Nucleosidi

3-Deazaguanosine is a nucleotide that is found in uridine, which is present in the nucleic acids of all cells. It has been shown to be cytotoxic to colorectal adenocarcinoma and carcinoma cell lines, and this cytotoxicity may be due to its ability to inhibit energy metabolism. 3-Deazaguanosine has also been shown to significantly inhibit viral replication, including HIV and herpes simplex virus type 1. It binds with high affinity to monoclonal antibodies that are specific for nucleotide levels. 3-Deazaguanosine inhibits tissue culture enzyme activity and can cause significant changes in adenine nucleotide levels in cell culture.

Lamivudine is a monophosphate antiviral drug that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. It has been shown to inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in vitro, and to protect monkeys from simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS). Lamivudine 5'-diphosphate ammonium salt is an antiviral agent that belongs to the group of deoxyribonucleosides. It has been shown to be effective against HIV-1 and SAIDS in animals. The mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it may work by inhibiting viral RNA synthesis or by preventing viral DNA integration into host cell DNA.

5'- O- [Bis(4- methoxyphenyl) phenylmethyl] - thymidine 3'- (hydrogen phosphonate) ,compd. with N, N- diethylethanamine (1:1) is a novel monophosphate nucleoside that has been synthesized and evaluated in vitro as an anticancer agent. It inhibits the proliferation of various human tumor cell lines, including breast cancer cells. This compound is also active against HIV-1 virus but not against other viruses tested. 5'- O- [Bis(4- methoxyphenyl) phenylmethyl] - thymidine 3'- (hydrogen phosphonate) ,compd. with N, N- diethylethanamine (1:1), like other nucleosides, can be modified to suit particular needs and then used for therapeutic purposes.

2-Amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine (AMP) is a synthetic nucleoside analog. It has antiviral activity and is used for the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection. AMP inhibits viral DNA polymerase and prevents the synthesis of viral DNA and RNA. It has been modified to include a methoxy group at the 4 position, which provides additional stability against the enzyme ribonuclease. AMP is also an activator of ribonucleotide reductase and can be used as a substrate to synthesize deoxyribonucleosides, phosphoramidites, diphosphate, or monophosphate nucleotides for DNA synthesis.
AMP has CAS number 99844-02-7 and is available in high purity.

3',5'-Di-O-acetyl-5-fluoro-O4-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2'-O-methyluridine is a novel monophosphate nucleoside analog that is activated by T4 polynucleotide kinase. It is synthesized from the corresponding phosphoramidite and reacts with the 5'-OH group of a ribonucleoside to form a 3',5'-di-O-acetylribonucleoside. The diacetyl group confers increased stability to the molecule and also provides an acetyl group for incorporation into DNA. This compound has antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) in cell culture and has shown anticancer properties in animal studies.

4-Chloro-5-aminopyrimidine (4CAP) is an inhibitor of the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase, which is involved in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines. 4CAP has potent inhibitory activity with a Ki value of 0.06 μM, which is comparable to that of zebularine. 4CAP has also been shown to have antiinflammatory properties in lung tissue. The molecular modeling studies show that 4CAP binds to the hydroxyl group on the enzyme and prevents it from forming a covalent bond with its substrate. This causes a decrease in the rate of reaction time for the enzyme, resulting in decreased production of purines and pyrimidines.

Non-hydrolyzable AMP analog

5-Amino-1-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-ribofuranosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR) is a high purity novel nucleotide analog that has been shown to be an activator of AMPK. AICAR can act as a substitute for ATP, the molecule that drives cellular energy production. AICAR has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This compound also inhibits viral RNA replication by competitively binding to the enzyme polymerase, which is essential for viral replication.

2'-Deoxy-a-adenosine is a nucleoside that contains an adenine base. It has been studied for its biological properties, including its reaction with solution and its use as an antimicrobial agent. 2'-Deoxy-a-adenosine has been shown to inhibit the growth of bowel disease in mice by binding to the adenosine A3 receptor on the surface of cells. This nucleoside also binds to nuclear DNA and may be used as a pharmacological agent, but more research is needed to determine whether it would be effective against cancer cells. 2'-Deoxy-a-adenosine may also be useful as a potential drug target for the treatment of cancer due to its ability to bind with dna duplexes, which are found in all cancer cells.

Guanylyl-3',5'-guanosine ammonium salt is a novel antiviral agent that has high antiviral activity against influenza A virus. It is a guanine derivative which has been modified to include an aminopropyl group and an ammonium cation. This compound also acts as an activator for deoxyribonucleosides, nucleotides, and ribonucleosides. Guanylyl-3',5'-guanosine ammonium salt may be used in the manufacture of DNA, RNA, and phosphoramidites. This compound also has anticancer effects by inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells and inducing apoptosis.

A 5'-3’ “reverse” (or “inverse”) amidites