Ácidos y reactivos sintéticos

<p>Applications Dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine) Palladium (II) is used primarily in organometallic catalytic reactions due to the palladium content of the compound. It is also involved in crystalized structures of metallacyclic complexes which show antiinflammatory and antifungal properties.<br>References Paul, P. et al.: J. Organometal. Chem., 724, 281 (2013); Pandiarajan, D. et al.: J. Organometal. Chem., 708-709, 18, (2012); Shhaheen, F. et al.: J. Organometal. Chem., 693, 315 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Cyclopropylacetylene is used in a variety of chemical reactions in organic syntheses. Used in the synthesis of BACE1 inhibitors used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. It is also used in cycloaddition reactions and the synthesis of fluoromethylsydnones.<br>References Xu, Y. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 3075 (2013); Foster, R. et al.: J. Org. Chem., 78, 4049 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications An inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases; the (-)-cis form induces apoptosis in certain tumor cells.<br>References Senderowicz, A.M., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 16, 2986 (1998), Thomas, J.P., et al.: Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 50, 465 (2002), Raju, U., et al.: Cancer Res., 63, 3263 (2003), Pumfery, A., et al.: Curr. Pharm. Des., 12, 1949 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Chloro-4-fluorobenzoic Acid s a useful synthetic intermediate. It can be used to prepare aryl aminopyrazole benzamides as oral non-steroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists. It can also be used to synthesize (4,4-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-1-benzazepin-5-ylidene)acetamide derivatives as arginine vasopressin V2 receptor agonists.<br>References Barnett, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 158 (2009); Tsukamoto, I., et al.: Bioog. Med. Chem., 16, 9524 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Methoxy-4-pyrimidinamine is used in the synthesis of carbamothiolacrylamides as selective EP2 antagonists in the treatment of neurodegenerative peripheral diseases. Also used in the preparation of PARP-1 inhibitors.<br>References Ganesh, T. et al.: ACS Med. Chem. Lett., 4, 616 (2013); Rhee, H. et al.: Bioorg, Med. Chem., 17, 7537 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl 8-Chloro-8-oxooctanoate is used as a reagent in the synthesis of β-cyclodextrin-6-deoxy-6-NHC(O)(CH2)6C(O)NHOH which is a β-cyclodextrin-capped histone deacetylase inhibitor that may have potential for use in treatment of cancers and inflammatory diseases. It is also used in one synthetic route for tubacin which is a known anticancer agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Amin, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 3346 (2013); Hong, J., et al.: Lett. Org. Chem., 7, 50 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-nitrophenol is a potentially powerful uncoupler of ATP-generating oxidative phosphorylation that has been reported to be a contaminant in submarines and indoor spaces, causing a number of objects to turn yellow (even human skin).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ball, J., et al.: Science, 272, 101 (1996); Rivera-Nevares, J., et al.: Env. Toxicol. Chem., 14, 251 (1995); Rothweiler, H., et al.: Atm. Env. B: Urb. Atm., 25, 231 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Amino-2-methylene-1,3,3-trimethylindoline (cas# 6872-05-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Volatile<br>Applications rac 1,2-Diaminopropane is used as model precursor in the electron induced deposition of amorphous carbon nitride films. It is also used to synthesize cage peroxide, 1,6-diaza-3,4,8,9-tetraoxa-11-methylbicyclo[4.4.2]dodecane.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wnuk, J., et al.: J. Phys. Chem., 113, 12345 (2009); Edward, J., et al.: Can. J. Chem., 77, 1057 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Silver Carbonate is used in organic synthesis in the Koenigs-knorr glycosylation reaction. It is also known as Fetizon's reagent acting as an oxidising agent on celite forming lactones form diols.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Fetizon, M., et al.: J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., 19, 1118 (1969);<br></p>

<p>Stability Unstable in Solution<br>Applications 2-Pyrimidineacetic acid is a reagent that is used in the preparation of pyrimidine derivatives for treating and or preventing sexual dysfunction.<br>References Huang, Z., Faming Zhuanli Shenqing, 2012:400114<br></p>

