Zuccheri e nucleobasi della spina dorsale

<p>Applications Pyrimidine with the ability to form complexes with heavy metal ions.<br>References Iltzsch, M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 48, 781 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications (E)-5-(2-Carboxvinyl)uracil (cas# 57412-59-6) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

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<p>N6-Methyladenine is a modification of adenine in DNA. It is formed by the methylation of the N6 position of adenine, which is a group P2 purine base. The structural analysis of this compound has been studied using x-ray diffraction data, and it has been found that it may inhibit cancer cells by modifying their DNA. This compound can also be used as an antimicrobial agent to treat infections caused by eukaryotes such as bacteria and fungi. N6-Methyladenine may be useful in transcriptional regulation and cellular transformation.</p>

<p>1,3-Diethyl-8-phenylxanthine is a p2y receptor antagonist that inhibits bacterial growth by interfering with the energy metabolism of the cell. It is an analytical reagent that can be used to measure specific DNA sequences and has been shown to have genotoxic effects on cultured human cells. 1,3-Diethyl-8-phenylxanthine has also been shown to inhibit the growth of infectious bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. This compound may be used as a potential biomarker for the identification of antimicrobial peptides that are active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans.</p>

1-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)-3,7-dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione (theophylline) is a bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory agent. It is used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. Theophylline is structurally similar to caffeine and theobromine and has been shown to have a similar effect on the heart and blood vessels as these stimulants. It also stimulates the central nervous system in a manner similar to that of theobromine. Theophylline has shown some benefit in congestive heart failure patients but has not been proven effective for treating high blood pressure or fibrillation.

<p>7-Deazaadenine is a pyrimidine compound that inhibits the enzyme kinase, which is involved in DNA synthesis. 7-Deazaadenine has significant cytotoxicity against cells and has been shown to inhibit the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It can be used as an analytical tool for investigating enzymatic reactions by selectively inhibiting specific enzymes. 7-Deazaadenine binds to nitrogen atoms in DNA and inhibits the activity of proteases, which are enzymes that break down proteins. This drug also has pharmacokinetic properties such as oral absorption and distribution, metabolism, and elimination.</p>

<p>8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine (CPT) is a xanthine derivative that binds to the adenosine receptor and inhibits the phosphodiesterase enzyme. CPT is used in vivo as a model for measuring locomotor activity, dopamine receptors, adenosine receptors, and glutamate receptors. The binding of CPT to these receptors can lead to bronchoconstriction by stimulating the release of vasoactive substances from airway cells and increasing the sensitivity of airway cells to bronchoconstrictor stimuli. This drug also has been shown to inhibit calcium ion influx into cytosol and increase intracellular levels of cAMP.</p>

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6-Amino-5-nitroso-2-thiouracil is a water molecule that has been synthesized and characterized by the kinetic method. It has an intense absorption line at 514 nm and can be used as a marker for technetium. 6-Amino-5-nitroso-2-thiouracil is also a ligand, which is a chemical that binds to metal ions in order to form coordination complexes. 6-Amino-5-nitroso-2-thiouracil is formed by the reaction of chloramine with ammonia, as well as other reactions involving chlorine atoms. 6Amino - 5 nitroso - 2 thiouracil can be used as a chelate ring, which is a type of ligand that contains both nitrogen and sulfur atoms. Bleomycin, a five membered ring molecule, reacts with 6 amino - 5 nitroso - 2 thiouracil to

<p>1,3-Dipropyl-7-methylxanthine is a xanthine compound that is structurally related to caffeine. It has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the production of reactive oxygen species and cytosolic calcium levels in primary cells, as well as a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist activity. It has also been shown to antagonize the effects of adenosine receptors, p2 receptors, and p2y receptors. This drug is used for the treatment of basophilic leukemia.</p>

8-Methoxymethyl-1-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl) xanthine (8MMX) is an intracellular calcium ion chelator that inhibits enzyme activity in the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase enzyme family. 8MMX has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of both cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes. 8MMX has been shown to inhibit bladder contractility and improve bladder function in animal models. It also reduces the incidence of papillary muscle rupture, which can lead to heart failure, and improves ventricular function by increasing the rate of relaxation of the left ventricle. 8MMX is a potential treatment for pulmonary hypertension, which is caused by increased concentrations of intracellular calcium ions.

