Prodotti naturali e sostanze fitochimiche per origine botanica

<p>Applications Typhaneoside is a flavonoid glycoside plant extract with potential ability to treat primary dysmenorrhea through the Shaofu Zhuyu decoction.<br>References Shulan S. et al.: Am. J. Chin. Med., 38, 777 (2010); Huang, X. et al.: J. Chrom. B. Anal. Tech. Biomed. Life Sci., 962, 75 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Quassin is a naturally occurring extract from quassia trees and is used in traditional chinese medicine for its antiulcerogenic properties. Quassin have also been used as an additive in soft drinks.<br>References Raji, Y., et al.: Afr. J. Trad. Comp. Alter. Med., 9, 112 (2012); Beutler, J.A., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 72, 503 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Ginsenoside F2 is a bioactive metabolite of the ginsenoside component of Panax ginseng with the ability to regulate element-binding protein cleavage activating protein and transforming growth factor-β pathways. This control over apoptosis can lead to a control over hair growth and hair loss in mammals.<br>References Shin, H. et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 37, 755 (2014); Shin, H. et al.: Eur. J. Pharm., 730, 82 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications β-D-Glucopyranosiduronic Acid Propyl Methyl Ester, 2,3,4-Triacetate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Propyl β-D-Glucuronide (P835275), a glucuronide of a short-chained aliphatic alcohol formed via glucuronidation in human liver microsomes in vitro.<br>References Moench, B., et al.: Carbohydrate. Res., 352, 186 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Anthragallol is the most active inhibitor against xanthine oxidase.<br>References Friedlander, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 261, 7123 (1986), Abrami, L., et al.: J. Cell Biol., 160, 295 (2003), Chopra, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 9402 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Praeruptorin B is a bioactive constituent of Peucedani Radix, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb used in the treatment of respiratory and pulmonary disorders.<br>References Song, Y. et al.: Rapid. Commun. Mass. Spect., 25, 719 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid, which is primarily sourced from natural oils and animal fats. It is a common component of palm oil and also found in butter, cheese, and meat. As a carboxylic acid, it consists of a 16-carbon chain and acts as a basic building block in higher lipids and glycerides.</p>

<p>Chlorophyll B is a photosynthetic pigment, which is a vital component in the photosystem of plants, algae, and some bacteria. It serves as an accessory pigment, specifically aiding in the absorption of light. Chlorophyll B is primarily derived from the thylakoid membranes within the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms.</p>

<p>Used in herbal products for gout, arthritis and inflammation; mutagen</p>

<p>Forsythoside I is a specialized phenylethanoid glycoside, which is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants like Forsythia suspensa and other related species. These compounds are primarily isolated from the roots and leaves of these plants, known for their rich bioactive compound content. Forsythoside I exhibits a complex mode of action, encompassing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It achieves this by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production, thereby modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways at a cellular level.</p>

<p>Corynoxine is an autophagy-enhancing compound, which is derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Uncaria rhynchophylla. As an oxindole alkaloid, it acts by modulating intracellular signaling pathways to promote autophagy, the cellular degradation and recycling process essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Corynoxine's mode of action involves the upregulation of autophagic flux, potentially through the inhibition of mTOR signaling, which is a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism.</p>

<p>Obtusifolin is a natural compound, which is a bioactive anthraquinone derivative extracted from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia, a plant known for its medicinal properties. With its unique molecular structure, Obtusifolin exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. These properties are primarily due to its ability to modulate various biochemical pathways, including the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species.</p>

<p>Evomonoside is a synthetic compound, which is chemically engineered to mimic certain naturally occurring bioactive molecules. It acts through a specific inhibitory mechanism targeting key enzymatic pathways within cellular processes, particularly those involved in metabolic regulation and signal transduction. The compound achieves its effects by binding to the active site of the target enzyme, thereby disrupting the normal function and leading to altered metabolic outputs.</p>

