Ciano-, Nitrile-

<p>3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile is a versatile building block and reagent that is used in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and other chemical products. It has been shown to be an excellent starting material for the synthesis of complex compounds. 3-Ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile can be used as a high quality research chemical or useful scaffold for organic synthesis. CAS No. 205748-01-2</p>

<p>Ethyl 4-cyano-3-nitrobenzoate is a chemical compound with the structural formula of CHNO. It is a building block for organic synthesis and can be used in the production of high quality research chemicals and speciality chemicals. Ethyl 4-cyano-3-nitrobenzoate has been shown to react with a variety of amines to form urea derivatives that are useful as versatile building blocks or complex compounds. This reagent is also useful as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals. CAS No. 321162-58-7</p>

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<p>3-Cyanophenylacetic acid is a versatile building block and useful intermediate that can be used in the synthesis of a wide range of organic compounds. 3-Cyanophenylacetic acid is a fine chemical with CAS No. 1878-71-3 that can be used as a research chemical, reaction component, or speciality chemical. It is an important reagent for making complex organic compounds. 3-Cyanophenylacetic acid is a high quality product with the following characteristics: <br>1) Colorless crystals; <br>2) Soluble in water; <br>3) Soluble in acetone; <br>4) Slightly soluble in ether; <br>5) Reactivity: stable to heat, light, and air; <br>6) pH (1% solution): 2.0 - 4.0; <br>7) Melting point: 129 °C; <br>8) Boiling point: 188 °C at 760 mmH</p>

<p>4-Cyanobenzyl alcohol is a phosphane that reacts with amines to form imines. This reaction can be used as a tool for the identification of amines in protein samples. The reaction time for this reaction is about 3 hours and can only be done at room temperature. 4-Cyanobenzyl alcohol also has potent inhibition activity against cyclopentadienyl, which is an important intermediate of organic synthesis. The ruthenium complex catalyzes this reaction and it can be used as a homogeneous catalyst.</p>

<p>3,4-Dinitrobenzonitrile is a fine chemical that is used as a versatile building block in the synthesis of complex organic compounds. It is also used as a research chemical and a reaction component in organic synthesis. 3,4-Dinitrobenzonitrile is stable against oxidation and hydrolysis, making it an ideal intermediate for other reactions. CAS No. 4248-33-3</p>

<p>Mesitylacetonitrile is a mesityl-substituted acetonitrile. It is used in organic synthesis as a Grignard reagent, which is an organometallic compound containing an alkyl or other carbon group bound to magnesium. Mesitylacetonitrile has been shown to react with chlorides to produce furyl chlorides and chloride. Mesitylacetonitrile can be synthesized by reacting phenylacetonitrile (a byproduct of the synthesis of acetone) with chlorine gas and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as copper(II) chloride. This reaction produces mesitylacetonitrile and hydrogen chloride gas as byproducts. The compound has been used to synthesize corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonists that have potential therapeutic applications for the treatment of stress-related disorders.</p>

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4-Bromo-3-cyanopyridine is a reactive chemical that can be used as a building block in organic synthesis. It is often used as a starting material for the synthesis of heterocycles and other complex compounds. 4-Bromo-3-cyanopyridine is a versatile reagent with high quality and can be used in research, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, or industrial chemicals. CAS No. 154237-70-4.

<p>5-Cyanoindole is a hydrophobic molecule that has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the trifluoroacetic acid-induced fluorescence in the presence of chloride ions. It is also able to bind peptides and has been used as an antimicrobial peptide. 5-Cyanoindole can be synthesized electrochemically or by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The synthesis of 5-cyanoindole can be achieved through a Friedel-Crafts reaction, followed by a hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide and then a reduction with sodium borohydride.<br>!-- END OF PRODUCT DESCRIPTION --&gt;</p>

<p>3,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetonitrile is a synthetic compound that has been shown to be an inhibitor of the demethylation reaction. It is postulated to have anticancer activity and inhibits the biosynthesis of octaketides in vitro. This compound has also been shown to have antibacterial activity and is structurally related to cannabinoids. The mechanism by which 3,5-dimethoxyphenylacetonitrile inhibits cancer cells is not known. However, it may be due to its ability to bind cannabinoid receptors.</p>