(E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)uracil is a drug that has been shown to be effective against leukemic cells. It is a prodrug of 5-bromouracil, which is an antimetabolite and cytotoxic agent. (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)uracil has also been shown to be active against solid tumours, such as metastatic colorectal cancer, and bacteria. The mechanism of action involves the irreversible inhibition of the enzyme thymidylate synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to thymidine monophosphate (dTMP). The drug binds to the dinucleotide phosphate pocket in the enzyme's active site and blocks access by dUMP. This leads to DNA synthesis errors, causing cell death. As a prodrug, it has low toxicity profiles and does not cause bone marrow suppression like

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1-(3-Carboxypropyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine is a drug that belongs to a class of drugs called multidrugs. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of endothelial cells by blocking the binding of tnf-α to its receptor on these cells. 1-(3-Carboxypropyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine also inhibits cancer cell proliferation and has been shown to be effective in some human cancer models. This drug interacts with other molecules (e.g., proton) and can have significant effects on magnetic resonance spectroscopy assays as well as in humans.

<p>6-Amino-1-methyl-5-nitrosouracil is a neutral form of the molecule that has both protonated and unprotonated forms. It is a bidentate ligand that can bind to a metal ion. The nitrogen atom in the molecule is an important part of its structure, as it contains two nitro groups and one amino group. 6-Amino-1-methyl-5-nitrosouracil has been used in techniques such as spectroscopies and dinitroso analysis. The neutral form of the molecule can be converted into its ionic form by adding either chlorine or nitrate ions to it, which causes the nitrogen atoms to be more electronegative. This conversion changes the nature of the compound, making it more acidic. Dehydration also occurs when water molecules are removed from 6-amino 1 methyl 5 nitrosourea, which causes a change in shape and shifts its properties to</p>

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Dye 937 is substituted unsymmetrical cyanine dyes and useful in the detection of DNA in electrophoretic gels.

<p>9-(β-D-xylofuranosyl)guanine (9XG) is a trifluoride. It is an antiviral agent that inhibits the growth of herpes virus, in particular by methylating guanosine to 9-methylguanosine in the viral DNA. 9XG binds to the viral DNA and prevents its replication through the inhibition of RNA synthesis. The drug is active against many different types of viruses and has been shown to be effective against tissue cultures infected with herpes virus. 9XG is synthesized from guanosine and boron trifluoride etherate, which are reacted at -78 degrees Celsius for three days. This yields a mixture of compounds with various peracylation groups, which are then separated by chromatography.</p>

4-Thiouracil is a uridine analog and has been shown to inhibit transcriptional regulation by hydrogen bonding with the dna template. 4-Thiouracil is a prodrug that is converted to its active form, thiouracil, which inhibits DNA synthesis and cell proliferation by inhibiting the enzyme topoisomerase II. This results in the formation of abnormal DNA molecules that are not replicated properly. Thiouracil also has photochemical properties due to its ability to absorb light at wavelengths below 400 nm. The photochemical properties of 4-thiouracil have been studied extensively as models for human tissue culture and the study of cancer cells.

<p>Pyrimidine nucleobase; component of nucleic acids</p>

<p>Isocytosine is a prodrug that has been synthesized with the intramolecular hydrogen on the nitrogen atoms, which makes it more chemically stable. Isocytosine is a reactive molecule, and can react with tautomers to form isocytosine derivatives. Isocytosine contains three hydrogen atoms that are transferable through reactions to other molecules. The chemical stability of isocytosine allows for its use in wastewater treatment. It also has metabolic effects, such as the inhibition of colorectal adenocarcinoma and metabolic disorders. Isocytosine can be used as a model system for studying transfer reactions and reaction mechanisms.</p>

5-Chlorouracil is a drug that is used to treat cancer. It has been shown to have biological properties, and its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. 5-Chlorouracil can be synthesized in the laboratory by reacting sodium hydroxide with 5-chloro-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. In wastewater treatment plants, it reacts with organic matter in the water to form nontoxic products, such as carbon dioxide and urea. The reaction solution contains 5-chlorouracil, which undergoes tautomerization spontaneously or through the addition of base. This reaction is reversible, and both the erythro and threo forms are present in solution at equilibrium. The biological properties of 5-chlorouracil have been investigated using sublethal doses in experimental animals. In one study, 5-chlorouracil was found to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity in rats significantly more

Adenine sulfate dihydrate is an important component of the energy-producing process in mitochondria. Adenine sulfate dihydrate is a necessary cofactor for many metabolic reactions, including those that produce ATP and NADH. It has been shown to promote growth factor activity and stimulate cell proliferation. Adenine sulfate dihydrate can be used as a nutrient solution in recombinant protein production, where it is required for the expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli or mammalian cells. This compound also plays an important role in the glycosylation of proteins during their synthesis on ribosomes and may have implications for protein folding and stability.

