Nucleótidos

<p>Thymidine-5'-diphosphate-D-viosamine disodium salt is a nucleoside that has been conjugated to a carrier molecule. This compound is an anomeric, pyranose, and conjugate acid. It has been shown to have antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and human cytomegalovirus (CMV). Thymidine-5'-diphosphate-D-viosamine disodium salt inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA by inhibiting the incorporation of uracil into the viral DNA strand. This inhibition prevents the production of new viruses by preventing replication.</p>

<p>a specifically designed building block for introducing a 3'-amino group into oligonucleotides. The dideoxy sugar ensures the amino group is the primary functionality at the 3' end, while the DMT and isobutyryl protecting groups ensure controlled reactivity during oligonucleotide synthesis and subsequent modification steps.</p>

<p>N6-Methyladenosine-5'-monophosphate sodium is a synthetic nucleoside that has antiviral and anticancer activity. It is an activator of DNA polymerase α, which is involved in the synthesis of DNA. N6-Methyladenosine-5'-monophosphate sodium has been shown to inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in cultured cells and to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This drug also inhibits the growth of certain bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. N6-Methyladenosine-5'-monophosphate sodium may be used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS or cancer.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxy-6-O-methyl-guanosine is a methylated nucleoside that has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis in cancer cells. It does so by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA, which is required for the production of proteins. This compound also inhibits monoclonal antibody production, which may be due to its ability to methylate DNA and prevent dna duplexes from being repaired. 2'-Deoxy-6-O-methyl-guanosine is used as a probe in the detection of human proteins by fluorescence spectroscopy. The sensitivity of this probe has been shown to be greater than 10 ng/mL, making it ideal for use in clinical settings where small quantities of proteins are present.</p>

2'-O-Methylcytidine-5'-monophosphate triethylammonium salt is a synthetic nucleoside that has been shown to be a substrate for DNA polymerase and an inhibitor of RNA synthesis. It has been used in the laboratory as a primer and as a biochemical tool to study viruses. 2'-O-Methylcytidine-5'-monophosphate triethylammonium salt is active against murine leukemia virus, but not against ciliated protozoan parasites such as Tetrahymena pyriformis. This compound has also been shown to inhibit the enzyme form of HIV reverse transcriptase and to be cytotoxic at high concentrations.

<p>3'-O-acetyl-2'-deoxycytidine is an activator that can be used in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleosides and nucleosides. It is a novel, modified, and high purity chemical entity that has shown anticancer and antiviral properties. 3'-O-acetyl-2'-deoxycytidine is a monophosphate nucleotide, which can be used in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals. This product has been synthesized using high quality reagents in order to provide the best possible product for research purposes.</p>

<p>2'-Amino-2'-deoxyuridine is a modified nucleoside based on uridine. The 2'-hydroxyl group on the sugar is replaced by an amino group. This compound can be used for research purposes</p>

<p>5'-Deoxyadenosine is a nucleoside that is produced by the enzymatic reaction of glycolaldehyde and ATP. It is found in both DNA and RNA, where it plays an important role in the catalytic subunit of ribonucleotide reductase. 5'-Deoxyadenosine has been shown to be involved in hydrogen bonding with other molecules, such as ethanolamine. It also has a kinetic effect on the enzyme activity of ribonucleotide reductase by forming intramolecular hydrogen bonds with other adenine nucleotides. The analogs of 5'-deoxyadenosine have been shown to inhibit viral replication in cell culture studies using typhimurium virus.</p>

2'-Deoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt is an inorganic compound that has a furanose ring. It is used as a monofunctional building block for the synthesis of nucleotide derivatives. The conformations of 2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt are experimentally determined by x-ray data, which shows that the molecule adopts a twisted conformation with two possible orientations: one where the 2'OH group is oriented toward the phosphate group, and another where it is oriented away from it. The nature of these conformers can be confirmed by analyzing their x-ray diffraction patterns.

Uridine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt is a supramolecular complex that binds to gold nanoparticles. The binding of uridine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt to gold nanoparticles can be used for the detection of metal ions through the photometric method. Uridine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt has been shown to inhibit the glutathione-dependent reduction of vitamin B12, which is a key step in methionine synthesis and folate metabolism. This inhibition may lead to a decrease in protein synthesis, ATP production, and cell division.

