Steroidi

<p>Applications 6-α-Hydroxy Stanozolol is a metabolite of Stanozolol (S684500), an androgenic/anabolic steroid used for treating conditions such as anaemia and hereditary angioedema.<br>References Scarth, J.P., et al.: Steroids., 75, 57 (2010); Steward, R.T., et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem. Molec. Biol., 117, 152 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Prednisolone 21-β-D-Glucuronide Sodium Salt is a metabolite of Prednisolone (P703740).<br>References Hutzler, J., ET AL.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 355 (2002), Sugiyama, D., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 43489 (2003), Hagenbuch, B., et al.: Xenobiotica, 38, 778 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity S<br>Applications Beclomethasone 11,17,21-Tripropionate (Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity S) is an impurity of Beclomethasone (B131000), a glucocorticoid. Used in chronic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Antiallergic, antiasthmatic (inhalant). Anti-inflammatory (topical).<br>References Malfitan, V.A., et al.: Clin. Ther., 4, 472 (1982), Rao, M., et al.: J. Asthma, 19, 21 (1982), Small, P., et al.: Ann. Allergy, 49, 127 (1982), Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 28, 99 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desmethyl Ulipristal Acetate is the N-monodemethylated analogue and metabolite of the selective progesterone receptor modulator Ulipristal Acetate (U700810). N-Desmethyl Ulipristal Acetate contributes significantly to the antiprogestational activity of its parent compound.<br>References Attardi, B.J. et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 88, 277 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Desogestrel.<br>References Back, D., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 26, 23 (1988), Wienkers, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 1990, 24, 610 (1990), Bourrie, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 277, 321 (1996), Ono, S., et al.: Xenobiotica, 26, 681 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications Betamethasone 17-Butyrate is an impurity of Clobetasone 17-Butyrate (C583550), an glucocorticoid used for anti-inflammatory purposes.<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone precursor and metabolite with androgenic activity. Controlled substance (anabolic steroid).<br>References Walker, V.R., et al.: Anal. Biopchem., 234, 194 (1996); King, D.S., et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 281, 2020 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Equilin (E592800).<br>References Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997), Wang, Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 2419 (2000), Jiang, X., et al.: Steroids, 71, 334 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Androst-4-ene-3,17-dione-2,2,4,6,6,16,16-d7 is an intermediate in the synthesis of Dehydroepiandrosterone-d5 which is the labeled analogue of Dehydro Epiandrosterone (D229585). Dehydro Epiandrosterone is a major secretory steroidal product of the adrenal gland; secretion progresively declines with aging. May have estrogen-or androgen-like effects depending on the hormonal milieu. Intracellularly converted to androstenedione. It is used in treatment of menopausal syndrome.<br>References Yahara, M., et al.: J. Toxicol. Sci., 2, 161 (1977), Morales, A.J., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 78, 1360 (1994), Ebeling, P., et al.: Lancet, 343, 1479 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity L<br>Applications 1,2-Dihydro Beclomethasone Dipropionate (Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity L) is an impurity of Beclomethasone Dipropionate (B131030).<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluocinolone Acetonide EP Impurity G<br>Applications Flurandrenolone Acetate, is the derivative of Flurandrenolide (F598650), which is a Glucocorticoid, used as an antipsoriatic.<br>References Pearlman, R., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 18, 53 (1984), Neufeld, E., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 718, 273 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl Deoxycholate is the ethyl ester of the common bile salt Deoxycholic Acid (D232645), a Cholic Acid (C432600) derivative used as a component in cell lysis buffers.<br>References Tuangtong, R. et al.: Dermatol. Surg., 36, 899 (2010); Araki, Y. et al.: Scand. J. Gast., 36, 533 (2001);<br></p>

<p>(1α)-17-(Acetyloxy)-6-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)-pregna-4,6-<br>diene-3,20-dione; 6-Chloro-1α-(chloromethyl)-17-<br>hydroxypregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione Acetate; Cyproterone<br>Acetate EP Impurity C</p>

<p>Impurity Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity H<br>Applications Beclomethasone 17-Propionate (Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity H) is an active metabolite of Beclomethasone Dipropionate (BDP).<br>References Soria, I., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 19, 297 (1998), Harrison, L., et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 51, 1235 (1999), Daley-Yates, P., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharm., 51, 400 (2001).<br></p>

