Glycoscience

The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, which is located in the cytosol of cells, catalyzes the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde. In this reaction, a hydrogen ion (H+) is abstracted from ethanol and two electrons (e-) are added to the molecule. The addition of these electrons results in the formation of a hydrogen bond between the alcohol and an electron-donating species such as water or octyl glucopyranoside. Octyl glucopyranoside is a detergent that has been used as a substrate for measuring rates of alcohol dehydrogenase. This detergent also has been shown to be effective at removing glycol ethers from biological samples.
The biochemical research on octyl glucopyranoside includes its use as an equilibrative nucleoside and its effect on bowel disease.

6'-Sialyllactose-sp-biotin is a custom synthesis of a 6'-sialyllactose with a biotin moiety attached to the reducing end. The modification was done through fluorination, methylation, and monosaccharide synthesis. This product has CAS No. 1384441-62-6 and is an oligosaccharide saccharide that is polysaccharide containing glycosylated sugar. It is also a complex carbohydrate that contains many sugars in one molecule.

In water, hydroxypropyl cellulose forms liquid crystals with many mesophases depending on concentration. These mesophases include isotropic, anisotropic, nematic and cholesteric, the latter resulting in many colors such as violet, green and red. Pharmaceutical applications include treatments for medical conditions such as dry eye syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), recurrent corneal erosions, decreased corneal sensitivity, exposure and neuroparalytic keratitis. It is also used as a binder in tablets. Hydroxypropylcellulose is also used as a thickener, a binder and emulsion stabiliser in foods with E number E463.  HPC is used as a support matrix for DNA separations by capillary and microchip electrophoresis.

Polysorbate 20 is a sodium salt of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, which is a biocompatible polymer. It is used as an emulsifier in pharmaceuticals, foods, cosmetics, and other personal care products. Polysorbate 20 has been shown to be effective against the production of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a protein that regulates the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the blood. This drug has also been shown to enhance the production of monoclonal antibodies by human serum cells. Polysorbate 20 can be used for cell lysis and biological sample handling due to its ability to dissolve proteins, including biological samples such as tissue sections or blood smears.

a-D-Glucoheptonic acid sodium salt is a compound that has been shown to modulate the immune system. It also has been used in pharmaceutical formulations as an excipient and as a carrier for diagnostic and therapeutic agents.

This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.

Tetrasaccharide; tumor-associated antigen; prognostic factor

Asialylated glycosphingolipid and precursor for ganglioside biosynthesis. The compound is a major glycosphingolipid in human neutrophils and is involved in the regulation of superoxides as well as nitric oxide. Moreover, lactosylceramide accumulates in atherosclerotic plaques and is also found elevated in familial hypercholesterolemia and polycystic kidney disease. Animal studies revealed that lactosylceramide induces hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes via signal transduction pathway that is oxygen-sensitive.

Rengasin-4'-O-glucoside (RG4G) is a natural glycoside that belongs to the category of sugar derivatives. It has versatile uses and can be used as a building block for complex compounds, as well as in research chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. RG4G also has many applications in chemistry, including being used as a reagent or speciality chemical. RG4G is also an important intermediate in organic synthesis, which can be used to synthesize many useful compounds. The compound is often used as a scaffold for larger molecules.

M02705 - 5-Bromo-3-indolyl-b-D-galactopyranoside

Intermediate for β-glucosides; potential PET surface modification reagent

UDP-D-glucuronide ammonium salt is a drug that is used for the treatment of estrogen-dependent cancers. It is an inhibitor of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the glucuronidation of estrone and other substrates. The binding affinity of UDP-D-glucuronide ammonium salt can be increased by mutating the enzyme to increase its kinetic rate. This drug has been shown to inhibit estrogen production in recombinant human liver cells as well as in human liver cells. Mutations in the gene encoding this enzyme have also been associated with variations in estrogen levels, specifically high rates.

3-Phenyl-2-propenylbeta-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid that has been shown to have inhibitory properties. It has been used as an analytical method for the diagnosis of bronchial reactivity. The high resistance of 3-phenyl-2-propenylbeta-D-glucopyranoside to oxidation and reduction make it an interesting candidate for antiinflammatory agents. When testing the effects of this compound on human bronchial tissue, it was found that 3-phenyl-2-propenylbeta-D-glucopyranoside inhibited allergic symptoms by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes, which are released in response to allergens and other irritants in the airways. The use of this compound may be useful in the treatment of asthma patients who suffer from allergic reactions to dust, pollen, or animal dander.