2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate disodium (2DdCMP) is a competitive inhibitor of receptor protein tyrosine kinases. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of various human cancer cell lines in vitro and to reduce tumor size in mice bearing transplanted human tumor xenografts. 2DdCMP inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by interfering with the expression of growth factors that are involved in mitogenesis. This drug also inhibits the growth of new blood vessels, which is essential for tumor formation and progression. 2DdCMP binds to an allosteric site on receptor molecules, thereby blocking the binding site of other proteins such as growth factors and kinases that may be involved in tumorigenesis.

<p>A synthetic cytosine analogue that incorporates into DNA and prevents DNA methylation via DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibition. Demonstrated potent anti-leukaemic effects attributed to cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. Has anti-growth effects on solid tumor cell lines.</p>

1-(5'-O-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-L-arabinofuranosyl)thymine is a modified nucleoside analog with structural modifications that enhance its biological properties, stability, and pharmaceutical potential. The compound features thymine (5-methyluracil) as the nucleobase, a pyrimidine derivative. The sugar component is 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-L-arabinofuranose, which includes the L-arabinose configuration, a departure from the natural D-ribose or D-deoxyribose configuration typically found in DNA and RNA, influencing how the molecule is recognized by biological systems. The 2'-fluoro substitution at the sugar position improves the compound's stability and resistance to enzymatic degradation, while also potentially enhancing its antiviral activity. A 5'-O-benzoyl group serves as a protecting group, safeguarding the 5'-hydroxyl group during synthesis.

2',3'-Dideoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate can be used with uracil DNA glycosylase to minimize PCR carryover contamination and enables the kinetics of deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolases to be investiagated.

6-Thio-9-(b-D-arabinofuranosyl)purine is a purine analog that inhibits the enzyme uridine phosphorylase, which is involved in the metabolism of uridine. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of L1210 cells and also to be effective against subcutaneous tumors in mice. 6-Thio-9-(b-D-arabinofuranosyl)purine is active against schistosomiasis in mice, with an LD50 of 1 mg/kg. This drug has also been shown to have potential antitumor activity and was able to inhibit the growth of human lymphocytes and leukocytes.

9-(b-D-Arabinofuranosyl) guanine is a purine nucleoside in which guanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. 9-(b-D-Arabinofuranosyl) guanine binds to the phosphate groups in DNA and inhibits the synthesis of DNA causing cell death. It also has antineoplastic properties.

Inosine 5'-diphosphate trisodium salt is an antiviral compound that is used to inhibit the replication of many viruses, including herpes, influenza, and HIV. It has been shown to be effective against cancer cells in vitro. Inosine 5'-diphosphate trisodium salt is a modified nucleotide that is used as a phosphoramidite for DNA synthesis. This compound can also be used as an activator for deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. It has been shown to have anticancer activity in vivo and in vitro and also inhibits viral DNA synthesis by preventing the formation of ribonucleotide triphosphates from ribonucleotides. The molecular weight of this compound is 390.4 g/mol and its CAS number is 81012-88-6.

<p>2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine is a synthetic nucleoside analog of uridine in which the 2'-hydroxyl group on the ribose sugar is replaced with an azido group (–N₃), and the base is unmodified uracil. This modification alters the sugar's conformation and chemical reactivity, enabling the use of this analog in bioorthogonal labeling strategies, particularly through azide-alkyne "click" chemistry. Its incorporation into nucleic acids can influence polymerase recognition and chain elongation, making it a useful probe in studies of RNA synthesis, structure, and function.</p>

<p>Acetyl hypoxanthine is an inorganic compound that has a cyclophosphate group. It can be synthesized from the reaction of acetic acid and 6-chloropurine, which is activated with trifluoroacetic acid and irradiated with ultraviolet light. Acetyl hypoxanthine can then be synthesized by ammonolysis of chloroacetone using ammonia or by chlorinating acetylene with chlorine. The advantages of this compound are its high yield and low cost.</p>

<p>Deoxyadenosine analog resistant to adenosine deaminase</p>

<p>Gemcitabine is a prodrug that is converted to 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in the body. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of bladder and pancreatic cancer cells by interfering with the synthesis of DNA. Gemcitabine inhibits DNA replication by binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor, which leads to cell death. Gemcitabine also acts as a competitive inhibitor of deoxycytidine kinase, which prevents the formation of deoxycytidine monophosphate from deoxyuridine monophosphate, preventing DNA replication. In addition, gemcitabine can activate apoptosis in some tumor cells by increasing levels of intracellular free calcium, which leads to activation of enzymes such as phospholipases and proteases that degrade proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.</p>

