Building Blocks

3,4-dichloro-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione is a compound that has been used in the synthesis of conjugates. It has been shown to be an inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis and is able to inhibit the growth of Candida glabrata and Trichophyton mentagrophytes at concentrations of 2.0 mM. The compound is also reversible and can be hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid. 3,4-Dichloro-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione shows synergistic effects with hepg2 cells and human liver cancer cells when combined with chlorine atom. This compound has been shown to have a high affinity for polycarbonates as well as a low molecular weight (270).

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>4,5-Dimethyl-1H-imidazole-2-thiol is a potential drug candidate for cancer therapy. It is an insulin-like growth factor (IGF) inhibitor that can be used to treat cancer. 4,5-Dimethyl-1H-imidazole-2-thiol has the ability to inhibit IGF receptors and reduce cell proliferation in tumor cells. This compound also has the ability to inhibit tyrosine kinase activity and disrupt IGF receptor autophosphorylation. The isoquinolinedione derivative of 4,5-dimethyl 1H imidazole 2 thiol has been shown to have increased potency as an inhibitor of IGF receptors and tyrosine kinase activity in vitro.</p>

<p>3,3-Dimethylcyclobutan-1-one is a molecule that has been shown to be a sensitizer of ethylene in the presence of activated oxygen. The kinetics of this reaction were studied by determining the rate constant for the formation of 3,3-dimethylcyclobutan-1-one at various temperatures. This compound is an analog to cyclobutanone and can be synthesized by photolytic or reductive elimination. The nature of the substituents on the ring affects the bond cleavage and product yields during these reactions. 3,3-Dimethylcyclobutan-1-one has been used as a radiation sensitizer for polymers, although this application is limited because it reacts with oxygen. In addition, 3,3-dimethylcyclobutan-1-one can be used to produce isobutene by coupling with acetylene.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

L-DOPA is a natural amino acid and intermediate in the biosynthesis of dopamine. It is also a precursor for the synthesis of norepinephrine from dopamine. L-DOPA is synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. It can be used as a drug to treat Parkinson's disease and other disorders that affect motor function, such as Huntington's disease and Tourette syndrome. L-DOPA is converted to dopamine by the enzyme dopa decarboxylase, which converts it to dopamine in a two-step process. The conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine can be monitored using electrochemical detection or fluorescence spectroscopy.

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>3-Methylcyclobutan-1-one is a monoterpene that is used for the production of butenes, benzene, and aspartyl. It can be photolyzed or activated with radiation to form a cyclobutane ring. The three possible stereoisomers are in an equal ratio when 3-methylcyclobutan-1-one is synthesized from cyclopropanecarboxylic acid. There are many modifications that can be done to this molecule such as oxidation, reduction, and hydrogenation. The yields of product are dependent on the type of modification used.</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Prenyl acetate is a prenylated polyhydric alcohol with the chemical formula C10H22O4. It is a colorless liquid with a pleasant smell. Prenyl acetate can be used as an additive to make polymers such as polyesters or polyurethanes more flexible, or in the synthesis of cationic polymerization initiators, which are used in the production of films and coatings. Prenyl acetate has been shown to have physiological effects on animals by acting as an anti-inflammatory agent. Prenyl acetate may also act as a nucleophile that reacts with carboxylic acids to form esters, such as isopropyl palmitate.

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1,4-Butanedithiol is a molecule with the chemical formula C4H9S. It is classified as an alcohol and has many uses in industry and academia. 1,4-Butanedithiol is soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. The uptake of 1,4-butanedithiol in cells can be detected by uv absorption spectroscopy or enzymatic assay. 1,4-Butanedithiol also reacts with nucleophilic reagents such as hydrochloric acid or hydrogen fluoride to form ester linkages. The ester linkage between 1,4-butanedithiol and hydrochloric acid is reversible and has been shown to be pH dependent. In vitro assays have shown that 1,4-butanedithiol induces apoptotic effects on cells treated with hydrogen fluoride.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>