Sustratos de enzimas

<p>Ethyl umbelliferone-3-carboxylate-a-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate used for detecting alpha-glucosidase activity in enzymatic assays. When alpha-glucosidase cleaves , the glycosidic bond, umbelliferone-3-carboxylate is released, which exhibits strong fluorescence. This substrate is commonly utilized in glycobiology research, diagnostic tests, and high-throughput screening of enzyme inhibitors.</p>

<p>Histochemical substrate for alkaline phosphatase</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for proglutamyl peptidase 1 yielding a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage. Used in identification of Enterococcus spp. and group A streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes).</p>

<p>Modified naphtol AS substrate used in histochemical and cytochemical staining</p>

Luc-Enterobacteria Na is a bioluminescent substrate for bacterial luciferase used to detect Enterobacteriaceae. The enzyme luciferase oxidizes luciferin with FMNH₂ and O₂ via luxAB genes, emitting blue light.

Aldol 584 is a chromogenic substrate that is used in enzymatic assays to detect the presence of an enzyme. It is a triethylammonium salt with beta-D-glucuronic acid. Aldol 584 is used in diagnostic procedures and can be used as a substrate for fluorogenic substrates and chemiluminescent substrates. This product has been shown to be effective in detecting the presence of bile in feces, erythrocyte hemolysis, and the presence of proteinases in human urine. It can also be used as a food testing agent or to measure bacterial activity in culture media.

4-Methylumbelliferone is a coumarin derivative that inhibits the activity of enzymes such as p-nitrophenyl phosphate oxidase and aminopeptidase. It is used in vitro to study oxidative injury, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including primary sclerosing cholangitis and bone marrow transplantation. 4-Methylumbelliferone has been shown to induce apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species levels and activating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). It also has inhibitory effects on osteosarcoma cell proliferation in vitro.

<p>For the detection of beta-galactosidase activity</p>

<p>Lipase targeting MOSCERDAM® substrate</p>

For the detection of beta-galactosidase activity

4-Methylumbelliferyl 6-deoxy-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-6-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl 6-deoxy-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-6-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosideas a substrate for measuring the beta-glucosidase activity is used for Gaucher disease diagnosis.

A non-metabolizable allolactose analogue, widely used in molecular biology for overexpression of recombinant proteins from inducible systems under the control of lac promoter. IPTG binds to the LacI repressor and causes its release from the lac operator, allowing gene expression to take place. Present in vectors of pGEX, pGEM-T, pET, pRSET, pMAL class and others.

<p>Chitin azure is a chromogenic substrate for chitinases. It is one of the few specific substrates for this enzyme that produces chito-oligosaccharides from chitin.</p>

Glycyl-glycine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride (Gly-Gly-AMC) is a fluorescent compound that can be used as a probe for the transfer of glycine in the brain. Gly-Gly-AMC binds to Langerhans cells and is transferred by an anterograde axonal transport mechanism from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system. The binding of Gly-Gly-AMC to Langerhans cells has been shown to activate them, which induces the release of inflammatory mediators into the surrounding tissue. This activity may be due to increased levels of calcium ions, which are known to induce exocytosis in these cells. Glycine is also involved in depression and other mental disorders, as well as muscle and brain activity.

Fluorogenic substrate for chitinase

Chromogenic substrate targeting beta-galactosidase

<p>Coelenterazine and its derivatives spontaneously complex with aequorin to develop a Ca2+-dependent fluorescent signal.</p>

<p>Chemiluminescent substrate for C8-esterase and lipase</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-L-rhamnoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of alpha-L-rhamnosidase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-L-rhamnoside is used in bacterial rhamnose metabolism studies (e.g. E. coli).</p>

2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellotetraoside is a chromogenic substrate for measuring cellulase activity and other glycosyl hydrolases. The release of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol can be detected at 405 nm.