Nucleosidi

2'-C-Methylinosine is an analog of 2'-deoxyinosine that is used as a prodrug for the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection. It has been shown to inhibit RNA synthesis in cell cultures by competitively inhibiting the activity of rna-dependent RNA polymerase. This inhibition leads to the accumulation of unprocessed, inactive ribonucleotides, which are eventually degraded by cellular enzymes. 2'-C-Methylinosine is an analog of 2'-deoxyinosine that has been modified at the C2 position with methyl groups (hence its name). The modification increases the stability and solubility of this molecule. Clinical trials have shown that 2'-C-Methylinosine can be used to treat hepatitis B virus infection when combined with other drugs such as lamivudine or entecavir.

4-Chloro-5-fluoropyrimidine is a fluoropyrimidine that is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, such as 4-amino-2-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidine. This compound is synthesized by chlorinating 4-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidine with chlorine gas. The resulting product is hydrolyzed to yield 4-amino-2,4,5,6 tetrafluoro pyrimidines. 4CFP can also be obtained by hydrogenolysis of toluene with chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide or hydrolyzing an ammonium salt with hydrochloric acid.

6-Benzyloxypurine is a fluorescent compound that can be used to measure the concentration of aqueous solutions. It is used in molecular modeling and as a tracer in bioassays. The binding constants for 6-benzyloxypurine have been determined by fluorescence spectrometry, and it has been shown to inhibit the growth of aerobacter aerogenes at concentrations greater than 0.5 mM. This inhibitor also has an inhibitory effect on the growth of tissue culture cells and wastewater treatment bacteria, such as enterococcus faecalis and pseudomonas aeruginosa. The optimum concentration of 6-benzyloxypurine to inhibit bacterial growth is 1 mM, which corresponds to a pH of ~8.2.

4'-a-C-Methyladenosine is a nucleoside that has antiviral, anticancer and novel properties. It is a modified nucleoside with a methyl group in the 4' position. This modification prevents the phosphodiester bond from being hydrolyzed by nucleotide kinase enzymes. The methyl group also inhibits the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) during DNA synthesis, which prevents the deactivation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). 4'-a-C-Methyladenosine is used to synthesize oligonucleotides for use in DNA sequencing and gene mapping.

Guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate tetralithium hydrate (GTP) is a nucleotide that is synthesized from guanosine 5'-diphosphate. GTP is an effector molecule that regulates the cytosolic protein synthesis and transport pathways. It binds to a number of proteins, including the guanine nucleotide-binding protein, which regulates the metabolic processes in cells. GTP has been shown to be beneficial in treating cancer by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting tumor growth. In addition, Guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate tetralithium hydrate has been shown to inhibit congestive heart failure by reducing free radical production and increasing intracellular adenosine levels.

5,6-Dihydro-2'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-uridine 3'-CE phosphoramidite is a modified nucleoside that is used as an activator in DNA synthesis. It has been shown to have anticancer properties by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. 5,6-Dihydro-2'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-uridine 3'-CE phosphoramidite is synthesized from the monophosphate form and can be used for the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

2'-Deoxy-N7-methylguanosine is a hydrogenolysis product of guanosine. It can be synthesized in four steps from glycosyl chloride, glycosylamine, and methyl iodide. The catalytic hydrogenolysis of 2'-deoxy-N7-methylguanosine with Raney Ni gives the corresponding 6-amino derivative. Hydrolysis of this amino group converts it to a nucleoside. This nucleoside has been shown to hydrolyze with half-life of about 1 hour at pH 8.5 and 37°C. The hydrolysis of purines by 2'-deoxy-N7-methylguanosine is inhibited by adenosine analogues like 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and 3',4'-dideoxyadenosine.

Lamivudine 5'-monophosphate sodium salt is a diphosphate nucleoside analog. It is active against HIV and is also used as an antiviral agent for the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection. Lamivudine 5'-monophosphate sodium salt binds to viral DNA, preventing the progression of viral replication. The drug is phosphorylated by cellular enzymes to its active form, lamivudine triphosphate (3TC).

8-Benzyloxy-N2-isobutyryl-2-deoxyguanosine is a novel, potent and selective anticancer drug that has been shown to inhibit the growth of a variety of human tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. It also has antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1. The drug is an analog of 8-benzyloxyguanosine, a nucleoside which is structurally related to guanine. This compound is synthesized from the corresponding diphosphate and monophosphate derivatives by the action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. 8-Benzyloxy-N2-isobutyryl-2-deoxyguanosine inhibits viral replication by binding to the viral DNA polymerase and preventing further synthesis, as well as inhibiting cellular RNA synthesis.

N-[2-(2,4-Dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide is a novel synthetic compound with antiviral and anticancer activities. It has been reported to be an activator of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (RNR), which is the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of deoxyribonucleosides from ribonucleosides. N-[2-(2,4-Dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]-2,2,2 -trifluoroacetamide also inhibits the protein synthesis of human cancer cells by interfering with the function of DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase.