Peptidi

This product is an RGD Peptide containing a Thioacetyl Group for Linking to Liposomes. It may require further derivatization and deprotection before use

Fluorogenic peptide substrate for flavivirus non-structural 3 (NS3) and non-structural 2B/3 (NS2B/3)- highly conserved serine proteases that performs several enzymatic functions critical for virus replication. The flaviviruses include: zika virus- west nile virus- dengue virus- yellow fever virus, and tick-borne encephalitis. Flaviviruses require proteolytic processing of polyprotein precursors to yield a functional viral particle. This processing is carried out by the two-component protease, consisting NS2B a small integral membrane protein, and NS3, a cytosolic protein. In its intact state this peptide is not fluorescent, however this substrate peptide is cleaved by NS3 or NS2B serine proteases in two successive steps to release Rhodamine 110. Upon rhodamine 110 fluorophore release fluorescence can then be detected. This peptide therefore allows for the quantification of NS3/ NS2B/3 serine protease activity. Rhodamine 110 is a widely used red fluorescent probe.

A truncated analog of Obestatin, a 23 amino acid gastrointestinal peptide, encoded for by the ghrelin gene and is known to reduce food intake through supressing appetite. This peptide has been found to influence the pancreas, cardiovascular system and adipose tissues as well as the gastrointestinal system. One study showed that when high-fat diet fed rats were given chronic administration of obestatin it prevented the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Consequently Obestatin has the potential to be used in preventing obesity-related diseases.

Mob-S-Mercaptoproprionic acid is a reagent that can be used to synthesize peptides. It is also a Building Block for the synthesis of other molecules. Mob-S-Mercaptoproprionic acid is hydrolyzed to form the corresponding carboxylate and mercaptoacyl amide, which can be used in peptide synthesis by condensation with an amino acid.

SynB3 is a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) with high efficacy at crossing the cell membrane with no significant toxicity. SynB3, like other CPPs, can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Although the mode of crossing remains unclear, synB3 has been conjugated to a few cargoes and shown to be adequately present in the brain. Synb3 provides promise for the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides as therapy for conditions such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The treatment of these conditions has been hampered by the lack of cargo delivery methods that can be tissue-specific and cross the BBB. SynB3 in mouse models was shown to be an effective method of delivering therapeutics across the BBB for SMA treatment.SynB3 is labelled at the N-terminus with an alkyne attachment for ease of reaction with an opposite Click reactive partner (azide). Azide-alkyne cycloaddition has become the most popular Click reaction. Alkyne-synB3 allows various applications, particularly for protein conjugation, modification, and drug delivery.

The SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 13 (NSP13) has been identified as a target for anti-viral therapeutics due to its highly conserved sequence and is essential for viral replication.  NSP13 is part of the helicase superfamily 1B. As an NTPase and RNA helicase, NSP13 binds to RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and acts in concert with the replication-transcription complex to stimulate backtracking and further activate NSP13 helicase activity. These factors make NSP13 a good target for developing new antiviral drugs. In addition, the identification of epitopes within the NSP13 sequence can help design more effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Models have predicted epitopes exhibiting antigenicity, stability and interactions with MHC class-I and class-II molecules. NSP13 (231-245) is an epitope candidate with various predicted HLA restrictions. This epitope can be used to better vaccine design for more durable CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses for long-lasting immunity.

Peptide derived from the HIV transactivator of transcription protein. TAT is a cationic cell-penetrating peptide.

The coronavirus (CoV) nucleoprotein is the major component of CoV structural proteins. Also known as the nucleocapsid protein, it is an abundant RNA-binding protein critical for viral genome packaging. These factors make nucleoprotein a good target for developing new antiviral drugs. In addition, the identification of epitopes within the nucleoprotein sequence can help design more effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Models have predicted epitopes exhibiting antigenicity, stability and interactions with MHC class-I and class-II molecules. Nucleoprotein (86-100) is an epitope candidate with various HLA restrictions. This epitope can be used to better vaccine design for more durable CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses for long-lasting immunity.