2’-Deoxy-2’-fluorouridine 5’-monophosphate triethyl ammonium is a fluorinated nucleotide analog used in biochemical and medicinal research

<p>Dihydrozeatin riboside is a cytokinin, a group of plant hormones that regulate various aspects of plant growth and development. It is found in the form of an ester, dihydrozeatin riboside, which is produced by the action of trifluoroacetic acid on zeatin. The natural function of this hormone is to stimulate cell division in plants, but it has also been shown to have antibacterial effects against bacterial strains such as Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Dihydrozeatin riboside inhibits bacterial growth by binding to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby preventing transcription and replication. The high frequency of human activity has been shown using a patch-clamp technique on human erythrocytes. This active form is metabolized through a number of metabolic transformations, including hydrolysis by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduction</p>

<p>N4-Benzoylcytidine is a nucleoside that is used as part of the synthesis of the antiviral drug acyclovir. It is synthesized by reacting uridine with benzoyl chloride in a solid-phase synthesis. N4-Benzoylcytidine has shown to inhibit the growth of virus type-1 and other viruses, including those that cause herpes simplex and varicella zoster. This nucleoside also inhibits epidermal growth factor (EGF) and is a hybridization probe for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The benzoate group on this compound reacts with hydroxyl groups on proteins, which may be why it has been shown to stimulate epidermal growth in mammalian cells.</p>

<p>5'-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (5-ECA) is an adenosine receptor antagonist that is used as a radioligand to study the binding of adenosine and other nucleotides to their receptors. 5-ECA binds to the A3 receptor, which is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. This compound also inhibits platelet aggregation and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in mice with colon cancer. 5-ECA was found to inhibit tumor growth in a mouse model system by suppressing IL-2 production and reducing levels of PGE2, an effect that may be due to inhibition of cyclase activity. 5-ECA can be used in vitro for studies on pluripotent cells because it does not affect their ability to differentiate.</p>

<p>5-Iodo-2'-O-methyluridine is a novel antiviral drug that inhibits replication of DNA and RNA viruses. It is chemically synthesized from 2' deoxyuridine monophosphate, which is modified to create the 5-iodo derivative. The modification at the 5th position of the uracil ring prevents the incorporation of methylation into DNA and RNA, which can lead to cancerous growths. This compound has been shown to be an excellent activator for DNA synthesis in vitro. It has also been shown to have anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo.</p>

3'-Amino-2',3'-dideoxycytidine's lack of a 3'-hydroxyl group makes it a chain terminator for DNA polymerase, a key application in Sanger sequencing. Additionally, the 3'-amino group serves as a functional handle for modifying the 3' end of oligonucleotides with various labels or conjugates, expanding their utility in research and diagnostics.

<p>2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-diphosphate sodium salt is a nucleotide that is involved in the synthesis of DNA. It is a structural analog of adenosine-5'-diphosphate and can be used as an experimental tool to study metabolic disorders. 2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-diphosphate sodium salt binds to p2y receptors and blocks their activation, which inhibits cellular energy metabolism. This compound is structurally similar to adenosine-5'-triphosphate, but has been shown to inhibit the expansion of cells when heated, unlike adenosine-5'-triphosphate. 2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-diphosphate sodium salt also inhibits cell proliferation in cancer cells and may have potential as a therapeutic agent for bowel disease.</p>

<p>N4-Acetyl-2'-O-methylcytidine is a chemical compound that is an analog of cytidine. It has been shown to have the ability to stabilize RNA molecules at high temperatures and has been used in the study of epigenetics and thermophilic organisms. N4-Acetyl-2'-O-methylcytidine is also known as AEMC. This compound can be used for reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, which separates compounds based on their size and shape. Furiosus is a strain of bacteria that contains this chemical compound in its genome. Furiosus was found to contain this compound in its DNA by using posttranscriptional modification techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).</p>

3'-Fluoro-3'-deoxyuridine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits DNA synthesis and has been used to treat hepatitis.

