Substrati enzimatici

<p>4-Nitrophenyl laurate is a chromogenic substrate for lipase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl laurate is used in different applications such as the Lipase activity screening, clinical diagnostics</p>

<p>1-Naphthyl beta-D-glucuronide (NPG) is a chromogenic enzyme substrate used to detect the presence of β-glucuronidase activity. Upon hydrolysis by the enzyme, it produces a yellow product that can be detected by spectrophotometry or visually. It is commonly used in clinical assays to detect the presence of the enzyme in urine samples, as elevated levels can indicate liver or urinary tract diseases. It is also utilized in environmental testing, as some bacteria strains can produce the enzyme as a by-product, making NPG a useful tool for detecting these strains in contaminated water or food sources.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-L-fucopyranoside (X-Fuc) is a chromogenic substrate specifically designed for the identification and detection of fucosidase enzyme activity. Upon cleavage by fucosidase, it generates a blue-colored 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-indole precipitate, which can be easily observed under a microscope or spectrophotometer. This feature makes X-Fuc an invaluable tool across various applications, such as biochemical analysis, histochemical staining, cell biology, and enzyme kinetic assays. By providing a fast, sensitive, and reliable readout for fucosidase activity, 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-L-fucopyranoside facilitates essential research in the understanding of biological processes and the development of therapeutic interventions.</p>

<p>alpha-N-Bz-L-Arg-aminoluciferin is a modified form of D-luciferin used as a luminescent enzyme substrate for protease.</p>

<p>Water soluble substrate for visualizing alkaline phosphatase activity. Produces a magenta colored insoluble end product that is detected visually, when used together with nitroblue tetrazolium. The substrate system is versatile and functions in a variety of applications, including Northern, Southern, and Western blotting, in situ hybridization, ELISAs and immunohistochemistry.</p>

<p>Naphthol AS-BI N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide is a fluorogenic substrate for the pararosaniline-glyoxalase (PG) reaction. This substrate is used to study enzymatic activity in two human isoenzymes of PG, PG I and PG II. The conversion of this substrate by PG I or PG II results in a color change from yellow to red. Naphthol AS-BI N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide may be used as an experimental tool to measure the activity of these enzymes and to study the effect of inhibitors on their activity. It can also be used as a marker for studying enzyme transfer between cells.</p>

<p>Naphthol AS-BI sulphate potassium salt is a modified naphtol AS substrate used for alkaline and acid phosphatase.</p>

<p>6-Bromo-2-naphthyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used for the detection of chitinase activity. Upon hydrolysis by chitinase, it releases a yellow-brown color, which is easily detected by spectrophotometry. This substrate has been used to study chitinases in various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and insects. It can also be used to quantitate chitinase activity in various biological samples.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside (4-MU-a-D-Man) is a fluorogenic substrate used in activity assays for alpha-mannosidase. When it is hydrolyzed by alpha-mannosidase, it produces a fluorescent compound, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU). 4-MU-a-D-Man is often used in medical research to monitor the activity of alpha-mannosidase, which is important in lysosomal storage diseases.  In addition, 4-Methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside has been used to study the the activity of concanavalin A, a lectin that specifically binds to alpha-D-mannopyranosyl and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues on various glycoproteins. The use of this fluorogenic enzyme substrate permits study the degree of alpha-D-mannosidic linkage cleavage by the enzyme.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl lignocerate is a fluorogenic substrate for lipase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl lignocerateas a substrate for measuring the lipase activity is used for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy diagnosis and peroxisomal disorder screening.</p>

<p>Aldol® 470 choline phosphate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of phosphatidyl-choline specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC, EC 3.1.4.3) activity. The colorless product is cleaved by PC-PLC positive microorganisms in liquid or solid media, yielding a yellow color and green fluorescence. Aldol® 470 choline phosphate therefore, enables the detection and identification of PC-PLC positive pathogenic bacteria, such as, Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, Legionella pneumophila, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, Listeria monocytogenes, and others. Aldol® 470 choline phosphate can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-glucosaminide is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-glucosaminideas a substrate for measuring the alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity is used for Sanfilippo syndrome B and Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB (MPS IIIB) diagnosis.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-3-acetate is a chromogenic substrate for carboxylesterase yielding a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage. Mainly used in histochemistry.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for α-galactosidase yielding a salmon-colored precipitate.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl dodecanoate is a fluorogenic substrate for lipase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl dodecanoateas a substrate for measuring the lipase activity is used for detecting pancreatic insufficiency in diagnosis assays as well as the screening of lipase deficiency.</p>

