Lipidi

<p>Applications Food preservative, having the ability to form complexes with starch, retarding its retrodegradation during storage.<br>References Yu, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 4482 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled (-)-Norgestrel, an emergency contraceptive. Levonorgestrel is safe, tolerated and effective in emergency contraception in woman.<br>References Fotherby, K., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 19(1C), 817 (1983), Stanczyk, F. Z., et al.: Contraception, 42, 67 (1990), Bednarek, P., et al.: Drugs, 67, 2478 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications A Cholesterol (C432501) metabolite. Lathosterol (indicating cholesterol synthesis) and Sitosterol (indicating cholesterol absorption) also decreased with deteriorating health. Low Lathosterol, Sitosterol (S497050), and Cholesterol (C432501) predicted mortality additively and independently of each other.<br>References Chyou, P., et al.: Age Ageing, 29, 69 (2000), Schatz, I., et al.: Lancet, 358, 351 (2001), Bjorkman, M., et al.: Eur. J. Endocrinol., 158, 749 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications γ-Linolenic Acid is a fatty acid found mainly in vegetable oil. Studies suggest that γ-Linolenic Acid may have immune regulating and anti-inflammatory effects. γ-Linolenic Acid has also been used in the treatment of atopic eczeme although its efficacy is disputed.<br>References Ziboh, V. et al.: Fatty Acids Food Health Implic., 791 (2008); Kapoor, R. et al.: Curr. Phar, Biotechnol., 7, 531 (2006); Horrobin, D. et al.: Am. J. Nutrit., 71, 367S (2000);<br></p>

<p>Applications (+)-cis-Diltiazem-d3 HCl (acetoxy-d3) (CAS# 1217860-13-3) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications (25R)-26-Hydroxycholesterol is a desmosterol metabolite that is found in the brain. 26-Hydroxycholesterol has been used as a biomarker for carbon cycling in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.<br>References Meljon, A., et. al.: J. Lipid Res., 53, 2469 (2012); Christodoulou, S., et. al.: Marine Chem., 113, 25 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-Equol and R-Equol are metabolites of the soy isoflavones Daidzein (D103500) and Genistein. Both have significant biological actions.<br>References Heinonen, S., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 274, 211 (1999), Setchell, K., et al.: J. Nutr., 132, 3577 (2002), Thigpen, J., et al.: Comp. Med., 53, 607 (2003), Yee, S., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 2713 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications β-Muricholic Acid is an bile acid found in urine. β-Muricholic Acid has been used in studies of down regulation of transporter protein through ubiquitin dependent protein degradation.<br>References Miyata, M., et al.: Euro. J. Pharmacol., 714, 507 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications 20(S)​-​Ginsenoside Rh1 is an anti-cancer agent found in the leaves of ginseng.<br>References Zheng, M. et al.: Biomed. Res., 26, 646 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine is a long chain fatty acid, acting as a luminescence marker. Is used in enhancing radiotherapy for cancer treatment<br>References Dotsikas, Y. et al.: Anal. Sci., 28, 753 (2012); Choi, J. et al.: J. Nanomet., 8, 863704, (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications (+)-20-Hydroxyecdysone regulates gene transcription via a genomic pathway through a transcription complex that is formed.<br>References Liu, W. et al.: Endocrinol., 155, 1738 (2014); Wang, Q. et al.: Plant Physiol. Biochem., 84, 1 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine-d9 is an isotope labelled analog of sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine (G598700); a phospholipid and precursor in choline biosynthesis. sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine is an intermediate in the catabolic pathway of phosphatidylcholine and is used as an nootropic.<br>References Schmidt, G., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 161, 523 (1945); Frattola, L., et al.: Curr. Ther. Res., 49, 683 (1991); Olson, D., et al.: Science, 270, 1967 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 1-O-Octadecanoyl-sn-glycerol is a monoacylglycerol (MAG) based saturated fatty acid derivative.<br>References Garcia, P. et al.: J. Sep. Sci., 34, 999 (2011); Takagi, T. et al.: LIpids, 25, 398 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Applications A glycidol fatty acid esters in edible oils. An acyl acceptor for the unspecific bifunctional wax ester synthase/acyl-CoA:Diacylglycerol acyltransferase.<br>References Masukawa, Y. et al.: J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., 88, 15 (2011); Kalscheuer, R. et al.: Eur. J. Lipid. Sci. Tech., 105, 578 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications A potential inhibitor of glutamate carboxypeptidase.<br>References Wolcott, T.G., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 57, 709 (1974), Knowles, P.F., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 114, 139 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Colfosceril Palmitate is a major phospholipid constituent and primary surface tension lowering component of natural lung surfactant. Colfosceril Palmitate is used as pulmonary surfactant and diagnostic aid (fetal lung maturity).<br>References Cha, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 273, 2153 (1998), Pantusa, M., et al.: Biophys Chem., 114, 121 (2005), Pantusa, M., et al.: Eur. Biophys. J., 37, 961 (2008), Lautenslager, G., et al.: Metabolism, 60, 1683 (2011),<br></p>

