Carboidratos e Glicoconjugados

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-O-(p-Nitrophenyl)-α-D-N-acetylneuraminic Acid, Sodium Salt, X Hydrate (cas# 123549-14-4 ) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Streptidine, is a metabolite derivative of Streptomycin (S687500), an antibiotic (antimycobacterial) drug, used for patients suffering from tuberculosis or other infectious diseases.<br>References Granados, O., et al.: Histology and Histopathology, 20(2), 357 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications GENZ-123346 potently controls hyperglycemia in obese rodent models of insulin resistance.<br>References Wennekes, T., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 689 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications cis-Aconitic Acid is the cis-isomer of Aconitic Acid. The conjugate base of cis-Aconitic Acid is an intermediate in the isomerization of citrate and isocitrate in the citric acid cycle.<br>References Suarez, M., et al.: Food. Nutri. Sci., 3, 705 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications A biotin derivative used in the novel enantioselective syntheses of (+)-Biotin.<br>References Robinson, A.E.., et al.: J. Pharma. Pharmacol., 16, 342 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Applications Stevioside is a glycoside from the stevia plant. Stevioside is a natural sweetening agent with sweetness about 250 times that of sugar with negligible effect on blood glucose. Stevioside, much like other steviol glycoside is known for its application in treatment of many diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure. It is also used as a food additive.<br>References Mishra, P. et al.: Glob. J. Biotechnol. Biochem., 5, 62 (2010); Gregersen, S. et al.: Metab. Clin. Exp., 53, 73 (2004); Chan, P. et al.: Life Sci., 63, 1679 (1998); Heerranz-Lopez, M. et al.: Agro Food Ind. Hi-Tech, 21, 38 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications It has carcinostatic activity.<br>References Reynolds, T.M., et al.: Advan. Food. Res., 14, 167 (1965), Szent-Gyorgyi, L.G., et al.: Science, 155, 539 (1967),<br></p>

<p>Applications N,N-Dimethyldecylamine is a useful synthetic intermediate. It can be used to prepare emodin (E523000) quaternary ammonium salt derivatives as potential anticancer agents It is also a reactant used to synthesize Benzyldecyldimethylammonium chloride (B234550), a biocide.<br>References Wang, W., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 56, 320 (2012); Qiu, B., et al.: Zhongguo Yaowu Huaxue Zazhi, 20, 353 (2010); Shao, J., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 56, 308 (2012); Lee, M., et al.: Appl. Micro. Biotech., 87, 1109 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications Biotin (B389040) impurity.<br>References Trotter, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 5, 713 (1966), Suurkuusk, J., et al.: Eur. J.Biochem., 28, 438 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Applications Maltodextrin is an oligosaccharide that is derived from starch. Maltodextrin is commonly used as a food additive and in the production of candies and sodas.<br>References Yoon, S.H., et al.: Carb. Res., 341, 210 (2006); Muslin, E.H., et al: J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem., 61, 142 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications A monosaccharide (hexose) that can be used as a low-calorie sweetener, as an intermediate for synthesis of other optically active compounds, and as an additive in detergent, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulation.<br>References Oh, D. et al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotech., 76, 76, 1 (2007); Lu, Y. et al.: Int. J. Cosm. Sci., 24, 225 (2002); Donner, T.W. et al.: Diab. Obes. Metab., 1, 285 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isomalt is a sugar alcohol and artificial sweetener.<br>References Martinez-Cervera, S. et al.: Food Hydro., 35, 1 (2014); Ilic, I. et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 446, 6 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled derivative of ISP-1 (myriocin), a fungal metabolite of the Chinese herb Iscaria sinclarii as well as a structural analogue of Sphingosine. It is a novel immune modulator that prolongs allograft transplant survival in numberour models by inhibiting lymphocyte emigration from lymphoid organs. Reported to be phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to FTY720-P, which has been shown to potently stimulate GTPgS binding activity in S1P-transfected CHO cells (EC50 = 210 pM, 4.9 nM, 4.3 nM, and 1 nM for S1P1, S1P3, S1P4 and S1P5, respectively).<br>References Brinkmann, V., et al.: Transplantation, 72, 764 (2001), Brinkmann, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 24, 21453 (2002), Mtaloubian, M., et al.: Nature, 427, 355 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Used in the synthesis of N-(D-galacturonoyl) amino acids and dipeptides.<br>References Klaus, U., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 3514 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Salicin is an anti-inflammatory agent produced by the bark of a willow tree. Analgesic.<br>References Schmid, B. et al.: Eur J Pharmacol., 57, 387 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications Fingolimod is a novel immune modulator that prolongs allograft transplant survival in numerous models by inhibiting lymphocyte emigration from lymphoid organs.<br>References Brinkmann, V., et al.: Transplantation, 72, 764 (2001), Brinkmann, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 24, 21453 (2002), Mtaloubian, M., et al.: Nature, 427, 355 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Naturally occurring (-)-form is a major biosynthetic precursor of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan and hence of the majority of plant alkaloids. It is also involved in the biosynthesis of lignin, flavonpids and other important aromatic compounds.<br>References Evans, I.A., et al.: Nature, 250, 348 (1974), Harborne, J.B., et al.: Biosynthesis, 6, 40 (1980),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications Lactose-3’-sulfate (cas# 159358-51-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Propyl β-D-Glucuronide is a glucuronide of a short-chained aliphatic alcohol formed via glucuronidation in human liver microsomes in vitro.<br>References Jurowich, S. et al.: Alcohol, 32, 187 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications Lauramine Oxide, is an frequently-used amine oxide surfactant. It is strongly hydrophilic , and it forms normal micelles and normal liquid crystalline phases.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kocherbitov, v., et al.: J. Molec. Struct.: Theochem., 808, 111 (2007); Kocherbitov, v., et al.: J. Phys. Chem. B., 110 (27), 13649 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(2-Methoxyphenoxy) Lactic Acid is a metabolite of the Guaifenesin (G810500), a centrally acting muscle relaxant with expectorant properties.<br>References D.G. Workmann et. al. Curr. Ther. Res. 41 1751 (1980).<br></p>