<p>Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a nucleotide that is found in all cells and is involved in the regulation of many physiological processes, including energy metabolism and blood flow. It has inhibitory effects on platelets and calcium ion channels. Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate disodium salt also inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins by blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, which leads to an anti-inflammatory effect. Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate disodium salt has been shown to be effective in treating primary pulmonary hypertension and bowel disease. The reaction solution can be used for polymerase chain reactions, multivariate logistic regression, or other applications.</p>

2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine is a nucleoside analog with the potential as an Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus antiviral

5-Methoxyuridine is a nucleoside that is structurally related to uridine. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines and is also used as a precursor for other compounds. 5-Methoxyuridine has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to purine receptors and inhibiting the function of protein kinases. The x-ray crystal structures of 5-methoxyuridine bound to two different p2y receptors have been determined. The analytical chemistry of 5-methoxyuridine is based on UV absorption measurements, which are able to identify hydrogen bonds between the base and the sugar moiety. This drug has been investigated for its potential use in cancer therapy due to its ability to inhibit RNA synthesis, which can lead to cell death by incomplete replication or transcription. 5-Methoxyuridine inhibits messenger RNA (mRNA) production in bacteria by interfering with sequence recognition and binding sites within the ribosome and preventing

2'-Chloro-2'-deoxyuridine is a thymidine analog for research applications

<p>2-Amino-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroadenosine is a modified nucleoside. Fluorination modifications can make molecules have increased resistance to enzymatic degradation, which has useful applications in drug development. The extra amino group could also enhance binding properties or alter biological activity.</p>

<p>3-N-Boc-5'-O-DMT-3'-O-nosylthymidine is an anticancer nucleoside that is used as a building block for the synthesis of other anticancer compounds. It can be synthesized by the reaction between 3,4,5′-trimethoxybenzoyl chloride and thymidine in the presence of DMAP and DIPEA. This compound has shown antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. 3-N-Boc-5'-O-DMT-3'-O-nosylthymidine can also be used as a precursor to synthesize novel nucleosides with different properties. This product is soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, benzene, ether or methanol.</p>

2'-O-Allylcytidine is a synthetic nucleotide that contains an allylated amino function. It is synthesized by the regiospecific allylation of uridine and guanosine. 2'-O-Allylcytidine has been used in research studies for the synthesis of oligonucleotides with specific sequences and for high-yield production of synthons.

<p>2'-Amino-2'-deoxyguanosine is a modified nucleoside, based on guanosine. The 2'-hydroxyl has been replaced by an amino group, which can form different hydrogen bonds compared to a hydroxyl or just a hydrogen, altering the way the sugar interacts in a DNA or RNA strand.</p>

Tenofovir is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that exhibits anti-viral properties through its inhibition of reverse transcriptases. In particular, Tenofovir is a potent inhibitor of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) reverse transcriptases, thus preventing the replication of genetic viral material. This property is beneficial in virus research areas and developing antiviral treatments. Once inside the body tenofovir is metabolized into its active form, tenofovir diphosphate, by the lysosomal protease cathepsin A, nucleotide kinases and adenylate kinases. An oral prodrug, used in the treatment of HIV, is tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) hemifumerate and this has improved stability, greater antiviral activity and reduces the risk of side effects such as loss of kidney function. Furthermore, TAF is easily metabolized into tenofovir in the lymphocytes allowing increased drug accumulation in HIV cells.

<p>7-Deaza-2'-deoxyinosine is a purine nucleoside analog that has been shown to be a hydrogen bond donor and formamide acceptor. This drug destabilizes duplex DNA by interfering with the formation of the hydrogen bonds between the bases, which may result in strand breakage. 7-Deaza-2'-deoxyinosine has also been shown to inhibit RNA polymerase activity, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. It has been used as a tool for studying enzyme mechanisms and in solid phase synthesis.</p>

5'-Deoxy-5'-iodoadenosine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the activity of the adenosine receptor. This drug binds to adenosine receptors, which are found on the surface of cells. The binding results in an inhibitory effect on viral replication and cell proliferation. 5'-Deoxy-5'-iodoadenosine has been shown to be effective against hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). It is also active against animal models of human diseases such as l1210 murine leukemia and t-cell leukemia. 5'-Deoxy-5'-iodoadenosine has been shown to inhibit the growth of hl-60 cells in cell culture by blocking the synthesis of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A.