<p>1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione is commonly known as Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric. It is a natural product with a diverse range of biological activities. Curcumin is known for its antioxidant properties, which enable it to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. Furthermore, it exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting various molecules involved in the inflammatory pathway, such as NF-κB and COX-2 enzymes.</p>

<p>Tinnevellin glucoside is a natural glycoside, which is derived from the leaves of certain plant species, particularly those belonging to the Tinnevelly senna. This compound is well-characterized by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It acts primarily through modulating key inflammatory pathways, thus reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, which are involved in the inflammatory process.</p>

<p>Rapanone is a bioactive compound classified as a quinone, which is isolated from the Annona species, particularly from the plant family Annonaceae. This compound is known for its interaction with cellular respiration mechanisms, where it specifically acts as an inhibitor of mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, also known as complex I of the electron transport chain. The inhibition of complex I interferes with ATP production by disrupting the proton gradient required for ATP synthesis, leading to a depletion of energy within the cell.</p>

<p>Orcinol glucoside is a biochemical compound that is a glycoside, specifically a glucoside of orcinol. It is typically derived from natural sources such as lichens. The mode of action of orcinol glucoside involves enzymatic hydrolysis, where it can release orcinol under specific conditions, which is useful for various assays.</p>

<p>2,6-Diacetyl-7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyldibenzofuran-1,3(2H,9bH)-dione monosodium is a synthetic compound, classified as a dibenzofuran derivative. This type of product is often sourced through controlled organic synthesis in laboratory settings, adhering to specific reactions that form the complex dibenzofuran structure. With a detailed mechanism of action involving potential interaction with specific biological pathways, this compound may exhibit bioactivity indicative of therapeutic properties, although detailed mechanistic studies are essential to fully elucidate its mode of action.</p>

<p>Forsythoside H is a phenylethanoid glycoside, which is a secondary metabolite derived from natural plant sources, predominantly found in plants of the Forsythia genus. This compound exerts its effects primarily through its strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and scavenging of free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammation at a cellular level.</p>

<p>C-Veratroylglycol is a phenolic compound, which is a type of product derived from plant sources. It is specifically isolated from various plant species, where it contributes to the structural and defense mechanisms of the plant due to its phenolic nature. The mode of action involves its ability to engage in oxidation-reduction reactions and to bind with proteins and enzymes, affecting various biochemical pathways.</p>

<p>Mexoticin is a natural compound, which is an isolated flavonoid from plants known for its diverse biological activities. It exerts its effects primarily through modulation of key signaling pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. Mexoticin's mode of action involves inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and free radicals, contributing to its potential therapeutic properties.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Exostemin including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Erucic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid predominantly found in the seeds of specific plants, such as rapeseed and mustard. It is sourced from the oil extracted from these seeds, which are processed to yield this chemical compound. The mode of action of erucic acid is primarily related to its physicochemical properties, including its long carbon chain and unsaturation, which impact lipid metabolism and biological interactions.</p>

<p>Stictic acid is a secondary metabolite, which is derived from certain species of lichens, particularly those belonging to the genus *Sticta*. This compound is primarily isolated through extraction and purification processes from the lichen thalli. The mode of action of stictic acid involves its potential bioactivity as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent, which is attributed to its unique structural properties. The acid may interact with various biochemical pathways, influencing cellular defense mechanisms and microbial susceptibility.</p>

<p>5,5-Dimethylhydantoin is a chemical compound, often employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of various derivatives used for stabilization and antimicrobial purposes. It is primarily sourced from organic synthesis processes involving hydantoin derivatives. The mode of action of 5,5-Dimethylhydantoin involves its ability to act as a precursor in the formation of various halogenated compounds that effectively release active ingredients for antimicrobial and disinfection applications.</p>

<p>Specneuzhenide is a secoiridoid glycoside, which is a bioactive compound derived primarily from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum, commonly known as glossy privet. This compound is characterized by its unique structure, which includes a glycoside linkage that contributes to its biological efficacy.</p>

