Antiparassitari

Levamisole is a synthetic imidazothiazole derivative belonging to the family of anthelmintic drugs. It is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists that binds to nAChRs on the neuromuscular junctions of parasitic worms, mimicking the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This excessive stimulation of nAChRs leads to persistent depolarization of muscle cells and spastic paralysis to expel of the worms. Levamisole exhibits broad-spectrum activity against various roundworms, whipworms, hookworms, and threadworms.

Chloroquine is a 4-aminoquinolone that is used to prevent and treat malaria, caused by parasitic protozoan from the Plasmodium genus. Chloroquine i a schizonticidal agent and is a widely prescribed antimalarial compound. The antiviral activity of chloroquine in vitro has been reported in 1960’s and recent publications have brought attention to its possible benefits in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, infected with the newly emerged coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Current evidence shows that chloroquine inhibits SARS CoV-2 entry in host cells by interfering with endocytosis and affecting the glycoprofile on the S-glycoprotein.

Mebendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic with action on microtubule formation in parasitic worms and is used for treating intestinal worm infections like threadworms and roundworms.

Flubendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic with action on microtubule formation in parasites and is used for treating intestinal worms in humans and animals.

Amopyroquine is an antimalarial agent and is used for the treatment of malaria. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of haem polymerase in the parasite, leading to the accumulation of toxic haem

Anti-malarial quinine analogue; effective against Covid-19 infection in vitro

Satranidazole is an antimicrobial agent that falls under the category of synthetic nitroimidazoles. It is derived from chemical synthesis and is designed to combat infections caused by specific organisms. The mode of action involves the reduction of the nitro group within the organism, creating reactive intermediates that disrupt DNA synthesis and lead to cell death. This mode of action is notably effective against protozoal infections and anaerobic bacterial infections.

Compound Im (Insecticidal agent 6) is a potent inhibitor of insect ryanodine receptors (RyRs), exhibiting an EC50 of 0.6308 µM against S.