<p>Applications Betamethasone 6α-Bromo 17-Valerate is an impurity of Betamethasone (B327000), which is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent.<br>References Ferrante, M.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 43 (1977), Li, A., et al.: Chem. Biol. Interact., 142, 7 (2002), Cruz-Monteagudo, M., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 40, 1030 (2005), Rothfuss, A., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 1313 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity K / Betamethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity C<br>Applications Betamethasone 21-Propionate (Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity K) is a degradation product of Betamethasone. Glucocorticoid.<br>References Andersson, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 36, 763 (1984), Wurthwein, G., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 11, 381 (1990), Samtani, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 93, 726 (2004), Samtani, M., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 1124 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Mifepristone (M343975).<br>References Ringler, I., et al.: Metabolism, 13, 37 (1964), Gagne, D., et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem., 25, 315 (1986), Jang, G., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 753 (1996), Hild, S., et al.: Hum. Reprod., 15, 822 (2000), Gainer, E., et al.: Steroids, 68, 1005 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Campesteryl Ferulate is a component of γ-​oryzanol with antioxidant activities.<br>References Xu, Z., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 2077 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications An oxidized derivative of the visual pigment carotenoid.<br>References Wada, A., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 56, 112 (2008), Smolensky, E., et al.: Biochem., 48, 9170 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Stigmasta-3,5-diene is one of the components found in vegetable oil after refining.<br>References Lanzon, A., et al.: J. Am. Oil Chemist Soc., 71, 285 (1994); Cert, A., et al.: Food Chem., 49, 287 (1994)<br></p>

Estrone sulfate sodium, an inactive estrogen ester, transforms into estrone via steroid sulfatase. It's studied for targeting polypeptide transporters.

<p>Applications A normal mammalian metabolite of Cortisone (C696500).<br>References Schneider, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 183, 365 (1950), Barkemeyer, et al.: Appl. Microbiol., 8, 237 (1960),<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl Lithocholate is an derivative of Lithocholic Acid (L469180),a cholic acid derivative as TGR5 modulator. Found in ox bile, human bile, rabbit bile, and in ox and pig gallstones.<br>References Roleira, F.M., et al.: Lett. Drug. Design. Discovery., 7, 610 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Cortisol (H714615).<br>References Quinkler, M., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 88, 2384 (2003), Draper, N., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 186, 251 (2005), Kotlowska, A., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 42, 448 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Cortisone (C696500).<br>References Mashkovskii, M., et al.: Med. Agents, 2, 34 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Desoxymetasone (D296970).<br>References Schriks, M., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 4766 (2010), Baeck, M., et al.: Eur. J. Dermatol., 20, 102 (2010), Lee, P., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 69 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of Letrozole.<br>References Koyama, E., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 15, 224 (1993), Pfister, C., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 83, 520 (1994), Vander H.Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 24, 723 (2001), Cohen, M., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 8, 665 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications S 23 is a selective androgen receptor modulator.<br>References Thevis, M., et al.: Drug Testing and Analysis, 2, 589 (2010); Jones, A., et al.; Endocr., 150, 385 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity A / Betamethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity B<br>Applications Betamethasone 17-Propionate (Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity A) is a degradation product of Betamethasone. Glucocorticoid.<br>References Andersson, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 36, 763 (1984), Wurthwein, G., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 11, 381 (1990), Samtani, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 93, 726 (2004), Samtani, M., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 1124 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Triamcinolone acetonide.<br>References Edsbacker, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 11, 590 (1983), Szefler, S., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 30, 323 (1986), Hansel, T., et al.: J. Immunol. Methods, 145, 105 (1991), Argenti, D., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 39, 695 (1999),<br></p>

<p>β-Sitosterol β-D-glucoside is a phytosterol glycoside, which is primarily derived from plant sources such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. As a natural component of plant cell membranes, it exhibits bioactive properties. The compound functions by modulating cholesterol metabolism and has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. It achieves this by interfering with the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines and modulating the activity of enzymes involved in its metabolism.</p>

<p>Reduced form of lanosterone</p>

<p>Mestranol is a synthetic estrogen, which is derived from chemical synthesis. Its mode of action involves being a prodrug of ethinylestradiol, meaning it is metabolized in the liver to its active form, which then binds to estrogen receptors in target tissues. This binding alters the expression of genes, influencing the reproductive system to prevent ovulation. By inhibiting the release of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) from the pituitary, it effectively halts the maturation of ovarian follicles.</p>