<p>2'-Cyano-4-(dibromomethyl)biphenyl is a reactive component that belongs to the group of speciality chemicals. It can be used as a building block in organic synthesis and as an intermediate in the production of fine chemicals. 2'-Cyano-4-(dibromomethyl)biphenyl has been used for the synthesis of various complex compounds, such as an anti-inflammatory drug, an anti-diabetic drug, and a chemotherapeutic agent.</p>

<p>3,4-Dihydroxybenzylamine hydrobromide is a chemical that reacts with hydrogen peroxide to produce light. It is used as a nutrient for the chemiluminescent reaction in a nutrient solution to detect dopamine, chlorogenic acids, and trifluoroacetic acid. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzylamine hydrobromide can also be used as an analytical method for the measurement of cortisol concentration in plasma and saliva samples. This chemical analogically reacts with monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to form fluorescent probes. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzylamine hydrobromide is not toxic or mutagenic and has been shown to be safe for use in humans.</p>

Ethyl 2-cyano-3-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-enoate is a functionalized molecule that contains a dipole. It has high selectivity for 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions because the electron density of the methylene group is greater than that of the aldehyde group. The mechanistic theory for this reaction is that the electron density on the methylene group in ethyl 2-cyano-3-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-enoate will cause it to become more reactive than the aldehyde group. The dipoles in this molecule are oriented such that they can react with each other to form an intermediate and then an adduct. This isomerization occurs through either dipolarophilic or electrocyclic mechanisms.

<p>Ethyl acetamidocyanoacetate is an amide which inhibits the enzyme thrombin. It inhibits the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, and thus prevents blood clot formation. Ethyl acetamidocyanoacetate has been shown to inhibit serine protease, one of the most abundant enzymes in the human body. This inhibition causes a decrease in inflammatory diseases caused by these enzymes. Ethyl acetamidocyanoacetate also has analog properties that can be used for solid-phase synthesis.</p>

<p>2-Amino-6-methoxybenzonitrile is an organic compound that belongs to a group of monosubstituted hydroxylamines. It has been used in the synthesis of various analogues, such as caprolactam and methoxyanthranilic acid. Hydrochloric acid reacts with 2-amino-6-methoxybenzonitrile to form 2-amino-6-hydroxybenzonitrile, which can be oxidized to 2-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)benzonitrile. This reaction is catalyzed by copper or zinc metal.</p>

<p>5-Cyano-DL-tryptophan is an antimicrobial peptide that exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It also has a high affinity for the bacterial ribosome, which leads to inhibition of protein synthesis. 5-Cyano-DL-tryptophan can be synthesized by dehydration of tryptophan in a model system. The molecule is an analog of the natural amino acid tryptophan and has fluorescence properties that are sensitive to hydration levels. 5-Cyano-DL-tryptophan binds to the peptide binding site on the ribosome and induces a frequency shift in its fluorescence emission spectrum when bound. This property makes it a useful tool for studying peptide binding sites on the ribosome.</p>

<p>7-Cyano-7-deazaguanosine is a nucleoside that belongs to the category of 7-deazapurines. It is an optimized nucleic acid analogue that has been shown to act as a translational inhibitor in vitro and in vivo. This compound has been shown to have high yields in chemical synthesis, which makes it an attractive candidate for optimization and future research. 7-Cyano-7-deazaguanosine is a synthetic nucleotide with anticodon properties, which may be useful for the development of new drugs against bacterial infections.</p>

<p>4-Hydroxyphenylacetonitrile (HPA) is a chemical compound that belongs to the group of nitriles. It is a precursor to the pigment sinalbin, which is found in corynebacterium and related bacteria. HPA has been shown to have an apoptotic effect on human cells, which may be due to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis and induce DNA fragmentation. The synthetic pathway for HPA starts with the conversion of L-phenylalanine into 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid by a wild-type strain or bacterial strain. The 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is then converted into 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde through polymerase chain reactions or expression plasmids in corynebacterium glutamicum. This molecule can then be transformed into HPA by hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid or enzymatic activity. HPA has also been shown to stimulate</p>