<p>Stability Store in Freezer<br>Applications 2’-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (cas# 10256-24-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Erdosteine Impurity RV 142<br>Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of Erdosteine (E596050).Erdosteine is a mucolytic agent used for the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis.<br>References Gobetti, M., et al.: Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica, 41, 69 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric Acid 1,2-Diethyl Ester is an ethyl citrate found in lemon juice.<br>References Neurath, G. et al.: Zeitsch. Lebens.-Untersuch. Forsch., 136, 284 (1968);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Studied for anti-tumor effects.<br>References Suzuki, K., et al.: Carbohydrate Research, 151, 403 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications p-Nitrophenyl 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-β-_x000D_D-glucopyranoside (cas# 57467-13-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Xylobiose is a disaccharide that can reduce the blood sugar and blood fat and inhibit the fat accumulation of diet-induced obese rats.<br>References Chen, H., et al.: Shipin Kexue, 35, 255 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications α-D-Galactose is the alpha anomer of D-Galactose (G155250), the C-4 epimer of Glucose (G595000). D-Galactose is found in milk and sugar beets as well as being synthesized by the body.<br>References De Smet, E. et al.: Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 24, 2938 (2009); Kivele, R. et al.: Carb. Pol., 85, 645 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Biotin Sulfone, is derivative of Biotin (B389040), which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell, and plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Psicose is a C3 epimer of L-Fructose, which maintains the ability to reduce fat accumulation when added to a diet through inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase.<br>References Matsuo, T. et al.: J. Clin. Biochem. Nutri., 45, 202 (2009); Matsuo, T. et al.: J. Clin. Biochem. Nutri., 30, 55 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Rebaudioside C is a steviol glycoside used as a nutritive sweetener and may be used as a replacement for sugar in foods and beverages. Useful in the treatment of blood glucose sensitive diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity.<br>References Jooken, E. et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 60, 10606 (2012); Hellfritsch, C. et al.: J. Agr. Food. Chem., 60, 6782 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,3-Diethyl ester 2-[3-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-hexahydro-2-oxo-1,3-bis(phenylmethyl)-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]propyl] Propanedioic acid is an impurity of Biotin (B389040) which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Mannitol is widespread in plants and plant exudates; obtained from manna and seaweeds. D-Mannitol is used in the food industry as anticaking and free-flow agent, flavoring agent, lubricant and release agent, stabilizer and thickener and nutritive sweetener.<br>References Pigman, W., et al.: The Carbohydrates, 249 (1957), Makkee, M., et al.: Chem. Commun., 930 (1980),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-(-)-Tartaric Acid the synthetic enantiomer of L-(+)-Tartaric Acid (T007630), used in the preparation of synthetic analgesics.<br>References Van Bever, W. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 17, 1047 (1974);<br></p>