<p>Phosphatase substrate</p>

<p>Celluchrome (short name for remazol brilliant blue carboxymethyl cellulose or RBB-CMC) is a chromogenic substrate for cellulases. With a higher sensitivity, RBB-CMC allows for the detection of the enzyme activity even when small amounts are present.</p>

<p>PAIRED PRODUCT AVAILABLE: alpha-L-iduronidase Enzyme, FI1793834MU-alpha-L-iduronide-2-sulphate (M2) is a fluorogenic substrate of iduronate-2-sulphatase (IDS), used in a 2-step assay coupled with alpha-L-iduronidase. The assay is used in biochemical testing for Hunter syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis II / MPS II). In a first step, IDS from biological samples cleaves the sulphate group from M2. In a second step, exogeneous alpha-L-iduronidase which cleaves the 4-MU moiety is added to the reaction, resulting in release of a fluorescent signal (Ex 360 nm / Em 455 nm). The reaction is stopped by the addition of sodium carbonate.</p>

<p>Luc-coliforms Na is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in the diagnosis of bacterial contamination. It is a conjugate of the enzyme luciferase and the substrate coelenterazine, which are combined in a buffer solution. Luc-coliforms Na is used to detect bacteria by adding it to a culture broth or other growth media. The bacteria will emit light as they break down the luc-coliforms Na and produce ATP, which can then be measured with an appropriate detector. Luc-coliforms Na can also be used as a stain for gram-negative rods, such as coliforms, e.g., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, beta-Anomer is a chromogenic sugar that can be used as an indicator for the presence of 4-nitrophenol. It is a highly reactive compound that spontaneously reacts with nitrobenzene to form a dinitroaniline. This anomeric structure is easily oxidized by air and light to form the corresponding o-dinitroaniline. When this reaction occurs, this substance changes color from yellow to red.</p>

<p>2-Naphthyl-beta-D-glucuronide sodium salt is an enzyme substrate to detect beta-glucuronidase. The enzyme cleaves the glycosidic bond in 2-naphthyl-beta-D-glucuronide to release 2-naphtol and glucuronic acid. Beta-glucuronidase activity assays are important in many fields such as cancer research, as the enzyme is expressed in some tumors and its activity can be targeted for cancer therapy. The enzyme has also an important role in drug metabolism as it recognizes and binds to drug glucuronide conjugate (as 2-naphthyl-beta-D-glucuronide) facilitating its hydrolysis to release the active part. 2-Naphthyl-beta-D-glucuronide sodium salt has a higher solubility as it is in its salt form.</p>

<p>3-Indoxyl sulfate, potassium salt (3ISK) is a chemical compound that is soluble in water. It has been used as a marker for bowel disease, and it has been shown to react with analytical methods such as titration calorimetry and lc-ms/ms. 3ISK can be used to determine the optimum concentration for pharmacological treatment of bowel disease. The metabolic fate of 3ISK has been studied extensively and it is found that 3ISK is metabolized by microbial enzymes in the gut, which may lead to an increased incidence of bowel disease in patients with low levels of microbial metabolism. 3ISK also plays an important physiological function by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, which could have implications for pharmacological treatment of bowel disease.</p>

<p>4-MU-Gal-6S (M4A) is a fluorogenic substrate of galactose-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS), used for the diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis IV type A (MPS IV A). MPS IV, also known as Morquio syndrome, is a rare metabolic disorder in which the human body cannot process glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). MPS IV A is caused by the deficiency of the enzyme N-acetyl-galactosamine-6-sulfatase resulting in accumulation of keratan and chondroitin sulfate in tissues. M4A is used as the GALNS substrate in the anti-lysosomal enzyme antibody assay for the treatments of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) with enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs).</p>

<p>N-alpha-CBZ-L-Arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride is a high quality and highly purified substrate for enzymes that catalyze the release of light when they react with their specific substrates. It is used in a variety of applications, including diagnostics and food testing. NACBZLAMC hydrochloride is an excellent ligand for chemiluminescence reactions and can be used to detect the presence of various analytes. It can also be used as a staining agent to detect proteins on Western blots or to stain bacterial cultures for identification. This product has been shown to be effective against numerous bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as fungi like Candida albicans.</p>

<p>2-Naphthyl caprylate is a substrate that is employed in an assays for carboxylesterase and lipase and when hydrolyzed, produces 2-naphthol, a compound that can also be identified via fluorescence analysis. By combining it with a diazonium salt, the formation of the corresponding azo dye occurs. In particular, this substrate is used to detect the extracellular lipase of Pseudomonas fluorescens B52.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a chemiluminescent substrate that can be used in the detection of various enzymes. This product has been tested for sterility and purity, and it has passed all tests. It is also free of any detectable levels of heavy metals or other contaminants. 4NP2AG6S is a high quality bioluminescent substrate with CAS No. 71498-92-5. It is a fluorescent compound that reacts with an enzyme to produce light. The reaction can be detected by measuring the emitted light intensity at 680 nm (max).</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for cathepsin B or aminopeptidase III. Yields a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>Chromogenic α-maltosidase substrate yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for β-D-galactosidase, yielding a blue precipitate upon cleavage.</p>