<p>(S,E)-3-(6-Bromopyridin-2-yl)-2-cyano-N-(1-phenylethyl)acrylamide (MBI-23) is a potential antineoplastic agent that has been shown to induce regression of bladder cancer in mice. MBI-23 induces apoptosis by inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells and inducing differentiation of cancer stem cells. It is also shown to inhibit tumor growth and progression in glioma and prostate cancer models. MBI-23 binds to the KDR receptor subtype, which is activated by organic acids and inhibited by inorganic compounds. This binding leads to constitutive activation of the KDR receptor, thereby inducing apoptosis. The tautomers and stereoisomers of MBI-23 have not been fully elucidated yet.</p>

Cypermethrin is an insecticide that belongs to the family of chemical pesticides. It is used in agriculture and in public health to control malaria-transmitting mosquitoes, head lice, and scabies mites. Cypermethrin disrupts the insect nervous system by inhibiting the function of synapses between nerves, resulting in paralysis and death. The compound also affects signal pathways that regulate locomotor activity and enzyme activities. Cypermethrin has been shown to have a high resistance to degradation by glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (EGMEA). It has an optimum concentration of 0.01 ppm for mosquito control and 0.1 ppm for lice control. The analytical method involves liquid chromatography with sodium citrate as an ion-pairing agent and a linear calibration curve using a standard curve generated from known concentrations of cypermethrin.

<p>5-Methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile is a synthetic compound used as a reference for the synthesis of melatonin. It is produced by the addition of magnesium to 5-methoxyindole, followed by reaction with cyanide and nitrile. The synthesis of this compound was first published in 1938 and has since been used as a reference for many other studies. It has been shown that 5-methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile has high performance liquid chromatography properties, with a linear range from 0.5 to 50 mg/mL and an ultraviolet spectrum that falls within the region between 220 nm and 400 nm. A molecular modeling study was conducted on this compound, which showed that it conforms with 4-hydroxy indole ring systems found in natural products such as tryptophan and serotonin. This product also has fluorescent properties, which are caused by its electron withdrawing group (cyano).</p>

Ethyl cyanoglyxylate-2-oxyme potassium salt is a high quality reagent for the production of complex compounds that can be used in fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other speciality chemicals. It has been shown to be an intermediate for the synthesis of useful scaffolds and building blocks. The CAS number is 158014-03-0. This compound is a versatile building block that can be used in research chemicals, as well as reaction components for more complex syntheses.

<p>2-Chloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile is a drug that has been shown to have antitumor effects by binding to the CB2 receptor. It inhibits hydrogenation reduction of the molecule, which may be due to its ability to react with both functional groups. 2-Chloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile has also been shown to inhibit progesterone receptor, which may lead to an increase in progesterone levels and a decrease in estrogen levels. The pharmacokinetic properties of this compound are not yet known.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 2-(Diphenylamino)benzoic acid including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>4-Octylbenzylamine is a hydrophobic molecule that is soluble in organic solvents. In simulations, it was shown to have affinity for anions and aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as the ability to be immobilized on surfaces. 4-Octylbenzylamine is also a chromatographic stationary phase that can be used to separate solutes with similar properties. This molecule has been oriented so that it binds to the hydrated surface of the column, which improves its affinity for anions and aromatic hydrocarbons. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique utilizes this property to separate molecules of different affinities from one another in a systematic manner.</p>

<p>4-mercaptobenzonitrile (4MBN) is a typical compound used in many spectroscopic experiments. The addition of 4-mercaptobenzonitrile to metal surfaces is used to create self-assembled monolayers with metals. For numerous reasons, it can difficult to immbolize certain chemical groups on surfaces. The addition of 4-mercaptobenzonitrile forms a modified metal surface that enhances technique sensitivity and serves as tool for a better understanding of the interfaces. In recent years, the use of 4-mercaptobenzonitrile together with other molecules on metal nanoparticles has been explored for biomedicinal purposes, serving as a tool for creating surface-enhanced Raman scattering tags (SER tags), useful as cancer biomarker imaging (Li, 2018).</p>