<p>Stability Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of Shikimic Acid.<br>References Lauhon, C.T. and Bartlett, P.A.: Biochemistry, 33, 14100 (1994), Balasubramanian, S., et al.: Biochemistry, 34, 341 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications Xylitol, is a lower-calorie alternative to table sugar. Studies have shown xylitol chewing gum can help prevent acute otitis media. Xylitol is categorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a food additive.<br>References Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, US., FDA (2012); Azarparzhooh, A., et al.,: Cochrane data. Sys. Revi. (online) (11), (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Store in freezer<br>Applications Prepared by acetolysis of chitin. Studies have shown this compound to have anti tumor effects.<br>References Barker, S.A., et al.: J. Chem. Soc., 2218 (1958); Suzuki, K., et al.: Carbohydrate Research, 151, 403 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications rac FTY720 is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modular, ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibition of T cell infiltration.<br>References Igarashi, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 32363 (2000), Bandhuvula, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 33697 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected Guaifenesin.<br>References Petrow, V., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 12, 37 (1960),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-Methylumbelliferyl ?-L-Idopyranosiduronic Acid 2-Sulfate Disodium Salt is a fluorogenic substrate in the assay of ?-L-Iduronidase. A fluorimetric enzyme assay for the diagnosis of MPS II (Hunter disease).<br>References Matalon, R., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 47, 959 (1972), Voznyi, Y.V., et al.: J. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 24, 675 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications Valiolamine is a aminocyclitol that exhibits potent alpha-D-glucosidase inhibitory activity against porcine intestinal sucrase, maltase and isomaltase.<br>References Kameda, Y., et al.: J. Antibiot., 11, 1301 (1984); Horii, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 1038 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Applications Antitumor effect potentiator and antitumor agent.<br>References Chelbova, et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 19, 1785 (1970), Collins, J., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 28, 235 (1980), Hoff, P., et al.: Anticancer Drugs, 9, 479 (1998), Backus, H., et al.: Oncol. Res., 12, 231(2000), Peters, G., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 19, 4267 (2001).<br></p>

<p>Applications A low-calorie artificial sweetener<br>References Agresti, C., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 70, 226 (2008), Kidd, M., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 295, G260 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Immunostimulant used in patients with cell-mediated immunodepression.<br>References Gu, C., et al.: Pharm. Res., 25, 979 (2008), Fliri, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 8038 (2009), Giagulli, C., et al.: Int. Immunopharmacol., 9, 1366 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications An alkylated dipeptide reported to be 6000 to 10000 times sweeter than sucrose; structurally related to Aspartame. A non-nutritive sweetener.<br>References Ranney, R., et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 2, 441 (1976), Padden, B.E., et al.: Anal. Chem., 71, 3325 (1999), Arai, H., et al.: Metabolism, 56, 115 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Biotin EP Impurity D<br>Applications Biotin (B389040) impurity. Biotin EP Impurity D.<br>References Trotter, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 5, 713 (1966), Suurkuusk, J., et al.: Eur. J.Biochem., 28, 438 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Sucrose Heptasulfate Potassium Salt is used as a reference standard for the drug Sucralfate.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Acarbose EP Impurity A<br>Applications Acarbose D-Fructose (Acarbose EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Acarbose (A123500) (1,2,3,4). Acarbose impurity A.<br>References (1) Kim, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 22108 (1992) (2) Tonozuka, T., et al.: Carbohydr. Res., 261, 157 (1994) (3) Brzozowski, A., et al.: Biochemistry, 36, 10837 (1997) (4) Cha, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 253, 251 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A novel membrane-permeant allosteric effector of hemoglobin (Hb), enhances the regulated oxygen release capacity of red blood cells, thus counteracting the effects of hypoxia in diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular ailments.<br>References Duarte,C.D. et al.: Chembiochem., 11, 2543 (2010); Biolo, A. et al.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 106, 1926 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Lactulose is a synthetic, non-digestible sugar used in the treatment of chronic constipation; laxative.<br>References Voskuijl, W. et al.: Gut, 53, 1590 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric Acid Monohydrate is a useful buffer component for antigen and epitope unmasking.<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Gluconic Acid is used as a reagent in the synthesis of Pangamic Acid (P179500, Ca Salt); a mineral supplement that is sometimes referred to as Vitamin B15 although it is not a true vitamin.<br>References Mansurova, I.D. et al.: Eks. Patol. Pech., 1, 58 (1973); Apanasenko, A.A.: Cor Vasa, 15, 20 (1973); Alkhanova, N.A.: Nauch. Tru. Kaz. Gosud. Med. Inst., 41, 83 (1974)<br></p>

