Toxicología

<p>Applications Istradefylline is a selective A(2A) antagonist used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Dungo, R. et al.: Drugs., 73, 875 (2013); Stoessel, A. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 4580 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (N525775), which is the N-nitroso analogue of diphenylamine that was once used as a rubber additive but is no longer due to undesirable carcinogenic effects (1). N-Nitrosodiphenylamine may have potential carcinogenic activity and is currently classified as a probable carcinogen by EPA with genetic toxicity (2,3).Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br>References 1. Boyland, D. et al.: Eur. J. Cancer. 1968. May;4(2):233-2342. Iversen, O. et al.: Eur. J. Cancer. 1980 May;16(5):695-8.3. McGregor, D. et al.: Mutat. Res. Rev. Gen. Toxicol. 1994 Jun:317(3):195-211<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Clopidogrel, an antithrombotic.<br>References Mills, D.C.B., et al.: Arterioscler. Thromb., 12, 430 (1992), Feuerstein, G., et al.: Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 4, 425 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-Enantiomer of Bicalutamide. Used as an antiandrogen, antineoplastic (hormonal).<br>References Tucker, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 31, 954 (1988), Cockshott, I.D., et al.: Eur. Urol., 18, Suppl. 3, 10 (1990), Cockshott, I., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharm., 36, 339 (1993), McKillop, D., et al.: Xenobiotica, 25, 623 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications Trinexapac-d5, is the labeled analogue of Trinexapac (T886315), a plant growth regulator that studies have shown to have the enzymic activity of histone lysine demethylases and histone modifications during the neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation<br>References Vavilala, D. et al.: Toxicology Reports, Vol.1, P: 1152-1161 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled 2-Toluidine (T536205) is a carcinogenic and toxic aromatic amine and is a potential bladder cancer risk, surmised from urine assessment and analysis (1). It is contained in hair dye, henna and dyed hair samples (2,3). Possible mutagen (4). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. El-Bayoumy, K. et al.: Cancer Res. 1986 Dec;46(12 Pt 1):6064-7.2. Turesky R. et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2003 Sep;16(9):1162-73.3. Andrew, A. et al.: Int. J. Cancer. 2004 Apr 20;109(4):581-6.4. Kirkland, D. et al.: Mutat. Res. 2005 Dec 30;588(2):88-105.<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyprylon is a sedative/hypnotic drug used for treating insomnia.<br>References Reinke, L. A., et al.: Res. Commun. Chem. Path., 11, 45 (1975); Lomen, P., et al.: J. Int. Med. Res., 4, 55 (1976)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,4'-Dichlorobenzophenone is used in the synthesis of triarylcarbinol analogs of fenarimol as potent inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi. It can also be used to prepare fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors.<br>References Keenan, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 55, 4189 (2012); Roughley, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 22, 901 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Dopamine D2-receptor antagonist with anticholinesterase activity. Gastroprokinetic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Iwanaga, Y., et al; Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 56, 261 (1991), Mushiroda, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1231 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,8-Naphthoic Anhydride is used in the synthesis of napthalimide analogues as anticancer agents.<br>References Verma, M. et al.: Eur, J, Med. Chem., 68 (2013); Quintana-E,. et al.: Bioorg, Med. Chem., 21, 6484 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Chlorthiamid<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid Sodium Salt is a bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.<br>References Ollila, F., et al.: Langmuir, 17, 7107 (2001), Uekama, K., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 52, 900 (2004), Tongiani, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 94, 2380 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Spermidine is a biogenic polyamine formed from putrescine. Spermidine is a precursor of Spermine. Spermidine is essential for both normal and neoplastic tissue growth.