<p>4-Cyanobenzyl bromide is a chemical compound that is stable in the presence of hydrogen bonds and with a palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction. It has been shown to react with amines to form an azobenzene, which is a fluorescent compound. 4-Cyanobenzyl bromide reacts with x-ray diffraction data and molecular modeling to form halides and hydroxy groups. The mechanism of this reaction is not yet known, but it appears that the initial step involves the formation of a hydrogen bond between the 4-cyanobenzyl group and the amine. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy has confirmed that hippuric acid can be formed from this reaction as well.</p>

<p>4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine hydrochloride is a reagent, complex compound and useful intermediate for the production of speciality chemicals. CAS No. 7149-10-2 is not a hazardous chemical and does not pose any significant risk to human health or the environment when used as intended. This chemical has many uses including being a useful scaffold in organic synthesis, a useful building block for the preparation of other compounds, and a versatile building block for the preparation of various compounds. It also has many applications in research such as being an intermediate for the synthesis of other compounds, or as a reactant in various reactions.</p>

<p>2-Bromo-4-cyanotoluene is a ligand that is used in cross-coupling reactions. It is used to form complexes with metals, such as palladium and nickel, for the preparation of organometallic reagents. 2-Bromo-4-cyanotoluene has been shown to inhibit secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and PLA2 activity in a fluorimetric assay. This compound also inhibits the catalytic activity of spla2, which is an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid. 2-Bromo-4-cyanotoluene also inhibits piperazine synthesis by reacting with the nitrogen atom on the piperazine ring.</p>

<p>Ethyl S-(+)-4-cyano-3-hydroxybutyrate is a chiral molecule that can be used as a catalyst in the transesterification reaction. It acts by binding to the enzyme and immobilizing it on a solid support, which increases its catalytic activity. The hydroxybutanoate is converted into butyric acid, which is produced at high yield using this method. This process of immobilization increases the kinetic rate of the reaction, making it possible for the product to be obtained more quickly.</p>

<p>2-Chloro-5-hydroxybenzonitrile is a versatile, building block chemical that can be used as a reactant or intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds. It is also an excellent research chemical with a high quality and purity. 2-Chloro-5-hydroxybenzonitrile has many uses, such as being a reagent for organic synthesis, a speciality chemical, and a useful intermediate. This compound is suitable for complex synthesis and has been shown to be useful as a building block or scaffold in the production of other chemicals.</p>

<p>2,6-Dichlorophenylacetonitrile (2,6-DCPA) is a cyanide herbicide that controls weed growth. 2,6-DCPA is used as a preemergent herbicide and is applied to the soil before planting. It can be mixed with calcium oxide or other materials to form a dust, which is then applied to the soil surface. 2,6-DCPA inhibits plant growth by interfering with the photosynthesis process, which may be due to its high cytotoxicity. The exact mechanism of action has not been determined but it may be due to interference with chloride transport or ethyl esters production in plants. This chemical has also been shown to inhibit amine metabolism in plants and animals.<br>2,6-DCPA has two isomers: cis and trans. They differ only in the position of the chlorine atom on the benzene ring: cis (left) and trans (right).</p>

<p>5-Cyanoindole-3-carboxaldehyde is an aldehyde that is used in synthesis of β-unsaturated aldehydes. It is prepared by the reaction of 3-cyanoindole with formaldehyde. 5-Cyanoindole-3-carboxaldehyde has antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. It also has a high yield and can be purified by filtration or by condensation with chlorobenzene. 5-Cyanoindole-3-carboxaldehyde can be activated by irradiation, which makes it useful for the production of pharmaceuticals.</p>

3-Cyanobenzamide is an organic compound with the formula CHC(N)NH. It is a white crystalline solid that can be obtained by reacting benzamide with cyanoacetylene. There are three possible isomers of 3-cyanobenzamide: 3-cyano-1-(substituted phenyl)benzamide, 3-cyano-2-(substituted phenyl)benzamide, and 3-cyano-3-(substituted phenyl)benzamide. The optimal reaction conditions for the synthesis of 3-cyanobenzamide are in the presence of hydrogen bonding, such as n-hexane, amide, and phase equilibrium. Studies have determined that 3-cyanobenzamide has the potential to cause cancer or liver toxicity in humans. In addition, this chemical has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of alpha glucosidase enzymes in vitro and in vivo.