2-Mercaptopurine (2MP) is a thiopurine drug that is used to treat bowel disease. 2MP inhibits the activity of methyltransferase, which is an enzyme that converts 6-mercaptopurine to 6-thioguanine. This process prevents the conversion of 6-thioguanine into 6-thiouric acid, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of thymine nucleotides. 2MP also inhibits the binding of atp-binding cassette transporter proteins to DNA and blocks the incorporation of purines into RNA and DNA. The drug has been shown to be effective in treating squamous cell carcinoma and other diseases with a high level of activity. 2MP has been shown to be metabolized by erythrocyte polymerase chain reaction and can be detected in biological samples.

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3'-O-Benzyl-2'-Deoxy-5-Trifluoromethyluridine (BDBMU) is a pyrimidine derivative that can be used as an antiviral drug. It inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA by inhibiting viral polymerase. BDBMU is a prodrug of uracil, which is converted to the active compound in tissues. The benzoylation reaction produces a fluorine atom at C5, which increases its potency. This drug has been shown to have minimal toxicity in tumor cells and has been used for the treatment of leukemia and other cancers.

(S)-HPMPA is a nucleotide analogue, which is a chemically synthesized compound designed to mimic nucleotides. It acts as both an antiviral and an antitumor agent, sourced primarily through synthetic chemistry involving the modification of naturally occurring nucleotide structures. The mode of action of (S)-HPMPA involves mimicking natural substrates of various viral polymerases and cellular enzymes, thereby inhibiting viral DNA synthesis and disrupting the replication cycle of DNA viruses. Additionally, it can interfere with certain cellular pathways contributing to its antitumor effects.

<p>1) Non-toxicity: belong to flower-stem dye, easy to biodegrade, no carcinogenic toxicity.</p>

<p>6-Azauracil is a heterocycle with the chemical formula C8H10N2O3. It is approved by the FDA to treat HIV infections and has been shown to have pharmacokinetic properties in humans. 6-Azauracil is structurally similar to uracil, which is found in RNA, but lacks the hydroxyl group on the para position of the heterocyclic ring. The synthesis of this drug was accomplished through acid complex formation with nucleotides and nitrous acid. The compound inhibits replication of retroviruses by competitive inhibition of primer binding. 6-Azauracil has also been shown to be toxic in rats, leading to congestive heart failure and death when administered at high doses. This drug may also act as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis or platelet aggregation.</p>

<p>8-Hydroxyguanine hydrochloride is a fine chemical that is used as a building block in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and other organic compounds. It is also used as a reagent for research into the mechanisms of DNA damage. CAS No. 1246818-54-1 8-Hydroxyguanine hydrochloride is a complex compound that can be used as a versatile building block for the synthesis of many different types of molecules, including valuable intermediates and scaffolds for drug discovery.</p>

<p>2-Thiothymine is a nucleotide that can be synthesized by the polymerase chain reaction. It is used as a probe for determining the sequence of DNA duplexes. 2-Thiothymine binds to dna and forms hydrogen bonds with the nitrogen atoms in dna bases, which prevents them from being able to bind with other dna bases, thereby disrupting the binding of dna strands. This leads to chain reactions that result in high temperatures and could cause damage to the cells. 2-Thiothymine has been shown to be toxic to both bacteria and human cells. It was found to inhibit HIV infection by binding to viral RNA and preventing it from being translated into protein, leading to cell death.</p>

<p>8-Aminoguanine is an anti-cancer agent that is used to treat leukemia. It is a hydrophobic molecule with a redox potential of −0.20 V and has been shown to inhibit the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase in vitro and in vivo. 8-Aminoguanine inhibits the production of guanine nucleotides, which are necessary for DNA synthesis and cell division. This drug also has angiogenic properties, which may be due to its ability to stimulate the formation of new blood vessels by increasing nitric oxide synthase activity. 8-Aminoguanine has also been shown to improve congestive heart failure by reducing myocardial fibrosis and ventricular hypertrophy through activation of the glycosidic bond cleavage system.</p>