<p>Applications Potassium Iodide is used primarily used in the treatment of radiation poisoning due to environmental contamination by iodine-131.<br>References Wolff, J. et al.: Pharmacol. Rec., 50, 89 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications Benzenesulfonyl Chloride is used in the synthesis of cecloprotoberberine derivatives as antitumor agents.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Li, Y. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 68, 463 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ixabepilone is an anti-tumor agent used in the treatment of patients suffering from solid tumors, such as metastatic breast cancer.<br>References Duska, L. et al.: Gynecol. Oncol., 135, 44 (2014); Deeken, J. et al.: Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 73, 1071 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Plerixafor, it is a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilizer that inhibits the CXCR4 chemokine receptor and blocks binding of its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1-α (SDF-1-α). This agent was approved on Dec. 15, 2008, as treatment in combination with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize HSCs to the peripheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM).<br>References Xie, T., et al.: Science, 290, 328 (2000), Leone, D., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 305, 1150 (2003), Chigaev, A., et al.: J. Immunol. 178, 6828 (2007), Kiel, M., et al.: Cell Stem Cell, 1, 204 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Chloro-3-iodopropane is used as reagent in the synthesis of several organic compounds including that of (-)-Terengganensine A which is a complex heptacyclic monoterpene indole alkaloid. Also used in the synthesis of A-366 which is a potent inhibitor of histone methyltransferase G9a.<br>References Piemontesi, C., et al.: Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 55, 6556 (2016); Sweis, R., et al.: ACS Med. Chem. Lett., 5, 205 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Bromotripyrrolidinophosphonium Hexafluorophosphate is a peptide coupling reagent that has been used in the synthesis of rostate tumor specific peptide-peptoid hybrid prodrugs.<br>References Li, S., et. al.: Chem. Commun., 47, 12840 (2011); Lee, J., et. al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 25, 2849 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Ebrotidine is a H2 receptor antagonist that has shown gastroprotective properties against gastric mucosal damange.<br>References Andrade, R.J., et al.: Hepatol., 44, 1581 (2006); Wajima, T., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 92, 2427 (2003); Sentellas, S.. et al.: J. Chroma., 976, 221 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications MK-886 is a potent and selective inhibitor of FLAP and Cox-1.<br>References Gillard, J., et al.: Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 67, 456-464 (1989);<br></p>

<p>Applications WAY-100635 Maleate Salt is a selective SR-2B antagonist. It can be used in biological study of drug effects viewed from a signal transduction network perspective.<br>References Fliri, A., et al.: J Med Chem, 52, 8038 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-(+)-3-Methylcyclopentanone (cas# 6672-30-6) is a useful research chemical.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Magnesium tert-Butoxide is a reagent used in deprotonation reactions in organic synthesis. A mild alkaline earth metal alkoxide base that also functions as a Lewis acid and Bronsted base in chemical transformations.<br>References Ponikiewski, L., et al.: Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 634, 1770 (2008); Roman, D. S., et al.: e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 1 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Galeterone is an androgen receptor antagonist and CYP17A1 enzyme inhibitor.<br>References Soifer, H.S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 287, 3777 (2012); Vasaitis, T., et al.: Molec. Cancer. Therap., 7, 2348 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Hydroxyquinoline is a chemical reagent used in the preparation cyclic peptides with an antitumor functionality. Quinoline derivative as a result of the metabolism by cytochrome P 450.<br>References Riego, E. et al.: Tetragedron, 61, 1407 (2005); Kanou, M. et al.: Fund. Clin. Pharmacol., 16, 513 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Stability Store in Freezer<br>Applications Benzyl 3-Amino-3-deoxy-α-D-mannopyranoside Hydrochloride can be used for preparation of swainsonine analogs as immunostimulants.<br>References Dime, D., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., 74 pp. (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Inhibits the intestinal absorption of Phenylalanine, making it a prospective treatment for phenylketonuria.<br>References Shimomura, K., et al.: J. Biochem., 78, 269 (1975), Ambler, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 9, 737 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) is a reagent in the synthesis of self-assembled organometallic nickel complexes as catalysts for selective dimerization of ethylene into butene.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Boulens, P., et al.: Organometallics, 34, 1139 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-(+)-3,3-Dimethyl-2-butylamine is a reagent used in organic synthesis. Used in the synthesis of allosteric modulators in the treatment of schizophrenia.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wang, P. et al.: Org. Lett., 17, 3698 (2015); Turlington, M. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 7976 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Brincidofovir is an antiviral inhibitor, working against BK polymavirus replication in primary human urothelial cells. Cytostatic, cytotoxic agent.<br>References Tylden, G. et al.: Antimicrob. Agent. Chemother., 59, 3306 (2015); Cardile, A. et al.: Recent Patents Anti-Infect. Drug DIscov., 9, 97 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)butanoic acid is a butyrate analogue with effects on apoptosis, proliferation and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells.<br>References Scheppach, W., et al.: Eur. J. Cancer, 31A, 1077 (1995), Wu, J., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 46, 1944 (2005), Kiefer, J., et al.: Br. J. Nutr., 96, 803 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications 11-Bromo-1-undecene acts as a reagent used in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of macrolide antibiotics for the treatment of common bacteria infection.<br>References Chatterjee, S., et al.: RSC Adv., 4, 42697 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications A thromboxane receptor antagonist for use in the treatment of coronary artery disease.<br>References Rahman, M., et al.: Int. Immunopharmacol., 6, 1736 (2006), Sato, T., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 7705 (2008), Sandham, D., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 4794 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Methyldiethanolamine is used as a reagent in the synthesis of broad-spectrum antimicrobial polycarbonate hydrogels with fast degradability. It is also used as a reagent in the synthesis of dihydroxy quaternary ammonium salts with long chain alkyl bromides which can exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activity.<br>References Pascual, A., et al.: Biomacromolecules, 16, 1169 (2015); Liu, W., et al.: Chem. Biol. Drug Des., 85, 91 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Arginino-succinic Acid Sodium Salt is used in the characterization of δ-crystallin in avian species.<br>References Lee, H. et al.: Biochem. J., 283, 597 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Applications An indole derivative used in synthesis of matrix metalloprotease inhibitors.<br>References Somei, M., et al.: Nat. Prod. Rep., 22, 73 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications BAY 57-1293 Methanesulfonate Salt is used in biological studies as an antiviral agents for treating and preventing shingles and a method of treating zoster(herpes) associated pain as it is a potent helicase primase inhibitor.<br>References Kleyman, G., et al.: Nat. Med., 8, 392 (2002); Wozniak, M.A., et al.: Antiviral Res., 99, 401 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one inhibits neurite outgrowth and causes neurite retraction in PC12 cells independently of soluble guanylyl cyclase.<br>References Lee, H.G., et al.: J. Neurosci. Res., 87 269 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Carbethoxyphthalimide is used in the synthetic preparation of a novel dual binders as potent, selective, and orally bioavailable tankyrase inhibitors.<br>References Hua, Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 10003 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Enprostil is a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E2 and was found to be effective in the treatment of patients with duodenal or gastric ulcers.<br>References Goa, K.L., et al.: Drugs., 34, 539 (1987); Higuchi, K., et al.: Inflammopharmacol., 15, 18 (2006); Murata, H., et al.: Hepato-Gastroenterol., 52, 1925 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-O,O’-Di-p-toluoyl-L-tartaric Acid (cas# 32634-66-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Bevirimat is a HIV-1 maturation inhibitor, targetting the Gag CA-SP1 cleavage site. HIV Inhibitor.<br>References Coric, P. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 62, 453 (2013); Waki, K. et al.: PLoS Path., 8, e1002997 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications rac-Clopidogrel Hydrogen Sulfate is used in the synthesis of Clopidogrel derivatives as platelet aggregation inhibitors.<br>References Chen, J., et. al.: Hecheng Huaxue, 18, 586 (2010); Defreyn, G. et al.: Thromb. Haemo., 65, 186 (1991);<br></p>