<p>2-Cyanobenzamide is a corrosion inhibitor that is used in the electrochemical industry to protect metals from corrosion. It has been shown to be suitable for use as a corrosion inhibitor in salt water and other corrosive environments. 2-Cyanobenzamide has been shown to have light sensitive properties, which is why it should not be exposed to direct light or stored in dark containers. It also inhibits enzymes that are involved in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. The reaction of 2-cyanobenzamide with aluminium, sodium sulfide, and polymeric matrices has also been studied extensively.<br>2-Cyanobenzamide can be synthesized by reacting benzoyl chloride with ammonia and cyanogen bromide. This reaction produces a mixture of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetramers of 2-cyanobenzamide. These products can then be separated using analytical methods such as</p>

N-Cyanopiperidine is a cyclohexane ring with a trifluoroacetic acid group. It is used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical preparations and has been shown to be stable in low-energy environments, such as when mixed with glycol ethers or chlorides. N-Cyanopiperidine is also used as an intermediate for the preparation of other compounds, such as metal carbonyl complexes and derivatives. N-Cyanopiperidine can be synthesized by reacting anhydrous hydrogen cyanide with piperidinium chloride in the presence of metal hydroxides. This reaction mechanism is known to produce two products: 1) a stable complex with a metal ion, and 2) a reaction product that contains the desired product and hydrogen cyanide.

<p>4-Aminophenylacetonitrile is a molecule that is structurally similar to nitrobenzene. 4-Aminophenylacetonitrile has been shown to be an efficient method for inhibiting faecalis growth and secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) activity in vitro. It also inhibits the population growth of E. coli in vivo, which can be attributed to its ability to inhibit the enzyme catalysed by hydrogen bond formation.</p>

<p>3-Cyanocinnamic acid is a reactive, unreactive, and stepwise cycloaddition compound. It can participate in photochemical reactions with other compounds to form photodimers. 3-Cyanocinnamic acid has an optimal reaction temperature of 100°C and a reaction time of 5 minutes. The diradical nature of 3-cyanocinnamic acid makes it sensitive to UV light, and the photochemical reactions are simulated by quantum mechanics calculations. Photodimerisation simulations show that 3-cyanocinnamic acid is capable of forming photodimers with 2-cyanocinnamic acid or 4-cyanocinnamic acid at room temperature.</p>

<p>2-Bromo-5-chlorophenylacetonitrile is an organic compound that is used as a reagent and building block in the synthesis of other chemicals. It is a colourless liquid that can be used to synthesize complex compounds. 2-Bromo-5-chlorophenylacetonitrile has been shown to be useful in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and herbicides. This chemical can be used as a versatile intermediate or building block for the production of high quality research chemicals and specialty chemicals. 2-Bromo-5-chlorophenylacetonitrile is not on the list of chemical substances classified as hazardous according to EU regulation (EINECS) No. 231-1003.</p>

<p>2-Chloro-3-methylbenzylamine HCl is a fine chemical that is a versatile building block for synthesis of pharmaceuticals and research chemicals. It is also a useful intermediate in the production of other compounds, such as speciality chemicals, complex compounds, and reaction components. 2-Chloro-3-methylbenzylamine HCl has many potential applications in both academia and industry because it is a high quality reagent with many uses.</p>

<p>(3R,5R)-6-Cyano-3,5-dihydroxy-hexanoic acid tert-butyl ester is a building block for organic synthesis. It is a versatile intermediate that can be used in the preparation of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds. The compound is also used as a reagent to study the biological activity of other compounds. CAS No. 125971-93-9 is a fine chemical that has been shown to have high quality and purity.</p>