<p>Formononetin-7-O-gentiobioside is an isoflavonoid glycoside, which is a type of naturally occurring compound often found in plants, specifically in the Fabaceae family. This compound is primarily sourced from various legumes and has been studied for its potential bioactive properties due to its unique chemical structure. The mode of action of formononetin-7-O-gentiobioside involves its interaction with biological pathways, where it may exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or estrogen-like activities, similar to other isoflavonoids. These interactions are significant in modulating cellular pathways that can contribute to various physiological effects.</p>

Saponin from the quillaja plant is a natural extract characterized by a significant sapogenin content of 25%-30%. This product is derived from the bark of the Quillaja saponaria tree, a native species of Chile. The primary mode of action of these saponins involves the interaction with cell membranes due to their surfactant properties, which can lead to membrane permeabilization and subsequent cellular responses.

<p>Estriol is a steroidal estrogen, which is a naturally occurring hormone primarily sourced from the placenta during pregnancy. Its mode of action involves binding to estrogen receptors, thereby exerting its effects as part of the broader group of estrogens. Estriol has a relatively lower affinity for estrogen receptors compared to estradiol, contributing to its unique pharmacological profile.In scientific research and clinical settings, Estriol is employed in hormone replacement therapy, especially in postmenopausal women, due to its milder estrogenic effects and lower associated risks compared to other estrogens. It is also studied for its potential benefits in urogynecological health, such as the treatment of menopausal symptoms like vaginal atrophy. Furthermore, its application is under investigation for autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis, given its immunomodulatory properties. Ongoing research aims to delineate the therapeutic potential and safety profile of Estriol in various clinical contexts.</p>

Betamethasone is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that belongs to the group of corticosteroids. It is used in the treatment of a number of inflammatory diseases, such as allergic states, dermatologic disorders and gastrointestinal disorders. This drug binds to glucocorticoid receptors inhibiting inflammatory signals whilst promoting anti-inflammatory signals.

<p>Estradiol is a synthetic or naturally occurring form of estrogen, predominantly sourced from ovarian secretions in females. It performs its mode of action by binding to estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, subsequently regulating gene expression and modulating various biological processes including reproductive system development, bone density maintenance, and cardiovascular function.</p>

<p>2'-Hydroxyformononetin is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which is predominantly found in certain plants such as red clover and soy. It is a type of phytoestrogen, which exhibits estrogen-like activity due to its ability to bind estrogen receptors. The mode of action involves modulating estrogen receptor pathways, which in turn can affect various physiological processes related to hormone balance and cell proliferation.</p>

<p>Withaferin A is a bioactive compound, which is a steroidal lactone with antiproliferative properties. It is derived from the medicinal plant *Withania somnifera*, commonly known as Ashwagandha. Withaferin A exerts its effects by modulating various signaling pathways, including the inhibition of NF-kB and induction of oxidative stress, which lead to apoptotic cell death in cancer cells and reduced inflammation.</p>

<p>Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione is a steroidal aromatase inhibitor, which is a synthetic compound derived from modifications of naturally occurring steroid structures. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of the aromatase enzyme. Aromatase catalyzes the conversion of androgens into estrogens, a critical step in the biosynthesis of estrogens. By inhibiting this enzyme, Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione effectively reduces estrogen levels, which can be of particular interest in research environments exploring the role of estrogens in various biological processes.</p>

<p>Polyphyllin D is a natural compound, which is a steroidal saponin extracted from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. It exhibits significant biological activities and has garnered interest for its potential therapeutic applications. Polyphyllin D exerts its effects primarily through the disruption of cellular processes, including the induction of apoptosis, modulation of the cell cycle, and inhibition of angiogenesis. It achieves these actions by influencing multiple molecular pathways, such as the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and autophagy regulation.</p>

<p>Dioscin is a steroidal saponin, which is a naturally occurring compound found in various plants, notably in species such as Dioscorea nipponica and Dioscorea zingiberensis. These plants belong to the yam family, which are well-regarded for their medicinal properties. The mode of action of dioscin involves modulation of various biochemical pathways, including the suppression of inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, dioscin has been shown to promote apoptosis in cancer cells through the activation of caspases and disruption of mitochondrial function.</p>