Galantide is a reversible and non-specific galanin receptor antagonist.  In vitro it dose dependently antagonizes galanin mediated inhibition of the glucose induced insulin secretion from mouse pancreatic islets.  In vivo intracerebroventricular injection of galanin inhibits sexual behavior in male rats without producing any other locomotor or behavioral deficit.  Galantide has been found to improve social memory in animal models.

[5-FAM]-Tyr-Ahx-SDKP-acid

KLHY-[AMC]

LL-37 is a member of the large cationic family of anti-microbial peptides called cathelicidins which have broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity and are expressed in many species. The only cathelicidin found in humans is LL-37, this is produced in epithelial cells, by proteolytic cleavage from the C-terminal of the hCAP-18 protein. LL-37 can be processed into different forms of anti-microbial peptides. As well as its anti-microbial properties LL-37 also regulates many aspects of the innate immune system and overexpression of LL-37 has been linked to autoimmune diseases such as asthma and psoriasis, making LL-37 the most studied form of the human cathelicidin peptides.More recently, studies have shown that LL-37 binds to SARS-CoV-2 S protein and inhibits binding to its receptor hACE2, which may inhibit viral entry into the cell. LL-37 is upregulated by vitamin D, therefore this may be one mode of action for the positive outcomes seen with vitamin D treatment for Covid-19.

Histone H3 (20-39)-Biotin is derived from Histone 3 (H3) which is one of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) fundamental in compacting eukaryotic DNA into the nucleosome. The nucleosome arises when 147 base pairs of DNA wrap around a H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers, forming the histone octamer core. Both H4 and H3 are highly conserved and perform roles in binding to segments of DNA which enter and leave the nucleosome and in chromatin formation. Similar to the other core histone, H3 has a globular domain and a flexible N-terminal domain, 'histone tail' which can undergo modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Due to histones containing a large number of lysine and arginine residues they have a positive net charge which interacts in an electrostatic manner with the negatively charged phosphate groups in DNA. The transcriptional activation or silencing of the chromatin is controlled by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling factors and histone modifying enzymes which target histone proteins. Both processes function to alter the positioning of the nucleosome, allowing the DNA it to be either available or inaccessible to the transcription machinery.Another modification process histones can undergo is biotinylation where the covalent attachment of a biotin molecule is catalysed by the enzyme Biotinidase. This cleaves biocytin to generate a biotinyl-thiester intermediate. The biotinyl can then be transferred onto the histone lysine ɛ-amino group which is covalently attached to Histone 3. Overall the biotinylation sites identified in histone 3 are: K4, K9 and K18. The presence of biotinylated histones have been detected in human cells such as lymphocytes and lymphomas.

Fz7-21 is a potent and selective peptide antagonist of Frizzled 7 (FZD 7) receptor which selectively binds to FZD7 cysteine rich domain (CRD) subclass at the cysteine rich region proximal to the lipid-binding groove. Binding alters the conformation of the CRD and the architecture of its lipid-binding groove and impairs Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Peptide Fz7-21 also shows cross-species binding to both the human and mouse FZD7 CRD.The FZD7 receptor is enriched in intestinal stem cells which express the LGR5 receptor and plays a critical role in the cells self-renewal. FZD7 is essential for maintaining human embryonic stem cells in their undifferentiated state and is therefore an attractive pharmacological target for diseases associated with stem cell dysfunction and cancer biology.FZD7 is also upregulated in subsets of colon, pancreatic and gastric tumours, therefore Fz7-21 serves as a pharmacological probe to explore further the function of FZD7 in stem cell and cancer biology.Peptide is labelled with an N-terminal 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM), a widely used green fluorescent tag.

Ovalbumin (OVA) is the primary protein in egg-white, and is involved in initiating food allergies and asthma. It is a highly immunogenic protein and can be used for peptide conjugation in the development of antibodies.Biotin-OVA (323-339) is a biotin labelled class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of OVA. The ovalbumin fragment is presented by the class I MHC molecule, H-2Kb.