<p>Applications Useful for the synthesis of Biocytin containing peptides to study the mechanism of reactions catalyzed by biotin - containing enzymes.<br>References Bodanszky, M., and Fagan, D.T.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 235 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Applications Lewis X and related compounds bind to the selectins and act as anti-inflammatory agents.<br>References Lasky, L.A.: Science, 258, 964 (1992), Mulligan, M.S., et al.: Nature, 364, 149 (1993), Mulligan, M.S., et al.: J. Exp. Med., 178, 623 (1993), Travis, J.: Science, 260, 906 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Bromohexine. Ambroxol Hydrochloride is a bronchosecretolytic drug.<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch., 13, 474 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ambroxol EP Impurity D<br>Applications cis-Ambroxol is the cis-isomeric impurity of Ambroxol (A575905). cis-Ambroxol is a metabolite Bromhexine (B678600). Ambroxol EP Impurity D<br>References Liu, J. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 51, 1134 (2010); Schmid, J.: J. Chrom. Biomed. Appl., 414, 65 (1987);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Provisionally listed for use in food, drugs and cosmetics. Sunset Yellow is useful in fermented foods which must be heat treated. It may be found in orange sodas, orange jelly, marzipan, Swiss rolls, apricot jam, citrus marmalade, lemon curd, sweets, hot chocolate mix and packet soups, trifle mix, breadcrumbs, snack chips, shelf fresh noodles, cheese sauce mixes. Sunset Yellow is a sulfonated version of Sudan I, a possible carcinogen. Sunset Yellow itself may be responsible for causing an allergic reaction in people with an aspirin intolerance, resulting in various symptoms, including gastric upset, diarrhea, vomiting, nettle rash (urticaria), swelling of the skin (angioedema) and migraines. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing<br>References Radomski, J.L., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 136, 259 (1962), Gaunt, I.F., et al.: Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 5, 747 (1967),<br></p>

<p>Stability Air Sensitive, Hygroscopic<br>Applications The active metabolite of Erdosteine (E596050).<br>References Dechant, K., et al.: Drugs, 52, 875 (1996), Braga, P., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 49, 344 (1999), Braga, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 1013 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Mannose is a carbohydrate that is important in the glycosylation of molecules in a variety of cellular processes. It is involved in N and O glycosylation of bovine why protein products, used in infant formulas. It is also responsible for the O-glycosylation of the T helper cell-derived cytokine interlukin-17A, an important cell-signaling molecule.<br>References van Leeuwen, S. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 12553 (2012); Geoghegan, K. et al.: Prot. Express. Purif., 87, 27 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Lactulose is a synthetic, non-digestible sugar used in the treatment of chronic constipation; laxative.<br>References Voskuijl, W. et al.: Gut, 53, 1590 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications A biotin derivative used in the novel enantioselective syntheses of (+)-Biotin.<br>References Robinson, A.E.., et al.: J. Pharma. Pharmacol., 16, 342 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Deoxynojirimycin inhibits mammalian glucosidase 1. As well, it inhibits intestinal and lysosmal alpha-glucosidases, beta-glucosidase from sweet almonds, pancreatic alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase.<br>References Eur. J. Biochem., 142, 85-90 (1984), Crit. Rev. Biochem., 16, 21-48 (1984), Biochem. Biochem. Acta. , 825, 95 (1985), Suhm, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 21671 (1992)<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric acid-2,4-13C2 is an isotopic analog of citric acid (C521000), a component of the Krebs cycle.<br></p>

