Derivati delle Purine e Pirimidine

<p>Impurity Allopurinol EP Impurity A / Allopurinol USP Related Compound A<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Amino-4-carbamoylpyrazole Hemisulfate (Allopurinol EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Allopurinol (A547300), a pyrazole derivative that has been shown to induce neoplasm immunogenicity.<br>References Nicolin, A. et al.: Cancer, Chemother. Rep., 57, 3 (1973); Bonmassar, E. et al.: Cancer Res., 35, 1957 (1975);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tetrahydrobiopterin is a naturally occurring essential cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine , epinephrine, and is a cofactor for the production of nitric oxide by the nitric oxide synthases. Chemically, its structure is that of a reduced pteridine derivative.<br>References Levy, Harvey L., et al.: Lancet,  370, 504 (2007); Isojima, Yasushi., et al.: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA .,106, 15744 (2009); Burton, B. K., et al.: J. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 30, 700 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the production of Methotrexate<br>References Chiosis, G., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 10, 3555 (2002), Palanki, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 4279 (2007), Zav'yalov, S., et al.: Pharm. Chem. J., 42, 51 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Monapterin is the major pterin compound extracted from Escherichia coli (E.coli) and is used in its detection and identification.<br>References Sugimoto, T. et al.: Hetero., 54, 283 (2001); Ikawa, M. et al.: Phytochem., 38, 1229 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A Serotonin 5HTID-receptor agonist.<br>References Glen, R.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 3566 (1995), Seaber, E., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 41, 141 (1996), Tepper, S.J., et al.: Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 15, 254 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Methylpurine (cas# 2004-03-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A serotonin 5HT1-receptor agonist. Antimigraine.<br>References Humphrey, P.P.A., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 94, 1123 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications LY 338979 is a metabolite of the antifolate Pemetrexed (P219500).<br>References Woodland, J.M. et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 25, 693 (1997);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Methotrexate EP Impurity C; Methotrexate USP Related Compound C<br>Applications Methopterine (Methotrexate EP Impurity C) is a Folic acid (F680300) analogue. Methopterine is effective in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Methotrexate USP Related Compound C<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References McNamara, P., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 20, 302 (1992), Soldin, O., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 24, 1 (2002), Nicoli, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 41, 994 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-Tenofovir is an S-enatiomeric derivative of Tenofovir (T018500). (S)-Tenofovir displays virucidal activity against herpes, visna virus and retrovirus. The S enantiomer of Tenofovir (T018500) is less effective against HIV than their (R)-enantiomeric counterparts.<br>References Balzarini, J. et al: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 219, 337 (1996); Balzarini, J. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Ch., 37, 332 (1993); Thormar, H. et al.: Antimicorb. Agents. Ch., 37, 2540 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ondansetron is a specific serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist. Antiemetic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kris, M.G., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 6, 659 (1988); Faris, P..L., et al.: Lances, 355, 792 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Methotrexate EP Impurity D<br>Applications N10-Methyl Pteroic Acid (Methotrexate EP Impurity D) is a Methotrexate (M260675) impurity D.<br>References Cramer, S., et al.: Cancer Res. 1984, 44, 1843 (1984), Hendel, J., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 26, 103 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled analog of Xanthine (X499950), a substance that can be found in animal organs, yeast, patatoes, coffee beans, tea. Xanthine can be used to relax and widen certain breathing passages of the lungs. It is also found that a large number of derivatives that exhibits adenoside receptor antagonist properties.<br>References Mueller, C. et. al: Handbook Exp. Pharmacol. 200,151(2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Nitrotyrosine (N597000), which is excreted in the urine.<br>References van der Vliet, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 272, 7617 (1997), Tabrizi-Fard, M., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 429 (1999), Souza, J., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 380, 360 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Allopurinol.<br>References Marro, P., et al.: Brain Res., 650, 9 (1994), Abramov, A., et al.: J. Neurosci., 27, 1129 (2007), Day, R., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 46, 623 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Dihydro Caffeic Acid 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is a glucuronide metabolite of Caffeic Acid (C080000).<br>References Clifford, M., et al.: J .Agric. Food Chem., 53, 3821 (2005), Lafay, S., et al.: J. Nutr., 136, 1192 (2006), Poquet, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 36, 190 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications Caffeine-d3 (1-methyl-d3) (CAS# 26351-03-1) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Febuxostat n-butyl Isomer is an impurity of Febuxostat (F229000) which is a xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor.<br>References Osada, Y., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 241, 183 (1993); Okamoto, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 1848 (2003); Mayer, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Therap., 12, 22 (2005); Tomlinson, B., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 6, 1168 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-nitrosouracil is a useful building block for organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Caffeine-13C is carbon-13 labeled Caffeine (C080100). Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a stimulant drug and a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Caffeine is found in varying quantities in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants. In humans, caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. Caffeine is a cardiac and respiratory stimulant; diuretic. Caffeine is toxic at sufficiently high doses.A study at Johns Hopkins University indicates that caffeine can improve pattern separation memory.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zubair, U.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 71 (1986); Cherrah, Y., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 37, 1311 (1988);  Chem. and Eng. News p.34, Jan. 20, (2014)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications R-Methotrexate is an enantiomer of Methotrexate (M260675), a folic acid antagonist. Used as a antineoplastic and antirheumatic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Freeman, M.V., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 122, 154 (1958), Weinblass, M.E., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 818 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications A well-known, highly active stimulant of cell divisions in plant tissue cultures.<br>References D.S. Letham: Phytochemistry, 12, 2445 (1973)<br></p>