<p>Schumanniofioside A is a naturally occurring saponin, which is derived from the plant *Schumannia kamassi*. This saponin is characterized by its unique glycosidic structure, contributing to its bioactivity. Saponins, including Schumanniofioside A, are known for their ability to modulate various biological pathways. The mode of action of Schumanniofioside A involves disrupting cellular membranes and interacting with cholesterol, which can lead to modulation of immune responses and potential cytotoxic effects on certain cancer cells.</p>

<p>6’’-Malonate-complanatuside is a glycosylated flavonoid, which is a type of phytochemical often found in plants. This compound is derived from natural sources, particularly certain medicinal plants known for their therapeutic properties. Its mode of action primarily involves modulating various biochemical pathways, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, through its interaction with cellular targets and signaling cascades. By affecting these pathways, it demonstrates potential efficacy in scientific applications.</p>

<p>Dracorhodin is a bioactive natural compound, which is a type of anthocyanin derived from the resin of the Dragon's Blood tree, specifically from the genus Dracaena. This compound exhibits its effects through its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Dracorhodin functions by disrupting microbial cell integrity and scavenging free radicals, contributing to its protective and therapeutic potential.</p>

<p>Geraldone is a synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist, which is an engineered compound derived from synthetic chemical processes. It interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor, a type of nuclear receptor that regulates the expression of specific genes involved in modulating the immune response, as well as metabolic and developmental processes.</p>

<p>1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone is a naturally occurring phenolic compound, which is a type of phytoestrogen derived from plant sources, particularly noted for its presence in certain medicinal herbs. This compound exhibits estrogen-like activity, as it can bind to estrogen receptors and modulate estrogenic effects in the body. Its mode of action involves mimicking natural estrogens, making it a subject of interest for hormonal balance studies and therapeutic applications in cases where hormone replacement might be considered.</p>

<p>Iristectorigenin B is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which is a type of phytochemical compound found mainly in plants. This compound is isolated primarily from Iris species. Isoflavones like Iristectorigenin B are known for their role in plant development and defense mechanisms.</p>

<p>Amorphadiene is a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, which is a naturally occurring organic compound produced through the mevalonate pathway in plants, particularly in Artemisia annua. It is derived from the enzymatic cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate, mediated by amorphadiene synthase. This compound plays a pivotal role as a precursor molecule in the biosynthesis of artemisinin, an effective antimalarial agent.</p>

<p>Linderane is a bioactive compound, specifically a sesquiterpene lactone, which is extracted from the roots of plants belonging to the Lindera genus. The source of Linderane is primarily the roots of these plants, which are rich in diverse secondary metabolites. The mode of action of Linderane involves modulation of various cellular pathways, making it a potential agent in chemopreventive and therapeutic applications. Its mechanism is thought to interfere with cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis through the disruption of normal cellular processes and signaling pathways.</p>

<p>Cinerin I is a botanical insecticide, which is derived from the pyrethrum plant, specifically harvested from Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium. Its mode of action involves targeting the sodium channels in the nervous systems of insects, leading to paralysis and eventual death. The plant-derived origin of Cinerin I offers an environmentally favorable alternative to synthetic insecticides due to its rapid degradation in the environment, minimizing long-term ecological impact.</p>

<p>The natural product, Furcatin, is a disaccharide derivative and substrate of furcatin hydrolase. Furcatin hydrolase breaks down furcatin, producing p-allylphenol and the disaccharide acuminose.</p>

<p>L-Palmitoyl carnitine is a lipid-based compound, which is derived from the esterification of palmitic acid with carnitine. It is a naturally occurring derivative that plays a role in cellular lipid metabolism and energy production. The mode of action involves its integration into the mitochondrial membrane, where it facilitates the transport of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria. This is pivotal for beta-oxidation, the process through which fatty acids are broken down for energy production.</p>

<p>Lavendustin A is a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which is derived from marine sponge sources. It functions by specifically targeting and inhibiting the activity of tyrosine kinases, enzymes crucial for the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on protein substrates, thereby interfering with signaling pathways essential for various cellular processes.</p>