<p>Applications Regulation of N-glycolylneuraminic acid biosynthesis in rat and mouse liver.<br>References Malykh, Y., et al.: Biochimie, 83, 623 (2001), Angata, T., et al.: Chem. Rev., 102, 439 (2002), Soh, N., et al.: Anal. Sci., 18, 1159 (2002), Taylor, P., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 38, 328 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Aspartame EP Impurity A/ Aspartame USP Related Compound A<br>Applications (2S,5S)-5-Benzyl-3,6-dioxo-2-piperazineacetic Acid (Aspartame EP Impurity A) is the diketopiperazine impurity of the sweetening agent Aspartame (A790015). It is also found in in processed cocoa powder.<br>References Ciranni Signoretti, E. et al.: Boll. Chim. Farmac., 122, 289 (1983); Prudel, M. et al.: Nahrung, 29, 381 (1985); Bonvehi, J.S. et al.: Eur. Food. Res. Technol., 210, 189 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications p-Nitrophenyl 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-α-_x000D_D-glucopyranoside (cas# 184377-56-8) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications A sulfhydryl reactive biotinylaton reagent.<br>References Carlsson, J., et al.: Biochem. J., 173, 723 (1978), Ghebrehiwet, B., et al.: J. Immunol. Methods, 110, 251 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled 2-Oleoylglycerol (O528020). A metabolite of 2-acylglycerol used as biomarker.<br>References Owen, M., et al.: Biochem. J., 323, 17 (1997), Waterman, I., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 43, 1555 (2002), Chon, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 282, 33346 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Is a safe plant polysaccharide with a variety of uses in the food and chemical medical industry. It is a functional food, providing functional groups for beneficial bacteria, as well as improving properties of food such as texture, hydration and shelf-life. They are also used for vaccine and drug delivery via soluble storage.<br>References Corradini, C. et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 405, 4591 (2013); Kumar, S. et al.: Mol. Pharm., 10, 1845 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ambroxol EP Impurity C Hydrochloride<br>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications trans-4-[[(2-Amino-3,5-dibromophenyl)methylene]amino]cyclohexanol is an impurity of Ambroxol (A575900), a bronchosecretolytic drug and the metabolite of Bromhexine (B678600). Ambroxol EP Impurity C<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch., 13, 474 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled dipeptide ester about 160 times sweeter than sucrose in aqueous solution. A non-nutritive sweetener.<br>References Cloninger, B., et al.: Science, 170, 81 (1970), Oppermann, et al.: J. Nutr., 103, 1454 (1973),<br></p>

<p>Applications Impurity of β-cyclodextrin (C987830), a cyclic oligosaccharide produced from starch via enzymatic conversion.<br>References Johnson, M.D., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 83, 1142 (1994); Jain, A.C., et al.: Int. J. Pharma., 212, 177 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Plerixafor is a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilizer that inhibits the CXCR4 chemokine receptor and blocks binding of its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1-α (SDF-1-α). This agent was approved on Dec. 15, 2008, as treatment in combination with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize HSCs to the peripheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM). Selective CXCR4 antagonist.<br>References Xie, T., et al.: Science, 290, 328 (2000), Leone, D., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 305, 1150 (2003), Chigaev, A., et al.: J. Immunol. 178, 6828 (2007), Kiel, M., et al.: Cell Stem Cell, 1, 204 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Glucono-1,4-lactone was a metabolite studied in mice tissue with induced chronic stress.<br>References Hamiliton, P. J., et al.: Sci. Rep., 10, 18134 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Butyldeoxynojirimycin Hydrochloride-d9 is labelled N-Butyldeoxynojirimycin Hydrochloride (B691000) which is an inhibitor of a-glucosidase 1 as well as being an inhibitor of HIV cytopathicity.<br>References Hettkamp, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 142, 85 (1984), Szumilo, T., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 247, 261 (1986), Fleet, G.W.J., et al.: FEBS Letters, 237, Number 1,2, 128 (1988), Kolter, T., et al.: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 36, 1955 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Diosmin EP Impurity E<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Linarine (Diosmin EP Impurity E) is a naturally occurring flavone glycoside that was identified to possess potential sedative and anticonvulsant properties.<br>References Nugroho, A., et al.: Arch. Pharma. Res., 36, 51 (2013); Jung, H.A., et al.: Arch. Pharma. Res., 35, 1021 (2012); Shen, H.J., et al.: J. Med. Plants. Res., 5, 6555 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Thiophanium is an impurity of Biotin (B389040) which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>