<p>Applications Acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue; reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Used as an anti-HIV agent. Antiviral.<br>References Shaw, J.-P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997), Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005), Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006), Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-[3-Carboxy-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic Acid is an impurity of Febuxostat (F229000), an xanthine oxidase/ xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor used for the treatment of hyperuricemia and chronic gout.<br>References Kadivar, M.H.,e t al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 56, 749 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate is a prodrug of Tenofovir (T018500), which is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat HIV and Hepatitis B. Antiviral.<br>References Shaw, J.-P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997), Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005), Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006), Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled analogue of Nicotinic Acid (N429250), also known as vitamin B3, is an essential nutrient that must be obtained from a dietary source in order for normal body function. The administration of Nicotinic Acid in animal models of ischemia was shown to significantly reduce the size of infarction and improve functional recovery. Current findings suggest that nicotinic acid may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of traumatic brain injury.<br>References Xu, P., et al.: Mech Age. Dev., 4, 287 (2010); Hoane, M.R., et al.: J. Neurotrauma, 20, 1189 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications Allopurinol-13C,15N2, is the labeled analogue of Allopurinol (A547300), acting as an Xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and used in treatment of hyperuricemia and chronic gout.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Benezra, S.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 1, (1978), Dalbeth, N., et al.: Rheumatology, 44, 1090 (2005), Dinarello, C., et al.: J. Exp. Med., 201, 1355 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Methotrexate Dimethylamide is an impurity of Methotrexate (M260675) which is a folic acid antagonist. Used as a antineoplastic and antirheumatic.<br>References Freeman, M.V., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 122, 154 (1958), Weinblass, M.E., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 818 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the preparation of Pemetrexed.<br></p>

<p>Applications Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor; decreases uric acid production. Used in treatment of hyperuricemia and chronic gout. Antiurolithic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Benezra, S.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 1, (1978); Dalbeth, N., et al.: Rheumatology, 44, 1090 (2005); Dinarello, C., et al.: J. Exp. Med., 201, 1355 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Metabolite of 6-Mercaptopurine, an immunosuppressive drug used to treat leukemia.<br>References Chou, C., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 75, 1601 (2008), Conejo-Garcia, A., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 43, 1742 (2008), Hawwa, A., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 66, 826 (2008), Askanase, A., et al.: J. Rheumatol., 36, 89 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Theophylline is a xanthine derivative with diuretic, cardiac stimulant and smooth muscle relaxant activities; isomeric with theobromine. Small amounts occur in tea. Bronchodilator.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Cohen, J.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 466 (1975), Svedmyr, K., et al.: Allergy, 37, 111 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Methotrexate-d3 Tetraglutamate is the isotope labelled analog of Methotrexate Tetraglutamate (M260730); a metabolite of Methotrexate (M260675) which is a folic acid antagonist, antineoplastic, and antirheumatic.<br>References Freeman, M.V., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 122, 154 (1958); Weinblass, M.E., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 818 (1985)<br></p>

<p>Applications Metabolite of Theophylline and Caffeine.<br>References Yu, Ch. et al.: J. Bacteriol. 191, 4624 (2009); Geraets, L. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol. 72, 902 (2006).<br></p>

<p>Applications Tryptamine is a monoamine alkaloid found in plants. Tryptamine is commonly used in the preparation of biologically active compounds such as neurotransmitters and psychedelics.<br>References Nichols, D. E., et al.: Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci., 36, 1(2018); Espinoza, S., et al.: Top. Med. Chem., 23, 175 (2017)<br></p>