Antimicrobianos

<p>4'-Epidaunorubicin hydrochloride is an anthracycline antibiotic derivative, which is synthesized from modifications of natural products. It functions as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, which intercalates into DNA strands and disrupts replication and transcription, thereby inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. This compound is primarily utilized in the field of oncology for its potent anti-tumor activities. By forming stable complexes with DNA and topoisomerase II, 4'-Epidaunorubicin hydrochloride induces breaks in the DNA strands, leading to apoptosis of cancer cells. It is often used in treatment protocols for various malignancies, including leukemia and solid tumors. While highly effective, its administration is carefully managed to mitigate potential cardiotoxicity, a common attribute of anthracycline drugs. Research continues to explore its full potential and optimize delivery methods to enhance its therapeutic index.</p>

<p>Benethamine penicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic, which is a semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin. It is sourced from the modification of naturally occurring penicillin compounds, typically produced through the fermentation of Penicillium mold cultures. Benethamine penicillin operates by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It targets the penicillin-binding proteins within bacterial cell membranes, disrupting peptidoglycan cross-linking, which is essential for cell wall structural integrity. This leads to cell lysis and death in susceptible bacteria.</p>

<p>Herbicidin E is a potent herbicidal compound, derived from blue-green algae, with a biochemical mode of action focused on inhibiting photosynthetic electron transport. It effectively disrupts the photosynthetic process by binding to specific sites within the chloroplasts of target plants, impairing their ability to convert light energy into chemical energy. This leads to a depletion of essential energy reserves, resulting in the controlled demise of the plant.</p>

<p>Meropenem trihydrate has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as, some mycoplasma species. It inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (PBP), which impairs cell wall integrity, induces the formation of reactive oxygen species, and inhibits macromolecular synthesis in bacteria. It can be used to prevent bacterial growth after being exposed to meropenem through fluorescence imaging of human blood plasma. Meropenem trihydrate research studies showed a reduction of the allergen levels in patients with respiratory allergies or asthma, specifically dust mites, cockroaches, animal dander, pollen grains, etc. by inhibit allergen-induced sensitization of mast cells.</p>

<p>Polymyxin B is a sulfonamide antibiotic with broad spectrum of activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It binds to the bacterial membrane, causing an increase in the cell’s permeability and thus leading to cell death. A study on human neutrophils showed that polymyxin B reduces the expression of neomycin sulfate through inhibition of protein synthesis, which leads to cell death by lysosomal enzyme release. This antibiotic has been shown to be effective on clostridium perfringens, where it inhibits bacterial growth and leads to hypersensitivity reactions in some patients.</p>

<p>Paromomycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating intestinal infections and leishmaniasis.</p>

<p>Cephalothin sodium is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating bacterial infections such as respiratory tract infections and skin infections.</p>

<p>Azithromycin N-oxide is a macrolide antibiotic derivative and is used for research purposes. Its mode of action is similar to azithromycin.</p>

<p>Omadacycline tosylate is a aminomethylcycline antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and skin infections.</p>

<p>Gentamycin sulphate is the salt form of the broad-spectrum antibiotic gentamycin (a.k.a. gentamicin). Gentamycin is active against clinically relevant bacteria, such as: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, and is used to fight infections from Staphylococcus, Citrobacter and Enterobacteriaceae species. Gentamycin is a natural mixture of four congeners, one of which is gentamicin C2a. Gentamycin has been included in biomedical implantable materials, such as, bone grafts, to reduce the risk of infection.</p>

<p>α-Apo-oxytetracycline is a degradation product of oxytetracycline with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for research on antibiotic activity and bacterial resistance.</p>

<p>Meayamycin B is a synthetic macrolide, a complex organic compound, which is derived from the natural product FR901464. This compound functions as an antagonist of the spliceosome, the cellular machinery responsible for pre-mRNA splicing. By binding to specific components of the spliceosome, Meayamycin B disrupts the splicing process, leading to the accumulation of unspliced precursor mRNA. This action effectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells, making it a notable candidate for cancer therapy research.</p>

<p>Ethambutol is an antimicrobial compound, specifically an antitubercular agent, which is a synthetic derivative of ethylenediamine. It is classified as a bacteriostatic agent that primarily targets Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The mode of action of Ethambutol involves the inhibition of arabinosyl transferases, enzymes essential for the polymerization of arabinogalactan, a critical component of the mycobacterial cell wall. By disrupting cell wall biosynthesis, Ethambutol effectively hampers the growth and proliferation of the bacteria.</p>

<p>Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic, which is a synthetic fluoroquinolone with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Its source lies in its chemical synthesis, designed to inhibit bacterial enzymes necessary for DNA replication. The mode of action involves the inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are critical enzymes for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair. This dual inhibitory mechanism disrupts bacterial cell division and growth, leading to the eventual eradication of susceptible bacterial strains.</p>

<p>(S)-6,7-Dihydro-2-nitro-6-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methoxy]-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine ia slo known as PA-824. An anti-tuberculosis drug that affects both replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis via cell wall inhibition and respiratory poisoning..</p>

<p>Antibiotic; inhibits bacterial mRNA translation; inhibits monoamine oxidase</p>

<p>Antibiotic; anti-protozoal; anti-helmintic; protein synthesis inhibitor</p>

<p>CCR-5 chemokine receptor antagonist; inhibits HIV entry via gp120 protein</p>

<p>Validamycin A is an antibiotic and fungicide with action as a trehalase inhibitor, disrupting carbohydrate metabolism in fungi and is used for controlling fungal diseases like sheath blight in rice and damping-off in cucumbers.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase; inhibitor of protein synthesis</p>