<p>2-Acetoxybenzonitrile is an atypical, acidic organic compound with a molecular weight of 136.06 g/mol. It has a melting point of -5.5 °C and decomposes spontaneously at high temperatures to form benzonitrile, carbon dioxide, and water. 2-Acetoxybenzonitrile is able to act as a competitive inhibitor of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in the kinetic determination of ASA using acetylation as the rate-determining step. In this experiment, 2-acetoxybenzonitrile was found to be an effective inhibitor of acetylation with a KI value of 1.8 x 10 M. The spectrometer can be used to determine the molecular weight and purity of 2-acetoxybenzonitrile by measuring its absorbance in the ultraviolet region.<br>2-Acetoxybenzonitrile binds metal cations such as Cu(II), Fe(</p>

4-Cyano-4'-octylbiphenyl is a molecule that consists of an aromatic ring with two alkyl chains. This compound has been shown to be a model system for studying solute transport in liquids and gases. 4-Cyano-4'-octylbiphenyl also has the ability to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which are important for the fluidity of the substance. At high temperatures, this compound undergoes a phase transition from liquid to solid due to dipole interactions between molecules.

<p>Dodeca 2E,4E,8Z,10E,Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (DETBA) is a versatile building block that is used in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals. DETBA can be used as a reaction component in organic synthesis to form complex compounds such as polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, and polyimides. It also has high quality and can be used in research or speciality chemical applications.</p>

<p>2-Cyano-3-trifluoromethylpyridine is a fine chemical that is used as a versatile building block in the synthesis of complex compounds. It can be used as an intermediate in research chemicals, reaction components, and speciality chemicals. 2-Cyano-3-trifluoromethylpyridine is a high quality reagent that can be used for the synthesis of various derivatives. It is also a useful scaffold for the development of new drugs and other chemical compounds.</p>

<p>2,4,6-Trimethoxybenzonitrile is a ligand that forms coordination complexes with metal ions. It can be used to make N-oxide compounds and reaction products with aryl chlorides. The 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzonitrile ligand has been shown to form cross-coupling complexes with benzotriazolyl. This compound is soluble in organic solvents and has a vapor pressure of 0.0025 mm Hg at 25°C. The molecular weight of this compound is 196.2 g/mol and its melting point is 190°C. 2,4,6-Trimethoxybenzonitrile has a symmetric molecule in the gas phase and an asymmetric molecule in solution due to the interactions of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces.</p>

<p>3-Hydroxybenzylamine hydrochloride (3HBH) is a chemical compound that has been used as a reagent and in the synthesis of other compounds. It is also known to be a useful scaffold for complex compounds, and can be used as a building block for the synthesis of fine chemicals. 3HBH has been found to have many applications in research, such as being an intermediate for pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes, and agrochemicals. 3HBH is also useful in organic syntheses where it has been found to react with nitriles and amides to form esters and amides respectively.</p>

<p>4-Cyanobenzoic acid ethyl ester is a hydrogen-bonding acceptor that is also able to form exciplexes with styrene. It has a conformation that is similar to that of aminobenzoate, which is a hydrogen-bonding donor. 4-Cyanobenzoic acid ethyl ester reacts with solvents such as benzene and chloroform, undergoing hydration reactions to form the corresponding 4-cyanophenol derivatives. It undergoes cyclization when heated in the presence of ruthenium(II) chloride to produce 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. The reaction mechanism for this reaction consists of two steps: an intramolecular nucleophilic attack followed by an intramolecular electrophilic substitution. The deionized water used in this synthetic process eliminates the need for drying agents and stabilizers, making it easier to carry out the synthesis.</p>

1-Cyano-4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium tetrafluoroborate (CDAP) is an organic cyanylating agent.  It is reactive under acidic conditions giving CDAP an advantage over other sulfhydryl labeling agents, as it can avoid potential thiol-disulfide exchange.