechanism of 1H,1H,7H-dodecafluoroheptanol is not fully understood. However, it has been shown that the chloride ion plays a key role in the formation of this product from 1H,1H,7F-dodecafluoroheptane. The reaction vessel used in this synthesis is critical because it must be anhydrous to prevent the formation of 1HF3OCl. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to study the chemical structures of this compound.

Leu-Leu-Leu-OH is a pentapeptide that is used in cancer treatment to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. It prevents the production of proteins and, as a result, cell division. Leu-Leu-Leu-OH has been shown to be effective against tumor cells with an antibody that binds to the surface of cells. The monoclonal antibody is taken up by the cancer cells through receptor mediated endocytosis, which leads to inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death.

Phentolamine is a synthetic mesylate that is used as an antihypertensive agent, and for the treatment of Raynaud's syndrome and pheochromocytoma. Phentolamine is also used to prevent frostbite and to treat various types of shock. Phentolamine blocks alpha-2-adrenergic receptors, thereby decreasing sympathetic nerve impulses to the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other organs. This drug also acts as a histamine antagonist by blocking H1-receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells. Phentolamine has been shown to have no significant effects on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) release in vitro or in vivo.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

MW 20,000 - 30,000

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3-Methoxythiophene-2-carbaldehyde is a ligand that has been shown to form a stable complex with potassium chloride. This compound is also reactive, and can be stabilized in the reaction vessel. In the presence of sulfate ions, 3-methoxythiophene-2-carbaldehyde will react to form a phosphotungstic acid precipitate. The dehydrated salt can be recrystallized by adding phosphotungstic acid, which stabilizes the product.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-(2-Bromoethyl)morpholine hydrobromide is a solvent that is used as an agent in the production of other chemicals. It is a colorless, crystalline solid with a constant melting point of 130 to 131 degrees Celsius. 4-(2-Bromoethyl)morpholine hydrobromide is soluble in acetone, ethanol, ether, and water. This chemical has been shown to be toxic and should be handled with care.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Diethyl Acetylphosphonate is a synthetic chemical that is used in the production of ethyl esters, which are used as intermediates for the production of epoxides. It has shown to be a bidentate ligand and reacts with primary amines. Diethyl Acetylphosphonate can be made by reacting phosphorus pentachloride with ethyl acetate and hydrochloric acid. The reaction mechanism is similar to that of other organophosphorus compounds, in which a phosphine oxide intermediate reacts with an organic halide. Diethyl Acetylphosphonate has shown to be effective in detergent compositions and triethyl orthoformate, as well as alkanoic acid.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Cabozantinib is a small molecule that is the first to target VEGFR-2, which is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development of fibrosis. Cabozantinib inhibits the activity of VEGFR-2 by binding to its ATP-binding site and blocking the phosphorylation of downstream signaling pathways. Cabozantinib has been shown to have antifibrotic properties in both preclinical and clinical models. The drug candidate has been shown to reduce kidney fibrosis in animal models. The standard dose for cabozantinib was found to be 5 mg/kg, with a maximum tolerated dose of 20 mg/kg. In vitro studies have indicated that cabozantinib binds with high affinity to the ATP-binding pocket of VEGFR-2, exhibiting competitive inhibition against other kinases such as PDGFR-beta and cKit, as well as diaryliodonium (a specific inhibitor). Caboz

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2,4,6-Triphenylpyridine is an aromatic heterocycle with a benzyl group and trifluoroacetic acid at the 2-, 4-, and 6-positions. It is a colorless solid that has a melting point of 183 °C. In the gas phase, it exists as three anion radicals (2-, 4-, and 6-). These radicals are responsible for its optical properties. The 2-anion radical has a blue emission spectrum while the 4- and 6-anion radicals have red emission spectra. 2,4,6-Triphenylpyridine can be used as an indicator for trifluoroacetic acid or benzonitrile. It is soluble in primary alcohols such as methanol and ethanol at lower temperatures, but becomes insoluble at higher temperatures. 2,4,6-Triphenylpyridine also has functional theory applications due to its ability to

2-(2-Azidoethoxy)acetic Acid is a hydrophobic antibacterial agent that can be used to inhibit bacterial growth by disrupting the cell membrane. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which may be due to its ability to bind to the glutathione moiety in the bacterial cell membrane. 2-(2-Azidoethoxy)acetic Acid has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. This compound is also able to cross the cell membrane, inhibiting bacterial replication in vivo.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Amino-6-chloropurine is a nucleophilic substituent that is used in the synthesis of 2-amino-6-chloropurine. It reacts with hydroxyl groups to form a palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction solution, which is then treated with hydrochloric acid and trifluoroacetic acid. The product is purified by crystallization and recrystallization. This compound has potent antitumor activity against carcinoma cell lines, but it has not been shown to have any effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

1-Hydroxycyclopentane-1-carbonitrile is a monomer that is hydrolyzed to form benzoin and cyanohydrins. It can be used in the production of scifinder as a monomer or dimerizer.

