Peptidi

Panx-1 mimetic inhibitory peptide that blocks pannexin-1 gap junctions. Inhibits P2X7-mediated dye uptake, ATP-mediated IL-1β release and caspase-1 activation without altering membrane current in macrophages. It can also block activation of NMDA receptor secondary currents.

SMAC/DIABLO -TAT (48-60)-[Lys] is a pro-apoptotic peptide that is derived from the mitochondrial protein known either as Second Mitochondria-Derived Activator of Caspases (Smac) or Direct IAP Binding Protein with low isoelectric point, pI (DIABLO). During apoptosis the mitochondria has increased permeability to Smac/DIABLO, which causes the protein to diffuse into the cytosol. Here, Smac/DIABLO adheres to Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and prevents them from binding to caspases, which in turn accentuates apoptosis.TAT (48-60) is present due to its properties as a cell penetrating cationic peptide (CPP). It derived from the N-terminus of the Tat protein, which is a trans-activator of the transcription protein present in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As a CPP, TAT (48-60) is able facilitate the delivery of the Beclin scrambled protein across the plasma membrane.This peptide has an additional lysine attached to the C-terminus of the TAT (48-60) sequence.

The biologically active C-terminal region of human Kisspeptin. Kisspeptin, is cleaved from a 145 amino acid precursor to a 54 amino acid peptide in humans and a 52 amino acid peptide in mice. Smaller isoforms of 14, 13 and 10 amino acids have also been isolated, each sharing the common C-terminal sequence. Kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) is the most potent member of the kisspeptin family and the plasma half-life of is approximately 6 fold shorter than KP-54. KP-10 is produced by the trophoblast cells in the first trimester of pregnancy and inhibits cell migration primary trophoblasts which is essential for placental invasion.Kisspeptin, a product of the KISS1 gene, is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) neurons and drives fertility. Kisspeptin binds specifically to the G-protein-coupled receptor-54, now known as Kiss1r, which is expressed in almost all GNRH neurons. Kiss1r is also expressed in other areas of the brain and periphery, highlighting other possible roles for kisspeptin outside of reproduction.

3CLpro are the key enzymes required by coronaviruses to replicate. They cleave polyproteins to form replicase. This makes 3CLpro a drug target for protease inhibitors with particular interest to COVID-19. For, example Paxlovid®- has been brought to market as a 3CLpro inhibitor that can be administered orally to reduce coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) hospitalisation. Aiming to expand on such advances, synthesis of more substrates for 3CLpro are being generated and tested for their ability to inhibit the protease activity and thus replication cycle of coronaviruses. This product is the natural substrate for 3CLpro, this makes it a useful tool as a control but also for structural manipulation to design inhibitors.

With the rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria like P. aeruginosa, the hunt for low toxicity inhibitors is paramount. A crucial part of their virulence/life cycle is cleavage of signal peptides. Type I signal peptides have a C-terminal hydrophilic domain containing a signal peptidase cleavage site commonly found in P. aeruginosa proteins that are cleaved by type I signal petidases (SPases). P. aeruginosa LasB, a type I signal peptide, is a crucial enzyme for bacterial invasion, it degrades elastin and thus aids tissue invasion, without cleavage by a SPase the protein is inactive. This peptide is an ideal candidate for enzymatic assay work in to SPase inhibitor investigations.Here we provide the substrate LasB sequence with the EDANS-Dabcyl donor quencher pair suitable for SPase inhibitor assays with FRET microscopy analysis. When this peptide is intact, fluorescence from the fluorophore (donor) EDAN is undetectable due to the proximity of the acceptor (quencher) Dabcyl. However, upon cleavage the fluorescence of the EDANS moiety, as measurably by excitation/emission 340/490nm, can be detected due to separation from the Dabcyl quencher.

Protease activated receptors (PARs) are a distinctive four-member family of seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) widely expressed in inflammatory cells. PARs are cleaved by certain serine proteases to expose a tethered ligand domain, this ligand domain then binds to and activates the receptors to initiate multiple signalling cascades. These PAR-activating proteases therefore represent PAR agonists. This PAR-4 agonist peptide represents the N-terminal sequence of the 'tethered ligand' and is therefore capable of activating the receptor independently of N-terminal proteolysis.

Melittin is a 26-residue peptide originally isolated from venom of the European honeybee. Melittin is a cationic, hemolytic peptide from honey bee venom. Melittin lowers the surface tension at the plasma membrane and causes cell lysis. Melittin exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Melittin has been extensively used as a model peptide for observing membrane lipid-protein interactions.

β-Amyloid 1-10 (Aβ1-10) is one of many short Aβ species found in vivo and is formed by the cleavage of amyloid β precursor protein by β- and α-secretase.-Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) has been identified as the key subunit of the extracellular plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS). Aβ has therefore been extensively studied as a potential target for treatment of AD.Aβ is formed from the cleavage of the large, transmembrane protein- APP (amyloid precursor protein). Cleavage of APP by β- and then α-secretases results in the formation of Aβ. Aβ can aggregate to produce amyloid-β oligomers, which are thought to be highly neurotoxic. Over time Aβ can further aggregate to produce the characteristic senile plaques present in AD and DS. Aβ can be degraded by enzymes such as neprilysin, insulin degrading enzyme or endothelin converting enzyme. At physiological levels Aβ may be involved in controlling synaptic activity and neuronal survival. Biotin is C-terminally linked to the peptide via ethylenediamine-for convenient detection and purification. Alternative β-Amyloid fragments and labels are also available, please refer to our peptide catalogue for availability.

Guanylin peptide hormone which is an activator of the transmembrane receptor Guanylate Cyclase C located on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells. It is sourced from Rat, Mouse species and contains disulfide bonds between Cys4-Cys12 and Cys7-Cys15.