<p>Applications Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid (EET) has antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties and play a role in the maintenance of renal vascular function. N,​N'-​dicyclohexylurea (DCU) increased release of 14,15-EET when the cells were stimulated with a calcium ionophore.Also, it is derived from Arachidonic Acid &gt;97% (A765000), which is an essential fatty acid and a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. Arachidonic Acid occurs in liver, brain, glandular organs, and depot fats of animals, in small amounts in human depot fats, and Arachidonic Acid is also a constituent of animal phosphatides.<br>References Zhao, X., et al.: J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 15, 1244 (2004); Fang, X., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 14867 (2001); Kurosawa, T., et al.: J. Cell. Physiol., 219, 606 (2009); Mazalli, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 5028 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture and Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications (R,S)-Equol 4’-Sulfate is a sulfated metabolite of isoflavone Daidzein (D103500).<br>References Heinonen, S., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 274, 211 (1999), Setchell, K., et al.: J. Nutr., 132, 3577 (2002), Thigpen, J., et al.: Comp. Med., 53, 607 (2003), Yee, S., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 2713 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Norgestimate. Note- The oxime isomerizes when: 1) Heated in any solvent or heating the crystalline form 2) Dissolved in MeOH at room temperature very quickly 3) Dissolved in acetone or CHCl3 at room temperature in a couple of hours at room temperature4) In EtOAc or EtOAc/isooctane over a couple of days at RT. It is stable in the crystalline form.<br>References Phillips, A., et al.: Steroids, 55, 373 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Palmitoyl-rac-glycerol is a biomarker of metabolic responses to hepatotoxicants and carcinogens.<br>References Broadhurst, D., et al.: Metabolomics, 2, 171 (2006), Shi, J., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 25, 930 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 17β-Estradiol 3-O-Sulfate is a neuroactive steroid used in the studies of human recombinant p1 γ-aminobutyric acid type C (GABAC) recptors.<br>References Li, W.J., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therp., 323, 236 (2007); Schneider, C., et al.: Steroids., 69, 245 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications A biomarker of metabolic responses to hepatotoxicants and carcinogens.<br>References Broadhurst, D., et al.: Metabolomics, 2, 171 (2006), Shi, J., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 25, 930 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Arachidoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a derivative of sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine (G598700) and can be used as a biomarker in biological studies.<br>References Tang, C.,et al.: J. Chromatogr. B, 879, 2095 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Biosynthetic precursor of Sphingosine. Inhibits protein kinase C.<br>References Merrill, A.H. Jr., et al.: Biochemistry, 28, 3138 (1989)<br></p>

<p>Applications 11beta-Hydroxyprogesterone (CAS# 600-57-7) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications POPE is a component of E. Coli bacteria cell membrane.<br>References Tu, Y., et al.: Nature Nanotechnology, 8, 594 (2013).<br></p>

<p>Applications A major component of green tea, is a dual phosphoinositide-3-kinase/mTOR inhibitor.<br>References Van Aller, G., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 406, 194 (2011),<br></p>

<p>Applications Sphingosine base present in crayfish and drosophila, contributing to muscle degeneration<br>References Kita, K., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 268, 592 (2001), Fyrst, H., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 49, 597 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications L-Propionyl carnitine has been shown to improve the heart's mechanical recovery and other metabolic parameters after ischemia-reperfusion.<br>References Reznick, A.Z., et al.: Arch. Biochem Biophys., 296, 394 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-8-Prenylnaringin is a prenylflavonoid, a class on non-steroidal phytoestrogen that mimicks and/or modulating endogenous estrogens via estrogen receptor binding.<br>References Miyamoto, M. et al.: Planta Med., 64, 516 (1998); Kim, H.J. et al.: Arch. Pharm. Res., 31, 1241 (2008); Zierau, O. et al.: Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 294, 92 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Etiocholanolone.<br>References Eriksson, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 15, 132 (1970), Cook, D., et al.: Endocrinology, 93, 1019 (1973),<br></p>

<p>Applications (5α)-Pregnane-3,20-dione exerts neuroprotective effects in chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The neuroactivity of the steroid acts as a therapeutic agent for multiple sclerosis.<br>References Caruso, D. et al.: J. Neuroendocrinol., 24, 851 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications (E)-Guggulsterone acts as an α-glucosidase inhibitor also known as a hypolipidemic agent.<br>References Yang, D. et al.: J. Lipid Res., 53, 529 (2012); El-Mekkawy, S. et al.: Nat. Prod. Res., 27, 146 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications A triglyceride for use in making human milk replacements.<br>References Nakaya, H., et al.: Biotechnology Techniques, 12, 881 (1998), Chen, M., et al.: J. Am. Oil Chemists’ Society, 91, 525 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 12β-Hydroxyisocholic Acid is a bile acid.<br>References Batta, A.K., et. al.: J. Lipid Res., 32, 977 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is used in the generation of micelles and liposomes.<br>References Høyrup, P., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1515, 133 (2001); Heberle, F., et al.: Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol., 3, 1 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4β-Hydroxy Cholesterol-d7 is a labelled metabolite of Cholesterol. It is formed from Cholesterol by the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P 450 3A4. A potential ligand for the nuclear receptor LXR and also a new endogenous CYP3A marker.<br>References Breuer, O., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 2275 (1995), Pikuleva, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 273, 18153 (1998), Chawla, A., et al.: Science, 294, 1866 (2001), Bodin, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 38685 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications 12-Hydroxylauric Acid is used in the structural and functional characterization of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase from Solanum lycopersicum.<br>References Kubienova, L., et. al.: Biochimie, 95, 889 (2013)<br></p>