<p>Applications A reagent used in the synthesis of glycidol, a stabilizer in manufacturing of vinyl polymers; intermediate in synthesis of glycerol, glycidyl ethers, and amines; additive for oil and synthetic hydraulic fluids; epoxy resin diluent.<br>References Palomo, J.M. et al.: Tetrahedron Asymm., 16, 869 (2005); Hiles, R.A., et al.: Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 19, 347 (1981); Thompson, E.D., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 665 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications Dihydrokainic acid is an EAAT2(GLT1)-selective non-transportable inhibitor of L-glutamate and L-aspartate uptake.<br>References Grunewald, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 9684 (2000); Shimamoto, K., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 53, 195 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Iodo-3-nitrobenzene is a reactant used int he synthesis of Vismodegib (V674700), an, antineoplastic drug that targets the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Inhibition of the Hh signaling may be effective in the treatment and prevention of many types of human cancers.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Cao, M., et. al.: Chem. Papers, 68, 1408 (2014); Gupta, S. et al.: Ther. Advances in Med. Oncology 2,237(2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications A Nicotinic acid (N429250) analogue used as a growth factor in Erwinia amylovora growth (pear and apple blossoms).<br>References Davis, A., et al.: Planta, 205, 305 (1998), Valls, F., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 3392 (2000), Gardener, M., et al.: J. Chem. Ecol., 2001, 27, 2545 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4,4’,(5’)-Di-(tert-butylcyclohexano)-18-crown-6 is a crown ether-based sorbent used in the analysis and separation of minerals.<br>References Yankovskaya, V. et al: J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 314, 119 (2017);<br></p>