Lewis B tetrasaccharide-sp-biotin is a high purity, custom synthesis of saccharides. The saccharide is modified with a Click modification and fluorination. Glycosylation, methylation, and other modifications are also present in this product. Lewis B tetrasaccharide-sp-biotin is used in research for the glycosylation of proteins and to study carbohydrate binding proteins.

S-(-)-Perillyl alcohol glucoside is a glycoconjugate that has been shown to inhibit β-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. It is used in the treatment of cancers, such as colorectal cancer, by inhibiting glucose uptake into cells. S-(-)-Perillyl alcohol glucoside may also have anticancer effects by inhibiting glucose transporters and caspases.

Glycogen is a highly branched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi. It is the main storage form of glucose in the body.  In humans, glycogen is made and stored primarily in liver and muscle cells and functions as the second most important energy storage molecule to fat which is held in adipose tissue. Glycogen is analogous to starch and has a structure similar to amylopectin, but is more extensively branched and compact than starch. It occurs as granules in the cytosol/cytoplasm in many cell types, and plays an important role in the glucose cycle.

Cholesterol b-D-glucoside is a modified cholesterol that has been fluorinated and methylated. It is a complex carbohydrate that can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. Cholesterol b-D-glucoside is soluble in water, alcohols, and ethers and is insoluble in chloroform. The CAS number for Cholesterol b-D-glucoside 7073-61-2. This product is available for custom synthesis, which means it can be made to order with the specifications you need.

3'-Sialyl Lewis X-sp-biotin is a Custom synthesis, Modification, Fluorination, Methylation, Monosaccharide, Synthetic, Click modification, Oligosaccharide, saccharide that can be modified to have a variety of different functions. It can be used as a building block for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. 3'-sialyl Lewis X-sp-biotin is also used in the production of oligosaccharides and glycoproteins.

Digalactosyl diglyceride is a lipid that is found in the wax of plants. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and can be used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Digalactosyl diglyceride binds to nuclear DNA and inhibits fatty acid synthesis, which leads to membrane destabilization.

6-Deoxy-6-iodo-a-cyclodextrin is a cavity-forming agent that is used in the treatment of dental cavities. It has been shown to be effective against Streptococcus mutans and is less toxic than other cavity treatments. 6-Deoxy-6-iodo-a-cyclodextrin also has phosphorescence and can be used as a fluorescent tracer. This molecule has been shown to form complexes with 3-bromoquinoline, which are good substrates for cyclodextrin synthesis. In addition, it reacts with 6-bromo2 naphthol to form a complex that includes an electron donor and an electron acceptor. The complex absorbs light at wavelengths of 400 nm or more and emits light at wavelengths of 500 nm or less, making it useful for luminescent imaging systems.

Gala1-3(Fuca1-2)Gal Conjugated to BSA-good antibody elicitor

Applications 4-O-β-D-Mannopyranosyl-D-glucopyranoside (cas# 29276-55-9) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications sn-Glycerol 3-Phosphate Bis(cyclohexylammonium) Salt is a standard used for measuring the level of glycerol-3-phosphate produced by the hydrolysis of phosphatidic acid. Glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) is an important intermediate of carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways.
References Morita, S., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 50, 1945 (2009); Feesner, W., et al.: Angewandte Chemie, 106, 217 (1994)

Applications 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-1,1-d2-amine HCl (CAS# 83008-33-7) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications A useful glycopeptide intermediate.

Applications D-Talose is a monosaccharide sugar that can convert between aldose and ketose forms in pyridine in the presence of aluminum oxide.
References Ekeberg, D. et al.: Carb. Res., 342, 1992 (2007); Chaytor, J. et al.: Glycobio., 22, 123 (2012);

Applications 4-Chloro-2,6-dimethoxy-5-nitropyrimidine is an intermediate in the synthesis of Lumazine (L473800) fluorophore.
References Chen, J.H., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 69, 6996 (2004); Cushman, M., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 69, 601 (2004);

Applications 3-Pentyl-2,2,3,4,4-d5 Alcohol (CAS# 144032-75-7) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications D-Alanine-3,3,3-d3-N-t-BOC (CAS# 177614-70-9) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications Derivative of Neuraminic Acid
References Oetke, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 6688 (2002),

Applications 1-Bromo-2,4-difluorobenzene-d3 (CAS# 1219803-87-8) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.