Antimicotici

Anti-fungal; glucan synthase inhibitor

Anthelmintic; inhibitor of tubulin polymerization

Tolnaftate is a thiocarbamate antifungal agent with action on fungal cell membrane disruption and is used for treating fungal infections like athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm.

Posaconazole is an antifungal agent that inhibits the 14-alpha demethylase enzyme which is responsible for the synthesis of the fungal cell wall component, ergosterol. This demethylase enzyme synthesizes ergosterol through converting lanosterol to ergosterol. Therefore Posaconazole prevents the formation of fungal cell walls with the appropriate membrane permeability thus leading to fungal cell lysis. Posaconazole can be used as an antifungal drug to treat opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised individuals such as HIV patients. Moreover it is shown to inflict its inhibitory activity against common pathogenic fungus such as Candida and Aspergillus species but also Mucorales and some Fusarium species, which are less common.

Exalamide is an arenecarboxamide antifungal agent with action on fungal growth inhibition and is used for research on fungal infections.

Applications 3-Methyl-3-phenylamino-1-butyne is an intermediate in the synthesis of Endophenazine A which is a new phenazine antibiotic isolated from the arthropod associated endosymbiont Streptomyces anulatus and shows antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria and some filamentous fungi, and herbicidal activity against Lemna minor (duckweed).
References Gebhardt, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 55, 794 (2002)

Applications o-Tolylglyoxylic Acid Methyl Ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of Trifloxystrobin (T778900), a broad-spectrum foliar fungicide used in plant protection.

Applications A bactericidal and fungicidal.
References Schoppelrei, J., et al.: J. Phys. Chem., 100, 14343 (1996), Kolb, H., et al.: Drug Discovery Today, 8, 1128 (2003),

Applications Rhein Methylate 3-(2,3,4,6-Tetraacetate β-D-Glucopyranose) is an intermediate in synthesizing Rhein 8-Glucoside (R318520), which has been seen to exhibit cytotoxic and DNA-damaging properties towards tumor and normal human cells. In addition it has been shown to be an inhibitor of PTP1B (Human Protein Tyrosine Kinase 1B) in vitro. It is an analog of Rhein (318500) which is found in the free state and as glucoside in Rheum spp, Polygonaceae (rhubarb) and in Senna leaves. It is a potential antioxidant resource: endophytic fungi from medicinal plants.
References Wanitschke, Pharmacology, 20, Suppl. 1, 21 (1980); Raimondi, L., et al.: Pharmacol. Res. Commun., 14, 103 (1982); Franchi-Micheli, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 35, 262 (1983); Li, S. et al.: J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 8, 281 (2006); Shi, Y.Q. et al.: Anticancer. Res., 21, 2847 (2001)

Applications (5E)-5-(3-Bromopropylidene)-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-10-ol is an intermediate in the synthesis of 10-Hydroxy (E)-Amitriptyline (D462790). (5E)-5-[3-(dimethylamino)propylidene]-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-10-ol is a metabolite of amitriptyline (A633350) which is a dibenzocycloheptadiene derivative and an antidepressant (1). Amitriptyline is also a TrkA and TrkB receptor agonist and exhibits neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory activities (2,3). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Applications 2-[[[1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy]methyl]benzenamine is an intermediate used in the synthesis of (P840402), which is an isotope labelled Pyraclostrobin, a fungicide for use in seed grass and food crops.
References Gyldenkaerne, S., et al.: Pestic Sci., 55, 1210 (1999), Pennington, D., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1119 (2005), Wang, S., et al.: Food Control., 18, 731 (2007),

Applications 2-[(6-Chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)oxy]-α-(dimethoxymethyl)benzeneacetic Acid Methyl Ester is an impurity of Azoxystrobin (A965150), an strobilurin fungicide.
References Liu H.J., et al.: J. Chin. Chem. Soc., 60, 27 (2013);

Applications 2-Demethyl Mandestrobin is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Mandestrobin (M162555), which is a novel fungicide having a methoxyacetamid structure. Mandestrobin also shows safer profiles for human health and the environment.
References Hirotomi, D., & Kiguchi, S.: PCT Int. Appl., WO 2017026526 A1 20170216 (2017)

Applications Methyl 2-[2-[(2,5-Dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl]-2-(hydroxy)acetic Acid Ester is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Mandestrobin (M162555), which is a novel fungicide having a methoxyacetamid structure. Mandestrobin also shows safer profiles for human health and the environment.
References Hirotomi, D., & Kiguchi, S.: PCT Int. Appl., WO 2017026526 A1 20170216 (2017)

Applications 5-​(2-​Chlorophenyl)​-​3-​cyclopropyl-​4,​5-​dihydro-1H-​pyrazole is an intermediate in synthesizing Sedaxane (S242000), a broad-spectrum seed treatment fungicide used for control of seed- and soil-borne diseases in a broad range of crops. It inhibits fungal respiration by binding to the succinate dehydrogenase complex in the fungal mitochondrium.
References Zeun, R., et al.: Pest Manag. Sci., 69, 527 (2013); Oostendorp, M., et al.: Phytopathology, 101, S133 (2011); Olaya, G., et al.: Phytopathology, 101, S132 (2011)