<p>Viniferol D is a potent antioxidant compound, which is derived from the seeds of Vitis vinifera, commonly known as grapes. This compound contains high levels of polyphenols, particularly proanthocyanidins, which are bioactive molecules with significant free radical scavenging abilities. The mode of action of Viniferol D involves its interaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS), effectively neutralizing these damaging molecules and thereby reducing oxidative stress within cellular environments.</p>

<p>Corylin is a natural compound, classified as a bioactive prenylated flavonoid, which is isolated from the seeds of the plant Psoralea corylifolia, commonly known in traditional medicine for its diverse therapeutic properties. This compound exhibits a multifaceted mode of action, primarily through the modulation of various cellular signaling pathways, including the inhibition of inflammatory mediators and the regulation of cell cycle processes. Its ability to interfere with these biological pathways underpins its potential therapeutic applications.</p>

<p>Gamabufotalin is a cardiotonic bufadienolide, which is a type of steroid compound. It is derived from the secretions of toads belonging to the Bufo genus, particularly the parotoid gland secretions. The mode of action of Gamabufotalin involves inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium levels, which facilitates increased cardiac contractility. Additionally, this compound has been found to induce apoptosis in cancer cells through pathways such as the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins and the activation of caspases.</p>

<p>Jasmolin I is a botanical insecticide derived from the pyrethrum plant, Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium. It acts primarily through neurotoxic mechanisms, targeting the sodium channels in the nervous systems of insects. The interaction prolongs the open state of the sodium channels, resulting in repetitive discharges and ultimately paralysis of the target pests.</p>

<p>Bakkenolide is a sesquiterpene lactone, which is a type of bioactive compound commonly found in certain plant species. It is primarily sourced from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, such as Petasites genus and Centipeda minima. These plants have been used for centuries in herbal medicine due to their therapeutic properties.</p>

<p>Evernic acid is a naturally occurring chemical compound, classified as a depside, which is sourced from various lichen species such as Evernia and Usnea. This compound is formed through the secondary metabolic processes of these symbiotic organisms, which consist of an intricate association between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. Evernic acid is prominent for its antimicrobial properties and functions by disrupting microbial cell membranes and interfering with metabolic processes.</p>

<p>Zerumbone is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene, which is primarily extracted from the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet, a species of wild ginger. As a phytochemical, it has garnered attention for its intriguing mode of action at the molecular level, involving the modulation of cellular signaling pathways. Zerumbone is known to interact with multiple targets, potentially through its reactive α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group, allowing it to form covalent bonds with nucleophilic sites on proteins. This interaction is crucial for its role in altering regulatory proteins involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and anti-neoplastic activities.</p>

<p>(S)-3-[4-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-methyl-benzyloxy)-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl]-piperidine-2,6-dione is a synthetic small molecule, employed primarily in pharmaceutical research. This compound is derived through a series of sophisticated organic synthesis processes, making it a valuable tool for medicinal chemists and pharmacologists looking to explore novel therapeutic pathways.</p>

<p>6-Methoxy-α-(5-vinyl-2-quinuclidinyl)-4-quinolinemethanol is an antimalarial agent, derived from synthetic processes aimed at enhancing the activity of quinoline-based compounds. This compound acts by interacting with the heme moieties in the parasitic digestive vacuole, disrupting the detoxification of heme products, which is essential for parasite survival. By interfering with this process, the compound effectively causes toxic heme accumulation, leading to the death of the Plasmodium species responsible for malaria.</p>

<p>Fungal metabolite; inhibits actin polymerisation</p>

<p>Xanthyletin is a naturally occurring coumarin, which is derived from plants, particularly those belonging to the Rutaceae family. It exhibits a range of biochemical interactions as its mode of action, including modulation of enzymatic activities and interference with cellular signaling pathways. Xanthyletin is notably studied for its antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties.</p>

<p>Phyllanthostatin A is a potent bioactive compound, which is a naturally occurring lignan derived from the Phyllanthus acuminatus plant. This species belongs to the Phyllanthaceae family and is known for its diverse array of secondary metabolites. The mode of action of Phyllanthostatin A involves the inhibition of cellular processes that are crucial for the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. It acts by interfering with specific biochemical pathways, which can lead to programmed cell death or apoptosis in malignancies.</p>

<p>R-Prunasin tetraacetate is a synthetic derivative of the cyanogenic glucoside prunasin. It is primarily sourced through chemical synthesis from prunasin, which is naturally found in certain plants like almonds and stone fruits. As a chemically modified compound, R-Prunasin tetraacetate facilitates the study of cyanogenic glucosides by offering a more stable form that is easier to handle under laboratory conditions.</p>

<p>Salvianolic acid C is a polyphenolic compound, which is primarily derived from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, a traditional medicinal plant. This bioactive compound is recognized for its robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Its mode of action involves the scavenging of free radicals and the inhibition of inflammatory mediators, which helps in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation at the cellular level.</p>

<p>Actein is a botanical compound, which is derived from the roots of the plant *Actaea racemosa*, commonly known as black cohosh. This compound is classified as a triterpene glycoside, a class of natural products known for their diverse biological activities. The mode of action of Actein involves modulation of various signaling pathways, including those related to inflammation and hormone regulation.</p>

<p>Myristic acid is a saturated fatty acid, which is typically obtained from the nutmeg seed, palm oil, coconut oil, and animal fats. Characterized by a 14-carbon chain, this fatty acid functions as a crucial building block in various biochemical processes. The mode of action of myristic acid includes serving as an intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism. It is incorporated into lipids and proteins, influencing their structure and function in biological membranes.</p>

<p>Senkyunolide H is a bioactive compound, which is a natural phthalide derivative extracted from Ligusticum chuanxiong, a plant widely utilized in traditional Chinese medicine. This type of product is noted for its presence in the rhizomes of the plant, often associated with its unique aromatic compounds that contribute to herbal formulations.</p>

<p>Lavendustin B is a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which is a synthetic compound originally derived from certain fungi. It functions by specifically targeting and inhibiting the activity of tyrosine kinases, enzymes that play critical roles in the signaling pathways regulating cell division, growth, and differentiation. This inhibition disrupts phosphorylation processes crucial for oncogenic signal transduction, providing a valuable tool for studying cellular mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis.</p>

<p>Zearalenone-4-glucopyranoside is a conjugated mycotoxin, which is derived from the mycotoxin zearalenone produced by certain Fusarium species of fungi. Its transformation into the glucopyranoside form involves the enzymatic attachment of a glucose molecule, primarily in plants or during metabolic processes. This modification alters the solubility and bioavailability of the original compound.</p>

<p>trans-Methyl vaccenate is a type of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which is a naturally occurring fatty acid isomer found in ruminant animal fats and dairy products. It is synthesized by the biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fats by microorganisms in the rumen of these animals.</p>

<p>Avocado oil - Quarantine is an innovatively engineered pest control product, which is derived from synthetic pheromones, specifically designed for managing quarantine environments. This product is synthesized from laboratory-developed pheromone compounds that mimic natural signaling processes utilized by insects. It functions through a mode of action that disrupts the normal behavior patterns of targeted pest species, thereby inhibiting their ability to locate mates and reproduce effectively.</p>

<p>Tubeimoside II is a saponin compound, which is a type of glycoside, derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Bolbostemma paniculatum. It exhibits its biological activity primarily through the modulation of cellular pathways, inducing apoptosis and autophagy in various cancer cell lines. Its effectiveness is attributed to its ability to disrupt mitochondrial function, leading to the release of cytochrome c and subsequent activation of caspase cascades.</p>

<p>Europine HCl is a synthetic alkaloid derivative, which is sourced from the modification of naturally occurring tropane alkaloids. This compound acts primarily as a competitive antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, thereby influencing cholinergic neurotransmission. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of acetylcholine binding, leading to reduced parasympathetic nervous system activity.</p>

