Derivati delle Purine e Pirimidine

<p>Applications A Nicotinic acid (N429250) derivative for treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease.<br>References Hales, N.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 3853 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Iopamidol, a nonionic radiocontrast medium. Diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium).<br>References Drayer, B., et al.: Am. J. Neuroradiol., 3, 59 (1982); Molyneux, A.J., et al.: Br. J. Radiol., 55, 117 (1982); Sovak, M., et al.: Radiology, 142, 115 (1982); Felder, E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 115 (1988);<br></p>

<p>Applications Perfume composition.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hansen, B., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 772 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Methyluric Acid is a methylated derivative of uric acid that inhibits peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation, which has potential therapeutic application in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. 3-Methyluric Acid is also a known metabolite of Caffeine (C080100).<br>References Kean, R.B. et al.: J. Immunol., 165, 6511 (2000); Caubet, M.-S. et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 27, 261 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications Zolmitriptan is a serotonin 5HTID-receptor agonist and used to treat migraine (1,2,3).<br>References (1) Glen, R.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 3566 (1995)(2) Seaber, E., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 41, 141 (1996)(3) Tepper, S.J., et al.: Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 15, 254 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Allopurinol EP Impurity A / Allopurinol USP Related Compound A<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Amino-4-carbamoylpyrazole Hemisulfate (Allopurinol EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Allopurinol (A547300), a pyrazole derivative that has been shown to induce neoplasm immunogenicity.<br>References Nicolin, A. et al.: Cancer, Chemother. Rep., 57, 3 (1973); Bonmassar, E. et al.: Cancer Res., 35, 1957 (1975);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Memantine USP Related Compound B (3,5-Dimethyladamantane-1-ol)<br>Applications 3,5-Dimethyl-1-adamantanol is an impurity of Memantine (M218000). Memantine impurity B. Memantine USP Related Compound B (3,5-Dimethyladamantane-1-ol).<br>References England, P., et al.: Biochemistry, 43, 11623 (2004), Schousboe, A., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 500, 281 (2004), Horvat, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 3136 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications A xanthine derivative with bronchodilator activity. Typically combined as salt component with other medications such as Ambroxol to treat bronchial and pulmonary diseases.<br>References Kim, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 2131 (2002), Bruno-Blanch, L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 13, 2749 (2003), Foppoli, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 96, 1139(2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Temozolomide USP Related Compound B<br>Applications N'-Methyl-N,N-diphenylurea is used in the stabilization of thermal propellants. Temozolomide USP Related Compound B.<br>References Bohn, M. et al.: Prop. Exp. Pyro.,et al.: 19, 266 (1994); Muthurajan, H. et al.: J. Hazard. Mat., 133, 30 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A serotonin 5HT1-receptor agonist. Antimigraine.<br>References Humphrey, P.P.A., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 94, 1123 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications LY 338979 is a metabolite of the antifolate Pemetrexed (P219500).<br>References Woodland, J.M. et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 25, 693 (1997);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Methotrexate EP Impurity C; Methotrexate USP Related Compound C<br>Applications Methopterine (Methotrexate EP Impurity C) is a Folic acid (F680300) analogue. Methopterine is effective in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Methotrexate USP Related Compound C<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References McNamara, P., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 20, 302 (1992), Soldin, O., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 24, 1 (2002), Nicoli, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 41, 994 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-Tenofovir is an S-enatiomeric derivative of Tenofovir (T018500). (S)-Tenofovir displays virucidal activity against herpes, visna virus and retrovirus. The S enantiomer of Tenofovir (T018500) is less effective against HIV than their (R)-enantiomeric counterparts.<br>References Balzarini, J. et al: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 219, 337 (1996); Balzarini, J. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Ch., 37, 332 (1993); Thormar, H. et al.: Antimicorb. Agents. Ch., 37, 2540 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Sulbutiamine (isobutyryl thiamine disulfide) is a lipophilic derivative of thiamine used for the treatment of asthenia and other related pathological conditions. Sulbutiamine is available over-the-counter in several countries as a component of nutritional supplements.<br>References Micheau, J., et al.: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 23, 195 (1985), Bettendorff, L., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 40, 2557 (1990), van Reeth, O., et al.: Drugs Today, 35, 187 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Fluoroadenosine is a fluorinated analog of Adenoside (A280400) nucleotide.<br>References Long, X., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 781 (2010); Ham, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 607 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ondansetron is a specific serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist. Antiemetic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kris, M.G., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 6, 659 (1988); Faris, P..L., et al.: Lances, 355, 792 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Caffeine-13C3 is a labelled analogue of Caffeine (C080100), a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a stimulant drug and a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Caffeine is found in varying quantities in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants. In humans, caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. Caffeine is a cardiac and respiratory stimulant; diuretic. Caffeine is toxic at sufficiently high doses.A study at Johns Hopkins University indicates that caffeine can improve pattern separation memory.<br>References Zubair, U.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 71 (1986); Cherrah, Y., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 37, 1311 (1988);  Chem. and Eng. News p.34, Jan. 20, (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,2,2-Trichloro-acetic Acid is an acetic acid analogue used for the precipitation of macromolecules including proteins, DNA and RNA as well as for cosmetic treatments.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wiley D. et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 35m S210 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Naratriptan pyridinium Impurity<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Naratriptan (N378730) impurity.