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Abraham, A.K., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 106, 257 (1980), Mach, M., et al.: Biochem. J., 202, 153 (1982), Thyss, A., et al.: Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol., 18, 611 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications Quinclorac is a disubstituted quinolinecarboxylic acid that is part of a new class of highly selective auxin herbicides. Quinclorac is used in rice to control dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds, particularly barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Quinclorac is also used for weed control in turfgrasses.<br>References Haden, E. et al.: Proc. Br. Corp. Prot. Conf. Weeds, 1, 77 (1985); Chism, W.J. et al.: Weed Sci., 39, 62 (1991); Grossmann, K. et al.: Weed Sci., 46, 707 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled tricyclic antidepressant that is a more potent inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter than the serotonin transporter.<br>References Checkley, S.A, et al.: Br. J. Psychiatry, 138. 248 (1981), Zhu, M.Y., et al.: J. Neurochem., 70, 1547 (1998), Okugawa, G., et al.: J. Neuroindocrinol., 11, 887 (1999), Torres, G.E., et al.: Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 4, 13 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Loxoprofen-d3, is the labeled analogue of Loxoprofen (L472905), which is non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has been effective in reducing atherosclerosis in mice by reducing inflammation.<br>References Masahide H. et al.: J Clin Biochem Nutr., 47, 138 (2010); Noguchi, M. et al.: Biolog. Pharmac. Bull., 28, 2075 (2005); Hyun, J. et al.: Arch. Pharm. Res., 24, 541 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications Acetoacetyl-CoA is a derivative of CoA (C636400). In the mevalonate pathway, Acetoacetyl-CoA is a precursor of HMG-CoA (H456365), and a precursor of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate.<br>References Okamura, E., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 107, 11265 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications A natural product with significant antitumor activities.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sah, N., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 20593 (2003), Lu, D., et al.: J. Int. Med. Res., 32, 488 (2004), Yunmbam, M., et al.: Oncol. Rep., 11, 833 (2004), Shao, S., et al.: Cell Biol. Int., 32, 893 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-(6-Chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N’-cyano-acetamidine is an Acetamipride-Metabolite. It also performs insecticidal and neuroblocking activities in animals.<br>References Kiriyama, K., et al.: J. Pest. Sci., 28, 17 (2003); Gbylik-S., et al.: J. Chromatogr. B: Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 990, 132 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cefdaloxime is an orally administered cephalosporin that has activity against Haemophilus influenzae, a bacteria that causes meningitis in humans. Cefdaloxime is also the active metabolite of HR916K, a cephalosporin ester.<br>References Jones, R. &amp; Erwin, M.: Diag. Micro. Infect. Dis., 15, 693 (1992); Jones, R. &amp; Erwin, M.: J. Clin. Micro., 30, 1297 (1992); Käyhty, R., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 147, 1100 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A cell-permeable DNA-binding dye. Binds preferentially to DNA rich in adenine and thymine. Used in flow cytometry for measuring nuclear DNA content or for sorting isolated chromosomes.<br>References Jpeeesen, C, and Nielsen, P.E.: Eur. J. Biochem., 182, 437 (1989), Li,J., et al.: J. Exp. Biol., 200, 1499 (1997), Zaitsev, E.N., and Kowalczykowsi, S.C.: Nucl. Acids Res., 26(2), 650 (1998), Germ, M., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 261, 452 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Naloxone-d5 3-β-D-Glucuronide is a labelled metabolite of Naloxone ((N285000). Narcotic antagonist.<br>References Scheurer, U., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 252, 1324 (1990), Yuan, C., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 59, 469 (1996), Ulens, C., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 62, 1273 (2001), Comert, M., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 511, 183 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Telmisartan-d4 is deuterium labelled Telmisartan (T017000). Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.<br>References Wienen, W. et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 110, 245 (1993); Neutel, J.M. et al: Adv. Therap., 15, 206 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Stability Unstable in Solution<br>Applications A psychotropic benzodiazepine derivative with hypnotic and anxiolytic properties. Controlled Substance.