4-Chlorobenzenethiol is a chemical compound that contains a fatty acid. It is an intramolecular hydrogen donor with the ability to form a disulfide bond. The compound also has high stability and can be used in organic synthesis reactions involving reactive sulfur groups. 4-Chlorobenzenethiol reacts with sodium carbonate to produce sodium thiocarbonate and chloroform, which are then reacted with phosphorus pentoxide for oxidation. The reaction mechanism is similar to that of the Diels-Alder reaction and the model system involves dinucleotide phosphate. 4-Chlorobenzenethiol can be reacted with hydrochloric acid or trifluoroacetic acid as an oxidizing agent.

Used in the preparation of metal-diene reagents (e.g. for carbocyclization)

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Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethan-1-amine is a synthetic compound that belongs to the class of organocatalysts. It is a serotonin receptor agonist, and has been shown to act as an antagonist at the 5HT2AR. This drug has been shown to have stereoselective effects in vitro, with high affinity for the S form of 5HT2AR. 2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethan-1-amine also has some activity against dopamine receptors, but not as much as other compounds in its class. !--[if !supportLists]-->· !--[endif]-->This drug binds to speciogynine and alstovenine receptors, which are part of the opioid system.!--[if !supportLists]-->· !--[endif]-->Modelling studies suggest that 2-(4-M

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Tripropylphosphine is a fatty acid that can be synthesized by reacting tripropyl alcohol with phosphorus trichloride. Tripropylphosphine is soluble in organic solvents, and has an optical rotation of +58°. It has been shown to have cancer-inhibiting properties, as well as the ability to inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This compound may also be used as a growth regulator, since it inhibits the synthesis of certain proteins and enzymes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Poly(dioxanone) is a biocompatible polymer that has been shown to promote bone growth in animal models. It is a cross-linking agent and can be used as an alternative to copper chromite, which is the most common cross-linking agent used in tissue engineering. Poly(dioxanone) has been shown to promote bone growth by stimulating the production of growth factors and increasing the activity of osteoblasts, cells that produce new bone. The material also promotes matrix deposition and remodeling, leading to increased bone density.

8-Chloro-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione is a reactive molecule that binds to the active site of bacterial cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and inhibits their activity. This inhibition prevents the breakdown of cAMP and cGMP, which are important second messengers in eukaryotic cells. 8-Chloro-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione is also a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis and has been used in research studies on wheat leaves.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

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4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione is a carbonyl compound that is the product of the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It is used in wastewater treatment and has antimicrobial properties against infectious diseases. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and preventing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione has also been shown to bind to plasma proteins, which may be due to its acyl chain structure. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione can be synthesized in a catalytic mechanism that involves dehydroascorbic acid and molecular oxygen.

Piperyline is an alkanoic acid that has shown to be effective against skin cancer. It also has antimicrobial properties, which may be due to its ability to bind metal ions and form polymeric compounds. Piperyline inhibits microbial growth by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. The antimicrobial activity is related to its cationic polymerization with hydroxyl groups, which forms a structure that can inhibit microbial enzymes and disrupt microbial cell membranes. This compound also interacts with the skin's natural lipids, making it difficult for microorganisms to attach and grow on the skin. Piperyline is synthesized in organic chemistry laboratories as an amide precursor of other pharmaceuticals such as penicillin.

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Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Chloromethyl cyclohexyl ether is a light-sensitive cross-linking agent that can be activated by light. It has two functional groups, a hydroxyl group and a chlorine atom. The skeleton of chloromethyl cyclohexyl ether is composed of an alicyclic hydrocarbon with six carbons and the molecule contains two divalent hydrocarbons, one of which is a trifluoromethyl group. Chloromethyl cyclohexyl ether has been used as a solid catalyst in the synthesis of amides and is also used in hyperproliferative diseases such as cancer.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold