ELK Promotion

SMAD2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD2 gene. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. SMAD2 mediates the signal of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and thus regulates multiple cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. This protein is recruited to the TGF-beta receptors through its interaction with the SMAD anchor for receptor activation (SARA) protein.

Akt, is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that plays a key role in multiple cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, transcription and cell migration. Akt1 is involved in cellular survival pathways, by inhibiting apoptotic processes. Akt1 is also able to induce protein synthesis pathways, and is therefore a key signaling protein in the cellular pathways that lead to skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and general tissue growth.

Cyclin B1 is a regulatory protein involved in mitosis. The gene product complexes with p34 (Cdk1) to form the maturation-promoting factor (MPF). Two alternative transcripts have been found, a constitutively expressed transcript and a cell cycle-regulated transcript that is expressed predominantly during G2/M phase of the cell cycle.

Cyclin D is a member of the cyclin protein family that is involved in regulating cell cycle progression. The synthesis of cyclin D is initiated during G1 and drives the G1/S phase transition.

The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is a general transcription factor that binds specifically to a DNA sequence called the TATA box. This DNA sequence is found about 30 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site in some eukaryotic gene promoters.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STAT5B gene. STAT5B orthologs have been identified in most placentals for which complete genome data are available.

c-Jun is a member of the Jun Family containing c-Jun, JunB and JunD, and is a component of the transcription factor AP-1 (activator protein-1).

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STAT5A gene.Stat5a and Stat5b are independently regulated and activated in various cell types. For instance, interferon treatment predominantly activates Stat5a in U-937 cells and Stat5b in HeLa cells.

TNF-α, the prototypical member of the TNF protein superfamily, is a homotrimeric type-II membrane protein. It can cause cytolysis of certain tumor cell lines; it is involved in the induction of cachexia; it is a potent pyrogen, causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of  interlerukin-1 secretion; it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation under certain conditions..

Elongation factor 1-alpha 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EEF1A2 gene. This gene encodes an isoform of the alpha subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome.

The S100 proteins are a family of low-molecular-weight proteins found in vertebrates and characterized by two calcium-binding sites that have helix-loop-helix ("EF-hand type") conformation.

Despite their relatively small size (8-12 kDa) and uncomplicated architecture, S100 proteins regulate a variety of cellular processes such as cell growth and motility, cell cycle progression, transcription, and differentiation.

Estrogen receptors are a group of proteins found inside cells. Estrogen receptor α (ERα), a member of the steroid receptor superfamily, contains highly conserved DNA binding and ligand binding domains.

Flotillins belong to a family of lipid raft-associated integral membrane proteins that carry a evolutionarily conserved domain called the prohibitin homology domain. May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes, functionally participating in formation of caveolae or caveolae-like vesicles.

Bcl-xL prevents apoptosis through two different mechanisms: heterodimerization with an apoptotic protein inhibits its apoptotic effect and formation of mitochondrial outer membrane pores help maintain a normal membrane state under stressful conditions.

Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, also known as NFE2L2 or Nrf2, is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the NFE2L2 gene. Small amounts of constitutive nuclear NRF2 maintain cellular homeostasis through regulation of basal expression of antioxidant response genes.

Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 2, neuronal is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACCN2 gene.

Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAI1 gene.It is a member of the adhesion-GPCR family of receptors.

Bestrophins were first found by genetic linkage of human-Bestrophin-1 (hBest1) to a juvenile form of macular degeneration called Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD). Forms calcium-sensitive chloride channels.

Bombesin receptor 2 (BB2) is a member of a family of receptors that binds the 14 amino acid peptide, bombesin.