<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Phenyl-d5-alanine-2,3,3-d3 is an isotope labelled compound of L-Phenylalanine (P319415). L-Phenylalanine (Aspartame EP Impurity C) is an essential amino acid. L-Phenylalanine is biologically converted into L-tyrosine, another one of the DNA-encoded amino acids, which in turn is converted to L-DOPA and further converted into dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. L-Phenylalanine is produced for medical, feed, and nutritional applications such as in the preparation of Aspartame. Neuroprotective product.<br>References Hollunger, G. et al.: Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 34, 391 (1974); Bagchi, S.P. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 26, 900 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A Folic acid antagonist. Used as a antineoplastic and antirheumatic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Freeman, M.V., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 122, 154 (1958), Weinblass, M.E., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 818 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications It is a potent and selective inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase, the enzyme responsible for the NADPH-dependent reduction of 7,8-dihydrofolate to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate. Antibacterial.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br>References Manius, G.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 445 (1978), Roth, B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 379 (1980), Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 23, 405 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Oseltamivir EP Impurity D<br>Applications 4-Acetylamino-3-hydroxybenzoic Acid Ethyl Ester (Oseltamivir EP Impurity D) is an impurity in the antiviral drug Oseltamivir (O700100).<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tenofovir Monohydrate is an HIV-1 RT inhibitor and antiretroviral drug.<br>References Zhao, Z., et al.: Method for preparing medical salts and/or derivatives of tenofovir disoproxil, and their application for preventing and/or treating HBV and HIV/AIDS infections, CN 101574356 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Temperature sensitive<br>Applications 3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodo Thyrolactic Acid is a thyroid hormone analogue. A Thyroxine (T425600) analogue.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Horst, C., et al.: Biochem. J., 261, 945 (1989); Kvetny, J., et al.: Horm. Metab. Res., 24, 322 (1992); Yamauchi, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 274, 8460 (1999); Davis, P., et al.: J. Endocrinol. Invest., 25, 377 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications Chloromethyl Propyl Carbonate (cas# 35273-90-6) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Monapterin is the major pterin compound extracted from Escherichia coli (E.coli) and is used in its detection and identification.<br>References Sugimoto, T. et al.: Hetero., 54, 283 (2001); Ikawa, M. et al.: Phytochem., 38, 1229 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Applications Paraxanthine-d3, is the labeled analogue of Paraxanthine (P192500), an adenosine receptor ligand and a major metabolite of caffeine.<br>References Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 3260 (1981); Cell Mol. Neurobiol., 3, 69 (1983); Eur. J. Pharmacol., 179, 295 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Ondansetron (O655000).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bayliss, M., et al: Xenobiotica, 24, 231 (1994), Atkins, W., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 33258 (2002), De Graaf, I., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 1129 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Uric Acid is a heterocyclcic compound that is created when purine nucleotides are broken down of by the human body. High blood concetration of Uric Acid is known as hyperuricemia and is often associated with a wide range of disorders and medical conditions such as gout, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Uric acid may be a marker of oxidative stress and may have a potential therapeutic role as an antioxidant.<br>References Heinig, M. et al.: Cle. Clin. J. Med., 73, 1059 (2006); Glantzounis, G.K. et al.: Curr. Pharmac. Des., 11, 4145 (2005); Dehghan, A. et al.: Diab. Care, 31, 361 (2008); Nakagawa, T. et al.: Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 290, F625 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive, Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tenofovir Monoisoproxil Dimer Ammonium Sodium Salt is an impurity in the synthesis of Tenofovir disoproxil (T018505),an acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue; reverse transcriptase inhibitor.<br>References Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006), Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-[3-(Aminocarbonyl)-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid is an impurity of Febuxostat (F229000), an xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor used for the treatment of hyperuricemia and chronic gout.<br>References Kadivar, M.H., et al.: J. Pharma. Biomed. Anal., 56, 749 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture sensitive<br>Applications Chloromethyl Isopropyl Carbonate is an antiviral agent and a Tenofovir (T018500) intermediate. Tenofovir is an acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue and reverse transcriptase inhibitor used as an anti-HIV agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Mackman, R., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 5519 (2007), Baudy, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 771 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desmethoxypropyl Prucalopride is an impurity of Prucalopride (P838950), a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist used effective for chronic constipation, but is not currently approved in the U.S. Prucalopride is approved for the treatment of chronic constipation in Europe.<br>References Shah, N., et al.: Am. J. Gastroenterol., 103, 1746 (2008), McKinnell, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 5330 (2009), Shah, N., et al.: Am. J. Gastroenterol., 103, 1746 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Aspartyl-L-phenylalanine is an impurity of Thiamine (T344185). Thiamine Impurity B.<br>References Aluwihare, L., et al.: Science, 308, 1007 (2005), Koch, B., et al.: Anal. Chem., 79, 1758 (2007), Reemtsma, T., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 1430 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled specific serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist. Antiemetic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kris, M.G., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 6, 659 (1988), Faris, P..L., et al.: Lances, 355, 792 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Oxobutanoic Acid Methyl Ester is a chemical reagent used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. It participates in the Biginelli reaction, forming molecules including dihydropyrimidinones.<br>References Ranu, B. et al.: J. Org. Chem. 65, 6270 (2000); Lu, J. et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 41, 9075 (2000); Lu, J. et al.: Synlett., 1, 63 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Rizatriptan (Risatriptan) is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B/1D receptor agonist used in the study of migraine.</p>