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4-Nitrophenyl lacto-N-tetraoside is a chromogenic substrate for enzymes that cleave lactose-specific linkages, such as beta-galactosidases. Upon enzyme cleavage, the pNP group is released, resulting in a yellow-colored solution that can be spectrophotometrically quantified at 405 nm. This substrate is commonly used in detecting lactose hydrolysis activity, such as in dairy industry for production optimization studies, or in microbiology for bacterial lactose fermentation assays. Its tetrasaccharide structure resembles that of lactose and makes it a specific substrate for lactose-utilizing enzymes. The properties of 4-nitrophenyl lacto-N-tetraoside make it a useful tool in enzyme kinetics studies and screening of new lactose-utilizing microorganisms.

4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-3-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy--4,6--O--4--methoxybenzylidene--a--D--galactopyranoside is a chemiluminescent substrate for the enzyme beta galactosidase. It reacts with this enzyme to form 4 nitrophenol and acetamide. 4 Nitrophenyl 2 acetamido 3 O (3,4,6 tri O acetyl 2 deoxy 2 phthalimido b D glucopyranosyl) 2 deoxy 4 6 O 4 methoxybenzylidene a D galactopyranoside is used as a chromogenic substrate in diagnostics and as an environmental testing agent. It can be used as an imaging

4-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellohexaoside is a substrate for many enzymes and can be used to detect the presence of these enzymes in biological samples. It can also be used to detect the presence of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. 4-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellohexaoside is an excellent substrate for enzyme reactions that produce a chromogenic or fluorogenic product. This product is often conjugated with other compounds such as antibodies or antigens to form an immunoassay. 4-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellohexaoside is made from a high purity chemical by a process called nitration with sodium nitrate and sulfuric acid.

2-Nitrophenyl 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4-O-triethylsilyl-b-D-xylopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for enzmatic assays to measure xylosidase activity. It is a derivative of xylose that can be hydrolyzed by xylosidase to release the yellow-colored 2-nitrophenyl group, which can be detected spectrophotometrically. By modifying the xylose molecule with acetyl and triethylsilyl groups, the enzyme substrate becomes more stable and resistant to degradation. This substrate is commonly used in the study of plant biomass degradation and in the detection of xylosidase activity in microorganisms.

4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranoside is a synthetic compound with the ability to inhibit the enzyme glutamicum. It is a radionuclide that can be used as a focusing agent for gamma cameras and has been shown to be effective against corynebacterium glutamicum and other organisms. 4NP2AG was synthesized by reacting nitrophenol with acetamide in the presence of an acid catalyst and hydrogenating the product. The synthesis employs precession chemistry, which involves rotating a molecule around its axis at high speed to increase its concentration in one area. This treatment leads to a higher yield of desired product. 4NP2AG contains two acetamido groups on the glucopyranoside moiety, which are esterified with nitrophenol and acetic acid respectively. These moieties are

2-Nitrophenyl-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-glucuronide methyl ester is a tri-O-acetylated glucuronide substrate commonly used in chromogenic assays to detect the activity of beta-glucuronidase. Upon hydrolysis by the enzyme, the substrate releases 2-nitrophenol, which can be spectrophotometrically. The substrate is widely used in diagnostic tests to assess bacterial and fungal infections, as well as in drug metabolism studies.

4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(a-D-galactopyranosyl)-a-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorescent substrate that can be used in chemiluminescent assays. It is a high purity, high quality chemical that has been tested for culture media, environmental testing and bioluminescence. This product is an excellent choice for use in diagnostics, chromogenic substrates, enzyme substrates and food testing.

Jalapeno green-Gal (Jalapeno green-beta-D-galactopyranoside) is a chromogenic indicator for beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria in liquid media or on agar plates and yields a Jalapeno green colored precipitate. Jalapeno green-Gal can also be used as detecting agent for beta-galactosidase activity in reporter gene assays or for identification of positive transformants on agar plates when using the α-complementation approach.

4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate is a cytosolic proteinase inhibitor. It binds to the active site of trypsin and other enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds, thereby inhibiting the activity of these enzymes. 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate has been shown to inhibit soybean trypsin, which has led to its use as a model system for studying enzyme inhibition. The binding site on 4-Nitrophenyl trimethylacetate is competitive with respect to substrate binding but not with respect to the enzyme's catalytic triad. This inhibitor also has a high buffer capacity and can be used in low pH systems.

4-Nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltotetraoside is a chromogenic substrate used for the detection of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase activity. The four glucose units in the molecule are hydrolyzed by the enzyme, releasing 4-nitrophenol and allowing for easy colorimetric measurement of enzymatic activity

4-Nitrophenyl beta-galactoside (pNP-Gal) is a chromogenic substrate commonly used in enzymatic assays to detect and quantify the presence of beta-galactosidase. It is hydrolyzed by the enzyme to release 4-nitrophenol, which produces a yellow color that can be measured spectrophotometrically. Similarly, 4-Nitrophenyl beta-glucoside (pNP-Glc) can be used to assay beta-glucosidase activity. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-globotrioside (pNP-Glo) is a similar compound that has been designed as a substrate for glycosidases that cleave terminal beta-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetylgalactosamine residues. In these assays, the release of 4-nitrophenol can be measured to determine the activity of the enzyme under study. The use of chromogenic substrates like pNP-Glo allows for the rapid and reliable detection of glycosidase activity in a variety of biological samples.

1-Naphthyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate. It is used in diagnostics and as a reagent for enzymatic analysis of alpha-mannosidase activity in culture media, food testing, and environmental testing.

Modified naphtol AS substrate used in histochemical and cytochemical staining

4-Nitrophenyl-myo-inositol-1-yl phosphate is a highly specific chromogenic substrate used for the detection, quantification, and characterization of phosphoinositide phosphatases. When cleaved by the target enzyme, it generates a highly absorbing 4-nitrophenyl moiety, producing a yellow color that can be measured spectrophotometrically. This versatile substrate is valuable in examining phosphoinositide phosphatase activity, enzyme kinetics, substrate specificity, and inhibition studies in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, lipid metabolism, and membrane trafficking.