<br>References Sethy, V.H. et al.: Naun.-Schmeid. Atch. Pharmacol., 301, 157 (1978); Moore, S. et al.: Curr. Therap. Res., 29, 704 (1981); Gutierrez, S.F. et al.: Cien. Pharmac., 5, 37 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Applications Hexaflumuron is an benzoylphenylurea based chitin synthesis inhibitor used against Ephestia figulilella.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sun, C.X., et al.: Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 89, 868 (2012); Khajepour, S., et al.: J. Insect. Sci., 12, 102 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications DL-Lauroylcarnitine Chloride is a permeation enhancer that has been used to enhance the intestinal absorption of salmon calcitonin.<br>References Welling, S.H., et. al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 86, 544 (2014); Song, K., et. al.: J. Control Release, 106, 298 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications O-Desethyl Dapagliflozin is derivative of antidiabetic drug Dapagliflozin (D185370), which is sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.<br>References Kasichayanula, S., et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011); Xu, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 57, 1236 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-Permethrin is the trans isomer of Permethrin (P288500) which is a common synthetic pyrethoid insecticide with low mammalian toxicity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Itaya, N., et al.: ACS Sym. Ser., 42, 45 (1977); Elliott, M., et al.: Nature, 246, 169 (1973);<br></p>

<p>Applications Sitagliptin is a trizolopyrazine dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor. Sitagliptin has recently been approved for the therapy of type II diabetes.<br>References Kim, D., et al.: J. Med. Chem. 48, 141 (2005), Ahren, B., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 521 164 (2005), Bergman, A., et al: Clin. Ther. 28, 55 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Chlorophenylacetic Acid is a chlorinated phenyl acetic acid that is an antitumor differentiation inducer and may be an effective therapeutic agent in neuroblastoma therapy. 4-Chlorophenylacetic Acid shows plant growth-regulating activity.<br>References Chamberlain, V.K. et al.: Ann. Appl. Biol., 69, 65 (1971); Cai, G. et al.: Sheng. Wu. Xue., 15, 661 (1999); Pineau, T. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 659 (1996); Sidell, N. et al.: Br. J. Cancer, 412 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride EP Impurity B<br>Applications Tetracycline is a compound that has been shown to induce apoptosis in various cells. Tetracycline was a useful compound to study drug resistance of pathogens of infections in patients with severe liver disease.<br>References Yao, L., et al.: Zhongguo Linchuang Yanjiu, 29, 1510 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications Racemic Colchicine.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled analogue of Cloxacillin, an antibiotic that belongs to the group of the isoxazolylpenicillins. Cloxacillin is used to treat infections caused by species of staphylococci that produce beta-lactamase due to its inhibitory effects on beta-lactamase binding.<br>References Gibbs, D.L. et al.: Curr. Microbiol., 2, 239 (1979); Dmitrova, D. et al.: Farmat., 48, 28 (2001); Craven, N. et al.: Res. Vet. Sci., 29, 57 (1980);<br></p>

<p>Applications Mandestrobin is a novel fungicide having a methoxyacetamid structure. Mandestrobin also shows safer profiles for human health and the environment.<br>References Hirotomi, D., &amp; Kiguchi, S.: PCT Int. Appl., WO 2017026526 A1 20170216 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications Atazanavir-d6 is the isotope labelled analog of Atazanavir (A790051); an azapeptide HIV protease inhibitor. Atazanavir has also been investigated as potential treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and for anticancer purposes.<br>References Musial, B.L., et al.: Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., 61, 1365 (2004); Wood, R., et al.: J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 36, 684 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-Quinic Acid γ-Lactone is an intermediate in the synthesis of 4-O-(E)-Feruloylquinic Acid (F308985). 4-O-(E)-Feruloylquinic Acid is a phenolic acid with potential antioxidant and antifungal activities. Secondary metabolite in the coffee brewing process.<br>References Matei, M. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 12105 (2012); Dokli, I. et al.: Tetrahedron Asymm., 24, 785 (2013)<br></p>