Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

(1R)-1-(3-Nitrophenyl)ethanol is a prochiral alcohol that is generated by the oxidation of nitrobenzene. It has an optimal pH range of 5.5-7.0 and optimum catalytic activity at a ph range of 6.5-8.0. (1R)-1-(3-Nitrophenyl)ethanol can be used in the production of antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporin, which are derived from erythromycin. The chiral nature of this molecule allows for the synthesis of two different stereoisomers: erythromycin A and erythromycin B. This molecule also has been shown to have antifungal properties, inhibiting the growth of bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

SCH 28080 is a potent inhibitor of transcriptional activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). These two transcriptional regulatory proteins are activated by various stimuli, including inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Activation of these transcription factors leads to the upregulation of the genes encoding proinflammatory mediators, such as eosinophil cationic protein and interleukins. SCH 28080 has been shown to inhibit NF-κB activation in human HL60 cells, which may be due to its ability to bind to both the α subunit of NF-κB and AP-1.

2-(Piperidin-4-yl)ethan-1-amine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme pancreatic lipase. This inhibition of lipases leads to the decrease in triglycerides and phospholipids in the blood, which prevents inflammation. 2-(Piperidin-4-yl)ethan-1-amine has been shown to have antibacterial and antifungal properties. It has been used for the treatment of infections caused by Mycobacteria sp., including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium complex, and M. kansasii. It also has been used for the treatment of orlistat induced side effects such as steatorrhea and diarrhea. The use of this drug is limited because it can cause liver toxicity or gastrointestinal ulceration at high doses.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

HS-173 is a synthetic nucleoside analog that has transcription-polymerase chain inhibitory activity. HS-173 inhibits the expression of genes by binding to the major groove of DNA and blocking the progression of transcription. This drug also induces autophagy to eliminate damaged or dysfunctional cells, as well as regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition, HS-173 has been shown to have synergistic effects with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and radiation in hl-60 cells and monoclonal antibody against carcinoembryonic antigen in k562 cells.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-(Acetyloxy)butanoic acid is a vasoconstrictor that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, cancer, and other types of disorders. This compound has been shown to modulate the immune system by increasing the number of T-cells and natural killer cells. 4-(Acetyloxy)butanoic acid also provides a targetable strategy for the treatment of cancer by implanting radioactive isotopes or chemotherapeutic drugs in proximity to tumor cells. The drug can also be administered through iontophoresis or hyperthermia, which have been shown to increase its effectiveness.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4'-Chloro-biphenyl-2-ylamine is an organic solvent that is used in alkalization and as a reagent in chemical reactions. It has been shown to be bactericidal, with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 4'-Chloro-biphenyl-2-ylamine can be synthesized by the reaction of biphenyl with hydrogen chloride, producing an azide and chloride. The azide reacts with chloroacetic acid to produce the desired compound.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-(2-Dimethylamino-ethoxy)-phenylamine is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 212 °C. The detection limit for this compound is 2 ppm. It has an acidity of 0.1 and can be synthesized from the reaction of two equivalents of phenol and two equivalents of ethylenediamine in the presence of conc. sulfuric acid, followed by reduction of the nitro group to an amine. This compound is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of several drugs such as amphetamine, methamphetamine, and ephedrine, as well as pharmaceuticals such as levamisole, clonidine, and mepyramine hydrochloride.
2-(2-Dimethylamino-ethoxy)-phenylamine can be detected using UV spectroscopy at wavelengths between 260 nm and 270 nm with maximum absorption at 266 nm.

4-Methoxyphenyl acetate is the product of a chloroformate reaction with an alcohol. It has been synthesized in high yield and purified by recrystallization from hexahydrate to produce a white crystalline solid. This compound is soluble in water and chloroform, and is stable at room temperature. 4-Methoxyphenyl acetate has been shown to be active against influenza virus strains Covid-19, H1N1, H3N2, PR8, H5N1, and H7N7. The mechanism of action is not fully understood but this molecule may act as a substrate for the enzyme active site of the viral polymerase complex or interfere with viral nucleic acid replication.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Phenyl-5-oxazolone is a chemical compound that has been used as a starting material for the synthesis of various other organic compounds. It can be synthesized by the reaction of 2-phenylacetamide with 3-chloro-5,6-dihydrobenzoxazole. The kinetic data for this reaction are provided in the table below. Monoclonal antibodies have been used to detect and quantify 2-phenyl-5-oxazolone in human urine samples, but it is not yet known whether this compound plays any role in the development of prostate cancer cells. Caproic acid is a metabolite that is formed from 2-phenylacetamide during its conversion to 2-phenyl 5 oxazolone.

3-Methyl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole is an organic compound that has been synthesized from aminoacids. It is a mesoionic heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula CHNO. 3-Methyl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole is a dipolarophile and can be used in cycloaddition reactions with nitrosobenzene to produce nitrostyrenes. 3-Methyl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole can also be synthesized by using diazomethane as a reagent and a regiospecific process.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Chloro-6-methoxypurine is a nucleoside that is synthesized by the enzyme nucleoside phosphorylase. It is used in an enzymatic reaction to produce 2-chloroadenine and allopurinol. The reaction requires ribose and d-arabinose as substrates, and can also be carried out at high temperatures (60°C). The bacteria E. coli can be used for the production of 2-chloro-6-methoxypurine. This product has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth in vitro when mixed with other substances such as xylosides, soluble form, and thermophilic.

1-(2-Aminophenyl)propan-1-one (1AP) is a cytotoxic agent that belongs to the class of iminoquinones. It is a synthetic compound that can be dimerized with copper(II) ions. 1AP has been shown to induce cell death in vitro by forming an imine with DNA, which results in the formation of reactive oxygen species and nitro groups. This drug also has nitro groups that are capable of binding to proteins and carbohydrates, which may contribute to its cytotoxic activity.

2,2,6,6-Tetramethylcyclohexan-1-one is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CHO. It is a colorless liquid that boils around 100°C and has a strong odor. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylcyclohexan-1-one can be used in the dehydrogenation of alicyclic compounds to form alkenes. The reaction proceeds by attack of the intermediate on the double bond and elimination of two hydrogen atoms from an adjacent methyl group. In this process, one molecule of water is also produced. This reaction mechanism can be postulated for homologues as well.

Versatile small molecule scaffold