<p>5-Bromouridine is an energy-related metabolite that is a precursor of uridine. It is a nucleotide base that is incorporated into DNA during DNA replication. 5-Bromouridine has been shown to have radiation resistance and high resistance to viral life. It also binds to the nuclear DNA in cells, where it can act as a transcriptional regulator. 5-Bromouridine is used in the treatment of malignant brain tumors, where it can inhibit tumor growth by binding to the dna of cancer cells and preventing the synthesis of proteins required for cell division. 5-Bromouridine binds with high affinity to basic fibroblast, which may be related to its effects on cancer cells.</p>

Activator of cGMP-dependent protein kinases

<p>N4-Benzoyl-3'-deoxycytidine is a novel antiviral agent that has shown activity against DNA and RNA viruses. It is an activator of DNA polymerase, which is essential for replication of viral nucleic acids. The compound is a modified nucleoside with a benzoyl group at the 4' position of the ribose moiety. It also has phosphoramidite, monophosphate, and diphosphate analogues. N4-Benzoyl-3'-deoxycytidine binds to the enzyme DNA polymerase, thereby inhibiting its ability to synthesize deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotides. This results in inhibition of viral DNA synthesis and subsequent inhibition of viral replication.</p>

<p>5'-Amino-5'-deoxythymidine is a nucleoside that is structurally related to thymidine. It has been shown to be a substrate for fatty acid synthase, which is a key enzyme in the synthesis of membrane lipids. 5'-Amino-5'-deoxythymidine has been shown to induce tumorigenesis in mouse bladder carcinoma cells. This compound also does not form stable complexes with DNA duplexes and can inhibit uptake of thymidylate into cells by competitive inhibition. 5'-Amino-5'-deoxythymidine binds to the cell surface and acts as an antibody response modifier.</p>

3'-O-Benzoyl-2'-deoxyuridine is a synthetic nucleoside that is used in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. 3'-O-Benzoyl-2'-deoxyuridine is also an antiviral agent that has shown efficacy against HIV, HSV, and influenza virus. 3'-O-Benzoyl-2'-deoxyuridine is a phosphoramidite monophosphate that can be used as a building block for DNA or RNA synthesis. It is also a diphosphate that can be used to synthesize modified nucleosides. This product has novel properties and high purity, making it suitable for research purposes.

<p>2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxyuridine is a hydrated form of uracil that is used in the synthesis of nucleic acids. It is also a substrate for DNA polymerases and has been shown to inhibit the replication of herpes simplex virus. 2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxyuridine has been shown to have biological properties, such as inhibition of radiation-induced transformation, inhibition of cancer cell growth, and antiviral activity. The mechanism by which 2'-deoxy-5-hydroxyuridine inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus is unclear but may be due to its ability to inhibit cellular metabolism.</p>

<p>2',3'-Dideoxy-5'-O-DMT-cytidine is a chemically modified cytidine nucleoside which can be used in synthetic chemistry, especially in nucleic acid synthesis. A dimethoxytrityl (DMT) protecting group is attached to the 5'-oxygen of the sugar. This is not biologically active, but it’s commonly used in solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis to protect the 5' end during step-by-step DNA or RNA construction.</p>

8-(Benzyloxy)guanosine is a novel nucleoside analog that is an activator of ribonucleotide reductase. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, as well as inhibit the production of diphosphate from ATP. This compound also has antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). 8-(Benzyloxy)guanosine is synthesized by reacting the 8-hydroxy group on guanosine with benzaldehyde, followed by phosphorylation with diphosphate. This compound has CAS No. 3868-36-8 and can be used for research purposes only.

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt (AMP-Na2) is a chemical compound that has been used in the study of metabolic disorders. It belongs to the class of ethylene diamines and has been shown to increase the glomerular filtration rate. Ammonium adenosine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt has also been shown to increase the activity of glutamate decarboxylase, which converts glutamate into GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. The neutral pH optimum for AMP-Na2 is 6.5-7.5, which may be due to its lysine residues. AMP-Na2 has a carbonyl group that can be oxidized by reactive oxygen species and cause oxidative injury to cells in vivo and in vitro. This damage was found mainly in microglia cells, which are responsible for removing dead or damaged neurons from the central nervous system (CNS). AMP-Na2 also activates ad