<p>Anwuligan is a synthetic compound, which is structurally derived from laboratory synthesis processes. It is designed to target microbial cell mechanisms, presenting a potential for antimicrobial action. The compound interacts at the molecular level, possibly disrupting cell wall synthesis or interfering with essential enzyme pathways within microorganisms.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Halfordin including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Deoxyandrographolide is a diterpenoid compound, which is a phytochemical extracted from the plant Andrographis paniculata. With its biosource rooted in traditional Asian medicine, this plant has garnered attention for its bioactive constituents. Deoxyandrographolide acts through modulating various molecular pathways, such as inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production and oxidative stress, which contributes to its potential therapeutic roles.</p>

<p>Spiculisporic acid is a biosurfactant, which is a surface-active compound, produced by certain fungi, notably those from the genus Penicillium. It is derived from microbial fermentation processes, making it a natural and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic surfactants. Spiculisporic acid functions through the formation of micelles, which reduce surface and interfacial tension in aqueous solutions. This action enhances the solubility, emulsification, and dispersion of hydrophobic compounds in water, effectively altering interactions at liquid interfaces.</p>

<p>Astragaloside I is a bioactive saponin, which is a naturally occurring chemical compound found primarily in the roots of Astragalus membranaceus, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. This compound acts by interacting with various cellular and molecular pathways, demonstrating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Through these mechanisms, astragaloside I influences cell signaling and modulates the expression of genes associated with stress responses and metabolic processes.</p>

<p>Aloeresin is an extract from the Aloe plant, which is a botanical source known for its therapeutic properties. This product is derived specifically from the complex internal biochemistry of Aloe species, which have been studied for their rich phytochemical composition. These phytochemicals primarily include aloin and other anthraquinones, playing a significant role in its bioactivity.</p>

<p>Dehydrodiisoeugenol is a natural phenolic compound, which is primarily derived from the essential oil of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum). It is recognized for its antioxidative properties, which are attributed to its ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit oxidative stress pathways in biological systems.</p>

<p>Tribulus terrestris is a phytochemical supplement, which is an extract derived from the Tribulus terrestris plant, commonly found in warm temperate and tropical regions worldwide. The primary bioactive constituents in this product are steroidal saponins, predominantly protodioscin, which are believed to interact with the endocrine system.</p>

<p>R-Prunasin is a cyanogenic glycoside, which is a naturally occurring compound found in certain plants. It is primarily sourced from species within the Prunus genus, such as cherries and almonds. The mode of action of R-Prunasin involves its enzymatic hydrolysis by beta-glucosidase, leading to the release of hydrogen cyanide, benzaldehyde, and glucose. This reaction is a classical example of plant defense mechanisms against herbivores and pathogens.</p>

<p>Phyllanthus emblica extract is a natural bioactive compound derived from the fruit of the Phyllanthus emblica tree, commonly known as Indian gooseberry. This extract is obtained through careful processing of the fruit's pulp, which is rich in vitamin C, polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids. The antioxidant properties of Phyllanthus emblica extract are attributed primarily to these constituents. They scavenge free radicals and inhibit oxidative stress, contributing to potential protective effects against cell damage.</p>

<p>Archangelin is a naturally occurring compound, which is a bioactive agent derived from the plant Angelica archangelica. Its mode of action involves disrupting microbial cell membranes and inhibiting essential enzymes, leading to cell death. Archangelin's antimicrobial properties make it particularly effective against a variety of resistant bacterial and fungal strains.</p>

<p>Atractyloside sodium salt is a toxic glycoside, which is a natural product derived from certain plant species, such as *Atractylis gummifera*. The primary mode of action for atractyloside involves the inhibition of the mitochondrial ATP/ADP translocase. This translocase plays a crucial role in the exchange of ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane, a pivotal step in cellular energy metabolism. By inhibiting this exchange, atractyloside disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and, ultimately, cell death.</p>

<p>Caproic acid is a saturated fatty acid, which is naturally sourced from animal fats and some plant oils. With the chemical formula C6H12O2, it is also known as hexanoic acid. The compound is characterized by its distinctive, pungent odor reminiscent of goats, hence its alternate name derived from "capra," the Latin word for goat.</p>