<p>2-O-(4-Nitrophenyl)-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid sodium salt is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the enzymatic activity of neuraminidase or sialidase. After cleavage, the nitrophenyl moiety is released exhibiting a light yellowish color. 2-O-(4-Nitrophenyl)-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid sodium salt is used in bacterial neuraminidase activity assays.</p>

<p>DL-threo-2-methylisocitrate sodium salt is an enzyme substrate for isocitrate lyase 1 (ICL1), an enzyme involved in the glyoxylate cycle, a metabolic pathway that allows organisms to convert acetate into glucose. It is also a substrate for bovine heart aconitase and acts as inhibitor of TPN-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indoxyl nonanoate is a fluorescent substrate that is used in the detection of beta-galactosidase activity. It has been used to detect the enzyme levels in various culture media and as a high quality, food testing, and environmental testing. The product is also used as a ligand for enzyme inhibition studies. 6-Chloro-3-indoxyl nonanoate has shown to be an excellent fluoroquinolone substrate for chemiluminescence assays. This product is CAS No. 133950-72-8 and is of high purity and high quality.</p>

<p>Aldol® 518 alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of alpha-D-glucosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by alpha-D-glucosidase, generating red fluorescent signal and in some conditions, an orange colour in the visible spectrum can get formed, staining bacterial colonies in faint orange coloration. Aldol® 518 alpha-D-glucopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for β-D-galactosidase, yielding a blue precipitate upon cleavage.</p>

<p>A non-metabolizable allolactose analogue, widely used in molecular biology for overexpression of recombinant proteins from inducible systems under the control of lac promoter. IPTG binds to the LacI repressor and causes its release from the lac operator, allowing gene expression to take place. Present in vectors of pGEX, pGEM-T, pET, pRSET, pMAL class and others.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate targeting alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase</p>

<p>Resorufin N-acetyl-b-D-glucosamine is fluorogenic substrate for N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG).</p>

<p>Aldol® 484 acetate is a chromogenic substrate for carboxylesterases yielding a red precipitate. In contrast to classical indoxyl substrates, Aldol® substrates can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>Dehydroluciferin is a bioluminescence probe that is a potent inhibitor of the firefly luciferase reaction. It is a byproduct of the oxidation of luciferin, the substrate for firefly luciferase, which catalyzes the bioluminescence reaction. It can also form during the synthesis or storage of luciferin. Its presence can potentially lead to issues in bioluminescent assays.</p>

<p>Substrate for a-L-arabinopyranosidase</p>

<p>This Clips-O substrate 7-((4'-L-Alaninamido)-rac-3'-hydroxybutyloxy) coumarin allows the detection of single and dual enzymatic activity (L-alanine aminopetidase and oxidation of 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyloxy spacer either enzymatically or by exposure to sodium periodate) with a single substrate resulting in a fluorescent signal. The main virtues of Clips-O substrates are an increased stability towards non-enzymatic hydrolysis that results in a reduced background and high sensitivity.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl a-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic pNP enzyme substrate that enables the detection and quantification of a-D-mannosidase activity in various biological samples through a colorimetric assay. The hydrolysis of the substrate by the enzyme releases 4-nitrophenol, a yellow compound whose absorption can be measured spectrophotometrically. Applications for this substrate span biomedical research, disease diagnostics, and industrial enzyme production.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-deoxy-2-sulfamino-a-D-glucopyranoside sodium salt (M3A or MU-GlcNS) is a fluorogenic substrate of heparin sulfamidase, used in the diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis III type A (MPS III A). MPS III A, also known as Sanfilippo syndrome type A, is caused by the deficiency of heparan N-sulfatase. Heparin sulfamidase in the assay desulfates MU-GlcNS to 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside (MU-GlcNH2). To release fluorometrically measurable 4-methylumbelliferone (MU) and by-product glucosamine, MU-GlcNH2 is further hydrolysed by an enzyme such as yeast α-glucosidase during a second incubation.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for fucosyltransferases</p>

<p>Chromogenic β-Glucosaminidase substrate yielding a yellow absorbent solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase</p>

<p>For use in bacterial detection</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for esterase yielding a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>Beta-naphthyl stearate is a chromogenic substrate for measuring enzymatic activity.</p>