<p>Applications ent-Ticagrelor is the enantiomer of Ticagrelor (T437700); the first reversible oral P2Y12 receptor antagonist that provides faster, greater, and more consistent ADP-receptor inhibition than Clopidogrel. Used in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes (ACS).<br>References Matetzky, S., et al.: Circulation, 109, 3171 (2004); Bassand, J., et al.: Eur. Heart J., 28, 1598 (2007); Jakubowski, J., et al.: Cardiovasc. Drug Rev., 25, 357 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Stability Photosensitive<br>Applications It is used for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML).<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methoxybenzenemethanol is used in the synthesis of antimycobacterial and antibacterial derivatives. Also used in the synthesis of phthalazines and analogues as benzodiazepine receptor ligands with specific activity.<br>References Wei, Z. et al.: Molecules., 18, 3872 (2013); Carling, R. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 1807 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications An organophosphorous compound that is a widely used mono-pyridylphosphine ligand in transition metal complexes for catalysis.<br>References Xue, Z. et al.: Macromol. Res., 15, 302 (2007); Gladiali, S. et al.: J. Mol. Catal., 66, 183 (1991);<br></p>

<p>Applications Gefarnate is a synthetic isoprenoid that is used to treat chronic gastric and duodenic ulcers. Gerfarnate is also used for gastric ulcer prophylaxis.<br>References Barbara, L., et al.: Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 2, 399 (1974); Kobayashi, K., et al.: Toko. J. Exp. Med., 140, 181 (1983); Newman, C. &amp; Montgomery, D.: Brit. J. Clin. Pract., 27, 85 (1973); Smith, P., et al.: Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 10, 753 (1975)<br></p>

<p>Applications A useful synthetic intermediate for carbohydrate synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl 4-Acetylbenzoate is used in the preparation of trisubstituted pyrazoles as novel hepatitis C virus entry inhibitors.<br>References Hwang, J.Y., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 6467 (2013); Simmonds, P., et al.: Hepatology, 42, 962 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications (1,​5-​Cyclooctadiene)​(hexafluoroacetylace​tonato)​iridium(I) is a catalyst used in hydrogenation reactions in organic synthesis.<br>References Maj, A. et al.: Tetrahedron, 72, 1375 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Benzeneacetyl Chloride is used in the synthesis of aromatic inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase. Also used in the preparation of napthalenic ligands with high affinity for melatonin receptor.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Burke, T. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 4171 (1995); Yous, S. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 35, 1484 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Applications KP372-1 is a specific Akt inhibitor that demonstrates at least 10-fold selectivity against a panel of additional kinase targets, including CDK1, ERK1, GSK3β, LCK, MEK1, PKA, PKC, and S6K. By blocking Akt signaling, KP372-1 has been shown to inhibit proliferation and to induce apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells.<br>References Zeng, Z., et al.: Cancer Res, 66, 3737-3746 (2006); Mandal, M., et al.: Br. J. Cancer, BJC, 92, 1899-1905 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications Epacadostat is a potent and novel indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) inhibitor with IC50 of 10 nM. It has high selectivity over IDO2 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO).<br>References Yue, Eddy W., et al.: ACS Med. Chem. Lett., 8, 486 (2017);<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the production of mutagenic pyrolyzates.<br>References Grassy, G., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 17, 109 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-amino-3-methylpentan-1-ol (cas# 24629-25-2) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Gabexate Mesylate is a serine protease inhibitor. Gabexate Mesylate inhibits trypsin, plasmin, plasma kallikrein and thrombin. Gabexate Mesylate inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production through nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1 activation. Neuroresearch &amp; Neuroprotective Product.<br>References Yuksel, M. et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 305, 298 (2003); Tamura, Y. et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 484, 417 (1977); Ohno, H. et al.: Thromb. Res., 24, 445 (1981);<br></p>

<p>Applications Disodium Tetrachloropalladate is an inorganic compound used in organometallic chemistry for the preparation of phosphine complexes of palladium.<br>References Ramirez-Rave, S., et al.: J. Orgometallic. Chem., 749, 287 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Platelet aggregation inhibitor; stable analog of Prostacyclin. Antithrombotic; vasodilator (peripheral).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kajikawa, N., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 39, 495 (1989), Demolis, J.-L., et al.: J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 22, 711 (1993), Okuda, Y., et al.: Prostaglandins, 52, 375 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications Aluminum isopropoxide is a compound used as an initiator for the polymerization of various compounds, such as lactides. Aluminum isopropoxide is also used as a reducing agent for the reduction of Cinnamaldehyde (C442020).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Dubois, P., et al.: Macromolecules. 24, 2266 (1991); Hájek, J., et al.: Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 251, 385 (2003); Lou, X., et al.: Macromol. Rapid Comm., 23, 126 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,1-Cyclopropanedicarboxylic Acid, is an inhibitor of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid oxidase in Lycopersicum esculentum (Tomato plant). It can also be used as a building block for the synthesis of a series of cyclopropanecarboxamides, having antifungal activity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Petritis, K., et al.: Phytochemical Analy., 14, 347 (2003); Liu, X. H., et al.: Euro. J. Med. , 44, 2782 (2009);<br></p>